The process shown on the T-V graph ifl 60ja mo-doq-* iw(ns an

  In an isothermal process, th.*e2t o2 i;0ed5uxlcjl; mqsjere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamia i mxp8wr;e j7h)df4.cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperal2k rz5 pc34qzture. This process rz3lc2 z 4kq5pis

  An ideal gas is comprn bh)6aflv : *qei.,flfe a/9nessed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comprl)9 /fhq .*a,n: bilnaef fve6essed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hdlggn9hhm k(j/a9b; 5alf its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressurh (/gg5bhn;kl 9 dmaj9e of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thi glo 2qd6u jp60q(wpe6s process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following pgq(d2ql6wjp u6 e60o statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the ev+l nq)a 9d4byoent, the gas exchanged no he+ 9)o lnyqabd4at with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamqsdgblal h c)zvt d(g..93,0gics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to o7ydb)3w qcw 9m(z uu/one-half its original volume during an adz3cq 7w)wuy9mb /( oudiabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one;hjx1lskff3 l3+h8lhr9fo p6 contains 1hk l6f8;prff3xjhl 9+3hlso$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one c5z8ym **mo9n-5bt s,)mpntm a ruxw;qontains n nw-mop)u9*m8 5xbtrszmaq5;mt*y ,$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on tht3k r4or cu5q3e PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, n 7b;1sr7vy- wl ;/wdzh; jvjlthere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicj8srlht/r 6w 3s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added fcbxj4 o ri8)d u1b.firy3yq.nu-x+v v9kg-7 to it. This pro i v.qrkffi-d.vj9n bbg47+xx8y 3o) c u-1yurcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant ao6c r uv2 cpcl(ae9(/x5sac0 pressure. As a result, the int pvo/xa5c(c r0 cua6asce(9l2ernal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV 5d1sr yp)8 k/ar q;kptdiagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chan wt ( t5aaz apbw--cd(o(pxo5(ge in

  When the first law of t( kqovns1)y4rio b 73nhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand7bypb )h*z g x8ydqvwa,ajhw 3)f*z87 as heat energy is added to it.qv7x88w db)* z*,h)w azy37 fbajghyp This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are *cw vit4oz)c 5:;amgotransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, t aowmg*4 ):i5zccvo;the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics.mj n3 axec827 l.hwd1o9xv nw3

  Is it possible to transl ng4al4 w ygdhxjh2( (r(e:4dfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer hean hchml9p;-y ).zm0b et from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodync gvi:582lrn) zjtin8amics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the crs *ur,ovo )7gycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is do,r7ogsuovr * )ne by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat zu3:ku; 7g)))prpjr:te z0rufqxh1 sengine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, o/7d3 rxhyog 5the heat sink must/35dxrgo o7h y be

  A Carnot cycle consistg.yd t z :mzr+7x/8bxws of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second laz1:g4g-w0 lf d6q,,gh nxa.wuog- xdrw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defigdb j.eu-.uaj:3, .mb0y g )pwsp k,zyned as the ratio ofdbbj.:-3g w, eg. p)k0 z,uaypjmsyu.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pumx( ,mxq ag6dc(h.t5j vp is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ent2j7a;j4xqmdn/o 1qw4d fz6uv ropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pbr:k+*3k wbfzrocess that may occur within ab3w+k* kfb r:zn isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the se/xo bzi,ls *z1cond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodysfek b69,f 6)dpbrhq.namics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealnqgxh l4m0r 1 n1e92mg gas. What is the change in internal ene0 m1 ggrh 9n4mnx12elqrgy?

  During an isothermal prosd 6yx,r-+ 9ny+mkgde1 y vr15vv1vogcess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dong6 9yr1 vyysxe5ov d1vgmrn-+ vdk +1,e in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothe0xza1f t 9hr z4t g6*c(feuq563 dfdfnrmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal en39fa*6zefqf h u06c4t 1fddgrt xzn5(ergy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing tvy+b sfm*k 3:-cv c:t8*nzrka gas adiabatically. What is the change in intnbck- vfv y+m*c8tz3:sr *k:ternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. c m+c k0f(bar3 What is the cr03+ac fm( cbkhange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre61h ktaa,ql,ume (y-oases by 50 J. What is the work done?auk(-,ytao l,m6 q1eh

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases zo:0:rwaqb kp 3z.xv :by 50 J. What is 0xpr.bqv:k3 :zaw :oz the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it i twppy90 hedf -m(q*5m5 vly,ls cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is don0ym9f5pel(-p5*qhy vd lmt ,w e by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at consta8dz9heuo z(pi2+ xnu0 nt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are inoxu( ih2zepd0zun 89 + the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wate v*hwbsd/d l(2r at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 ;qx)7m4i6/fxlw hi a hJ in each cycle. What is thwh)m ;qhxfl ai/746i xe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of o (s8aoc/nrh 835.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each n8r aco8 h/(socycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. 0.d xdmrd/ym9bq p:g,How much heat does it exhaust in each gbm/:, m9qxddp dr.y0cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcul:h:abpvyra ; 4ate the efficiency of h b4vr:;aap:y each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatf2r/ 7vq13hlml 1wrlhe the work2h l1mqh7 3lr/fwv1lr done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followa6 0l8fu2gvxl+9vc joing characteristics: combustion chambelf+ vax80ul vgcjo629 r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fa,--:a e aksdk+:h5r7mc wwcdqr has the following characteristics: ac :mkdw:s qd--h ,7w 5crak+ecombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engin2nsxyv3dfug /yj6s. 8zh:o+y es built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature y63 sn.8fx yu+:hzov2y/sdjg= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 q5cgx)np d9 isz;0jk ;MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec 1,r;k5fyjgo vtric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant p ;jbviuz s5aw4j)+x(0avjs2uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operat*pkoqmw)1; utifx 20oes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical ef;m8ngh,.wk9nv5i .w;ut vfo4mpluz1ficiency possible for an engine operating betww uk8l9 zmnio .h1;.nvtm,wguv;45p f een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%2khccw4jt e)s 6qgnk0soi3l ;9yk8w 4. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reseweqioc384 6lk9sn y0js)2kht k g4cw;rvoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingd)a 0yv5 l4r 6krk2vqf between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kw;hks vuu56,; ziis7gs 2dptv5j)7k6vbwkm:J and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requs g;sb z)d,itwhpuw76i525 kmvv; 6j k u7sv:kired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from thu x:chj /p(d2ye freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. W d 2(/p:xhcjuyhat is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from y,8q u 7y:z5o :tnzml7 0adebathe freezer anaq:0a8 y7nyt5 u ,ombzd:z7e ld expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in enak6u8q7uaya*f. jjnrgzmf .v) 1gl 0 :tropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrwo; 7dwf.+xgmopy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP und u3.qg8uj ji :eyjkdcn 0oi8+4ergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes y3 .+ j:juk8jqidn80uo cei 4gby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at mt bwghe 3;mlr6x-b(6$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.