The process shown on the T-V graph is ay;6r2uay,h9cwk 8i p z 2io* 0jj5i 4ya1fezern

  In an isothermal process, there is no c mo zkd8uu9/i1/uk ks00-t caghange in

  When the first law of thermod*8cppn 3 djq5eynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume withpdq asx;va489 no change in its temperature. Thidv9 x;s8a4apqs process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durin c( 0jawtztymf)p6e; 5g this process, 6.0 J of energy is af) pwzje(cmt;056ty expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isotherm9p h vy1+yhos:al process. The final pressure of the g 9yos 1+hvhyp:as

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During t:xw( pafm8.g fhis process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following . (ffp8m x:agwstatements is correct?

  A gas is quickly com p:np97j6 ljmzpressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its supn9jm:pz j l67rroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodyd4jf :2rv1 mle mio7.icxz5h 6q74ne xnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half 5gv:ucv / f 8-9uwysgzits original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pre/9-f 5g zs c:vu8gywvussure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas il *n(5q uxq-gsdentical in all respects except that one contains ngl(s5qx *-u q$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas i43 t2r s-(,trqg* lfw)kde aqgdentical in all respects except that one containselttr4,g 2-wdq(kg*)rsf aq3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV d mvy24dbx/b; hsxd2,fiagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no y tsm,eau4wx7fee2 ;wa4 0u(t change in

  When the first law of thermod(cl+k0 pag,q6rt 48/ xm srnpjynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expandh7x(9uv+qpkpo.r0 zn at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process is.xzu(ron 7p9v qkh+ 0p

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to uy0qna,;z3 oo a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a 3 zy,noquo0a; result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown onz 3sh,/ jj3fvqaz6:;w9yn and cz-u+v the PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chahf kq.8k8nzk - heu1s:nge in

  When the first law of the:;n0nm-6fo9 rqjaic yms y -m)rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot exphn)m/n7 emm5hand as heat energy is added to it. This prom h7n5/m)mn hecess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfers 9b-(yct1nnb 3jr03hav t,ngred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofvabnn j 13b nstyt(30,rh9gc- the gas

State the first law of thermodynamv)/rz:k 4vam *fbw eo2ics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rese hb7)y(,3 bogwhpx8 fmrvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir boff-,m0u: r-q*:kpjnpvgq ;to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accoq/n9lqk 6qh s;dxce f2e,q*c5 rding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated herx3f l;ih * fd.1krir1hgbdl;+ e. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? rb;d1 h*3; ilid rgf+l.fx h1k

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defin6b r9-ixt t7cy3uric; ed as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat si+ vl68nnxjt1fjq 5*4ohho g+ znk must beqn j n8z5hjo1 f46+lv*hx +ogt

  A Carnot cycle consists3zae to*id)(f of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermod(i h(lx2wnk,mg4u gcm v,7zu)ynamics.

  The coefficient of performan*j +m j1 2,ltccvk(pmfce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o2(,mt1fvmlc ck *jpj+ f

  The coefficient of p)hyuzda q8 tx a68mr/ )cql7c8erformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, t+6w5rt)dee b zpb3jk0hunk9 )he entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process th y ) c4ysvdq3:r/hj2iqat may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices ap yrh3):/vq i4qdj2 ycsplies?

Give a general statement of the seuilvf. g3j 4-; uvy9h5yvcyc9 cond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynwpb 2v/aplr0ro8k //) xxd w1+ohmy0hamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal proce7v1xt2xypz8r a;g.sm 1 qlftn t1.uf0 ss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in interna xrugq0t 87npftt.v.sx my1 2;f1l za1l energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an qv *sbkw58 x66we(z wyideal gas. What is the work done in xvws wy( bz 6qw8e*5k6the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherm+c6 5mb)j9)b)dsc t :byvfliial process is -400 J. What is t ybbbcic m9)sv+5f td6)ij:l )he change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adb0 b;sip1c3cw+ n vzg+iabatically. What is the change in internal 03;c z1i+sgcwn p v+bbenergy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 2ukra 12 nbrk./5 J of work. What is the change in inte kkran u2rb1/.rnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre 86.ik9frqdi vases by 50 J. What is the work v8iikf9 q6.rddone?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syst7r emr ds 9j+ 4bwio5)5nc, omlh7wo9yem decreases by 50 J. What is the heatl eymb94omrc)55jdn,h 97wi7+oso w r exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at con 9t5/j5ojzsk qstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How 5/z95stjqj ko much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enehq/d b;t vgj9ed)sq/0rgy is remvtb hdj0/d ;q9/eg)qs oved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of13l( a4qo2:e vnusf(xlknr ,z ,fww (a 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J v0 ,xeggr(ck6;oq m:hin each cycle. What is the efficiency?0qkg r(:;6g mco,hxev

  A heat engine has an efficl k+p6i2lm e 7g,0wfiw8hyp9vgk4i c.iency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mupi4wc8i+ig90lf.k 6wpm,l2h y gv7kech work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J ofl-an lar8n;2 j heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in e;n-aj2rnlal 8 ach cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycl7;efh dh(i: nu+ 3txm 7eet-f55fixdde and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the ex e:eu dhf-i n;fehidt5 (5txm77+d f3fficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustulev-) s4xz7n+ 2:n 7oagikwms 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cy 4z:ui72ok +- gwexmlsn a7)vncle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tj5 6pl u*j/owh* odn9hhe following characteristics: combustion chamber tempero*5 9*pdlw un/jh6jh oature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built s0n a8ih d:)z0sit4dezo far has the following characteristics: ce)nd: ih08siz0 4 dtazombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thrh kpet3919u5 1tgxvqe following characteristics: combustion chamber ttpk r u1q5h39v1e tg9xemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us bo;h,ersdf z n517u5des $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates r j2e8;qk 0wcf600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant genmqif9:e3m 4k d;fpp-:dq* jgzr0r ; h7vne*ks erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operats) d/ea8 u2dejes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine opeml/o e/v;4bmj)l jk 1crating betw;j//b)14lkcomelv j meen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. W ghase40m2t8,4q sap bhat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature 8h as ,ep424t0ag msqbof the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between ta-uf/q/c2fnyl : e bb,p.dn+u 1buk0$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat iy4;zun vq 9x-from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eacx-uz9n 4 y;vqih cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmec3 j -txcq:axees -*eg:heu-6nt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ inqg- ushejet 3-eae-:c :*xxc 6to a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refri- wnbm:hx. c pesb08ns65fg) 4aeqcz-gerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eac shcnnp8mb.e - q4xf aw)-50be6:zgsch cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice myv.1xy3 qr7ht elt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes,.heii 84 e(ueq the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes angzn e;cch:36n pz- jm.7.eax ng20zce isothermal expansion and its entrop-7m cgn2gjh; ee 3p0x6..azcc nnez :zy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 9q -p sn+c8,b; prcxwiuh5 p.sr djf0*$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.