The process shown on i8 fkd86 zj;h,40 4ryfedr(,gnvjwqi the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change in(w p;l 6iexok7;z32 yks:ewvn

  When the first law of thermodyn9x)hr mmnu6o;yxk2o6amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice itn)5, q j ;kt8gtfl2nris original volume with no change in its temperature. This proc);n2rf jl5,tt qk8ingess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procesqq -wzes(yp/fez :q5 .ix5cynu*sb -(s, 6.0 J of e- xc5:se5s(pqi.y bywfq*q e(nzz u- /nergy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is comprer 5is z0e 7c,oi 8cuy-7shhou 9grl6v.ssed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The f90u7u,6ov ses 5iryhci7 c.z8hlrg - oinal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expandedcxbkjr6 v ihq0 66/,gm isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that h/0 q6cjbmx,rv66 kgi expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compreb*p/0vu9u uuj ssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings.pv bu 09u/juu* This process is

  When the first law of thermozf,pj7r x1owtap,y 78 dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original voluewuw co /e+7z+me during an adiabatic pr wuo/7z++ecweocess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in au (dw+w5j (jqoll respects except that one contains w( 5djqoj+wu($O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in at45mikw c ixxd :0;;ofkth 88fg8eqi6ll respects except that one containse60t85qtkixcgfkw i 4if:m8 o;h;xd8 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on thw 8;ujjw r, jz:u8usdb 9,ox-re PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is nv/ i; br3cuad*o change in

  When the first law of themwk9zawoxbq;t ,., .65xzl t *wwaqy x6pe,2prmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This j7;mj -y3wun wprocess j ;mnuwy3-jw7is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cons c g5xytqudb9skuj uv ,:.u* 2tn-7a+qtant pressure. As a result, the intuj*vasu2:uy,db nq7 x5t 9u g-k+qc.ternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagr4of+ gcde4l(sam is

  In an isochoric process,2rn mi8m .)vvq* um5mu there is no change in

  When the first law of thermody6vig:uo8wx:6 ba 9mhx 6-ut ernamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigiwd rrj*rn6(a2 u:hplz 6ts,3m7k 1oxvd container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This processjr6lzro,t(kux* mpw sa32n6h v 7r 1d: is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cl8ije8sj* 4n2sgr tq* onstant volume. As a result, the inter ste*sjn28 i rlg4jq8*nal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermom,4 egb7b81(sudtr7wwh4rcw dynamics.

  Is it possible to trup8j5qeq+y5m) ami vs avyq t,n1- 4,fansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoqb9xt -,q8ewpir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordih j 77;spcg1l+gt d*czng to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much )e rwjkz8:) v 6t1swolwork is done by an engine operating on thowvsz) elkjr:6 ) 8tw1is cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine bb0tj iii.ob- my994zd,ln0 w is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Cay(y2i;ky 2xx 4xz jt/jrnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be t/ 2xyij;yy(k24jxxz

  A Carnot cycle consists ocir gj(+zmnt6i; ( *bbf

Give the Kelvin-Planck f;o t1kk sg 86e/ za(xz5wb)txstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator ujl8a*(9w8au w :l,ojz/hzw dis defined as the ratio ojaawz*, w /zohj9:uldl(88 u wf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defnwl(sfa8w,* 0w+zel w rl) gs6ined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the w 1i x-bh91hucjz dr8b 9*3qyouater

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process ta0 xk9q 8:jy;lnouiqmb2 )ri-hat may occur within an isolated system,;li oxkbmi- y:jq)urn8a920q which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of 6t z os7cex:n o2by:;uyq2 /nythe second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads uay /ix i+(yi e,hl8o:zs to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. b)dxxz 11 oxx: What is the change1bx1)xx d :xoz in internal energy?

  During an isothermal p6kmw)zcod(qnko-a )tp 8en .9 rocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What ie-)n9w.atk mod6oz(n q pkc) 8s the work done in the process?

  The work done on an idn a gh /i4a.tj)h7jipk)m3/t seal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the ch4g))h tj. /s/pn i3aatjmk7ihange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in cl4gl1uc2l6 uwompressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of thec41l ugwu 6ll2 gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. omqy)z y9;fx9hyc7 w( What is the change hq79mx9zcw y y)o yf(;in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. p3w1vc3yc6wg kb *np7 What is the work done1 6cwppb33 7*cnk vgwy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50:aye* ltdin73 J. What is the heat eatyd 3l:*i n7exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at co7arg gm- jk yv9n,9cde *;qi3onstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by ;7g vyeqm n,jrko*g9 39ai-d cthe gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K atd2hrw b1) 9hxla+0c rp constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from itlhd0 9c)wx b1ar2h +pr. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wa-dg * :zgz5lcgter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of hhw(c no)kj ;/sdlhe +*;g9nug42 hdw heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficielh4k9d ghnje)d/h n;w *gh+w co;su2(ncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%)ccg1 4 yz m:bv g..yy;roeg+d and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfocygyz4 )egycbo :dm.1;.r + gvrm in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rei5va,+sww )-n+r gq bxceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle? 5avng-b,rx++s iwq)w

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculku0u 81*odnue ep; vv7ate the efficiency ofn 0due;7*1kpov8veu u each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhautxx h -27htk4psts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done exk7pth-4 t2hx ach cycle.

  One of the most efficient enginesxqh9fl(7 de v( built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = 7exv(d9 lf hq($1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficm3d(y d cgrb6 fyxj4b)*a1ze9fad6o -ient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustioa4)d1a d6x6dyf z- y9*(fm3je orbg bcn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines qk.t.x6677zw,ovv impvl8w fq/c7c t built so far has the following characteristics.w o.7z vlx,m8w6vc/c7 qtfi 6kvp7qt: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us y*q x 5eebwmv16 cvmo91;peq/: hcn1qes $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele wwt7.-hzrvem-;cf+ pctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plaur*ca 46wdp:rrt szk 3:..fqqnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatfy s;( m6ppe*ses between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical ermx 5yxb lh;5)fficiency possible for an engine operating betwe xxy)m ;rb55hlen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3567nql/e*x qwb .0%. What is the temperature of the cold reseq /wlqb7e*nx 6rvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatiqh) j2u9dx4 wrba9 z/qng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from tb0gbi 0yqylg.:k+* js he freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required i0bqygy*gl i+ 0jb. sk:n each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ a2ey(wca; m+ y6byk5b-l0e b tvnd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What t a (;+wyevc- by l0bm62yk5beis the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of opecebs5 *ig2bnmv hr w6.qs h.0)ration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer hi 2n5csbshg0.r b*)mewv q6 .and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entro wzojky9okir29g7 6:h q9gwrvn9 -co5py when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in eyd*fyq/; +axpg)xek5 h/s6ixntropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion an6zy(ut; qxes9d its entropy changes by 6q(;seux zt9y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at o2bwv*vi2 4t ; u rjffw1v3d39nbsrk6$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.