The process shown on the T-nxo)n+q xu 2oevek023V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there fthn4d ty+(m. w y;n1gis no change in

  When the first law of thermodynnqh8v88eo v;f3ug , lc pq+bq:amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its origic;.zladc;b iqx12 (cyrbh fbos3.d*2nal volume with no change in its temperature. Th 3.y b(dd2q;.bi1*b2rxls coz cchfa;is process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duri)g5 b, (3wrjbrsymevsd -k5r,ng this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of interrs bs(5db5r w 3my,v- jer,g)knal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to oiwe a*7vtnc(,ne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final taewv* (c7in, pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process,fvmf l vvp*0p.b0 -j;a 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expa.a0m0jv f bl; vfvp-p*nded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed ine)*p:)e oqdoj an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundingso) o:edpqj *e). This process is

  When the first law of therm,b /uyw(8lpz o2s+ntt odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an a 5c h2 q+:swd ib9neylw9 )(ornjioz;/diabatic9 9 qoibz y(/ecnd)lr2hojw5:nw+s; i process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gasblyz4g 9 2*xya identical in all respects except that one contains4a *yg 2zxby9l $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one c ;. t-.gguw:pe)7brichn5js r ontains;h :wrb .) u 7in-rgj5pcgse.t $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagraszx nro+go44d(6 jk;tyj8s z (m is an

  In an isobaric process, there is1q8m ) -e bl5vvu0hdww no change in

  When the first law of thermodylm)- 3kvolym+q 51y /l c0bqchnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand ax(c0ghu* ih6p(8z.ih bzc6 ei t constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process ixc6zh(z 6.0buicpih8i e gh(* s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sordwja;ik* 6 s fb 318gz-mt5vample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy ofgtw3 1f 5z vrj oi;s8m-6k*bad the gas

  The process shown on the PVp+ 66mo +owe)oqz0vu a diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there bs0b5gv qmge*y ;.b 3klqby33is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyneo z9 ( :vs.un5vdxepwwj16f ftm;e /,amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a ryw,1ia8s1yp zb+ y+n wigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pw b+iy1za+n8 w,sypy1rocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constahq9b yu9h92i unt volume. As a result, the internal energy of the ghh9bu2 iq9yu9 as

State the first law ofblr/o)xbxntv bs/s- .kyz1,2n ls ; q0gta0(i thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heaze+b yv b3, :xe2;goryt from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reser2vq/; 4r; *mfctujzu bvoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of therm- j;odjj pcf67alk5l 7odynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. 8f7sybvtb qj ix1ei0r c, c.+;k6md 4zz7*wdx During one cycle, how much woxtsedrmidbz0zcy j.1487;q k7 6bf,w*+ cxvirk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat enginnaz ) ukj(em55e is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot:ymjksr9 d ilgr/wm;3 7ed -bwy(y.u4 engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must beeks ur97w-3g y by4r/l:mi(ydmd;.w j

  A Carnot cycle consis0 md-lf* ezg8uts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thedl,0rnzx *l;-ypftc9 7 qi.whrmodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refri3n:zxo11kalxurw4 h ,0 s b;oxgerator is defined as the ratio ow soo0z,blux a :4r1 kx1n3;xhf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of azdu7t em:m+pkg .//ca heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the en3h82pxo (zgqv tropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynalv(gay7v5 p* amics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices apa gvv7 *(5pyalplies?

Give a general statement of the second law lnnd2k3ps8: qok)npu90lyd / of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads u, 7qdk, cqtgj,awwnje+v,7 -ns to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat iscsry/fhsd/g. d.(7ccn 0 hen6 removed from an ideal gas. What iecn f ynr.7d6cs(/hsh c0g/.ds the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat isr h e3yzf.uxhskwh20dp :+zu p8j *p2; removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the 2z y3;2p.zjku hps08:pwrh+ *uh dxfe process?

  The work done on an ideal g7/fd e7ps+3ye htns8xl lv0h2as system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change ih3 dy l/7seh2p7 0nvl ftexs+8n internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the3pj4.dz06 mlfers ;kk change in internal enej6f. m k4rkp;l03z sdergy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes ad 2-pk olh+ ,.grdq0cpn adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change ikdlrp, +d p0gqo.hc- 2n internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the interna a8;qp euez 3-e(.cwoal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thezuewo aa (p38ee qc.;- work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. ,3rwya/.w fm1oz c 0ve.c/:bz8yrnq j What is the heat exchwzfc 8rm b ncqej,zw .ay3 /0.o1yr:/vange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is me ,wbke3t( dsbm7 ;bkr7kt,/ eaintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished dm3tr,kkt ,bk ; 7 b(7/esbeewby removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J bj;82vdtd+,jp.lwxbz *c n7 uof energy is removed from it. Hoz,w+8 ldcux t7jb*p ; djnbv.2w many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wc cj:9ygr: if9ater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losekm ,txo8 s f3ik,0f)whs 3000 J in each cycle. What is thex8fwoik, ft3 hm,0k)s efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ol mnx03j p7:s h/t5cvand receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much wos35nl7jmx c0/vhop t :rk does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of,gc(cus 4e5ul5-) km k/x rxsb 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyb ,5uek r(kusx/gcl4s-mc x5)cle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cal8lt( pf( -yoleculate the efficiency of eafpy((lle8- t och cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculeu8nm5:x/a- em:ypj 4pc;y dbate them4:apjc d8/;yenx5upmb: ye - work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristlppyla/z *n7 6ics: combustion z 67 y*lpl/anpchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foll wfy.a181wl bnowing characteristics: co8 ln .wwbyf11ambustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteq)fz2ckpd 5 rc5c ,zapp()fq:ristics: combustion chamber temperatu) 2c p czzf:f,qp(rcq)dk55pa re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecgc 9myeyb4o8* 3l p jeo.i:uep4,5jn ptric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uuy8wt)t0 h yf7ses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600,t y i67wja 0r8gsq,oz MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an9:zl z*r3pa.pd 0ddrf engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical effkffug-j8 pe)8k6 t ex(;qnn;ciciency possible for an engine operating betweknftj88 k (6xcn pgufe)e -;q;en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature o4rzbbidiw gg9eukv -8f6f w67 14px)pf the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot )uiwkxz v f1ep9-4b68rpi bfgg d74 6wreservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwz9 on(-acyp 4neen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the fwbe41m pv n..n.i-ptxreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 b-enn4.t xwvm .p.1i pkJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmen y(grnx:y3fok4: u:lit at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into an :yoxlu4g3: fr(ik: y room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refri+549ngkxaao y s8 h7bigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is re x9kg bh84i7osa 5ayn+quired in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whenytjt*)uqu fsni9 98ge+ 3v7 :snozhj: 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes,g9 28zxl op,uzsxos. e.*+e(u qapo d3 the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at S e5.2 lmso bbgab,)6meTP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy cha2)b,m 5se.gbaob m6le nges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at u e lv+/ +c.yx,c;ruba$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.