The process shown on the T-V g- + di9cgztw.uraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no c3-cgm6wq8tl2so7 qlsd* s)uj hange in

  When the first law of th4 *ueq(y :g3n ta/xblqermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no cq3 +nmqv7ma 3urnx r)o ggc)nv0bs8:-hange in its temperature. This procesar -3nm8 mnn:g bur7+q o))v0s xcgvq3s is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 Lk c*r7uwuf66ii u- 6s,qfemm2 to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energrwf66 k-s7qm*umi2 ie6u,fu cy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compresjq, w(u3fia;/0jq n mnsed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure 3j,jf uia0( wq;/nmnq of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 Lo1w abev*kutq/g0z 2*s g1h8f. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the *voh0t k 1s/g 1*82zugbfwqaegas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During th0r4e 24x5cgiz7 szxkxe event, the gas exchanged no heat wikzexx0 2 4zc4s5irg 7xth its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodyn prxjh424wbqf0m +ta 1amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume di-8v1y)*axq8nc u aro uring an adiabatic process. The final pressureoq -cr)u8x iy8van1a* of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rfy8;ob 4t.npsx6 w9ukespects except that one contains f9t6w yuxsb k;o8n4.p$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identicaly3ycb3)8 r-i k4m2fb*qiil au in all respects except that one containsauq 4i )*3lmic- k82fbbyiry3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on dyf vc,nc7h09the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no zokzs77)mhg .change in

  When the first law of thermodyna3 f:jduik/4zpy n/7f,0 g iklomics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added q.d7 )j ul9)wfcknd.zto it. This process)dq7c.9djku wnzl)f. is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ide j-x.u 8knp7qomzbt-4,a8q weal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal ener8ep .zn7-oxa j bqmt,-kw8uq 4gy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagf1eg,nwvhu9q c5j2g 9 ram is

  In an isochoric process, thj 97aruiz0b 6sere is no change in

  When the first law o*pl0jth;s w3ts1 *0b qqz vx+tf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expai9g;qq:ri-p5 umgt6 q nd as heat energy is added to it. Th;qg gi9iq tpuqr65:m-is process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of i+ha4 0.im:ii htz) obideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the inte:zm tioa.0h4 bi+h)iirnal energy of the gas

State the first law jk u( f,qty0 ,n;+so16wi se, jbgzse(of thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reser4 l;rbl 7aiyz6 5rsw9rvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rese00+x+3fmjd gd fwbl:ad)n d dxl7 9d/krvoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according t-e;ld*kd 9 6lrphl1uq -;wxlao Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the x;.5u*sznr ip(,r7 k*lxvk ifcycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on rfk,krplx(iv7;xz *u *s 5i. nthis cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is definen69nb p gq ;w-p+ cqt:g6juc5jd as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine ig fs9k:h)f 8qgs to be 100%, the heat sink mus)f :q g9h8ksgft be

  A Carnot cycle consists ow3a6qw4sit :z-s 6km7a -hgrc;7 txcdf

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of thv(zw cy:cu-f8 v 5+nish* 8vzqe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of perfo ll j1wg/fzh1 k9cifw.p1d e;)rmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio owzpcw )1/.k;h 9l gfi11d jeflf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of e;n64a7zd2zzs n:fvl a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy o u :l7fkr*38e2dmkmxj uwxn+;f the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any6 7hq sdxgi) pw).doc* process that may occur within an isolated syste. 7gp6*d h)d )socxqwim, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statemen3q82emc)b)g yjzm6 i ot of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to nyf3 rewyf b7:;zc ps8 1ad4)f: x)scpconclude that

  During an isothermal pru4qhus 3bv81( wc0 2v wpq2aceocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is theaq42b e3hu08 w1 cvuq(2 psvcw change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gasg: 5i.t rs l2;myb)qt+9b cabq. What is the work done in the procbq9gt5 +r l y 2.ba:;ti)qscbmess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermk t-enia4 2lx;:w(, 3n0dts )ooplicpal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal0c3;tak: i woeppd)4l(-sl2io n t ,xn energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. wae;xamq20c nf/k dg,2+pgz g ,)7wi y What is the change in inter/ fanzkmg)g, 2, ixw;yqdcw 7p0ae 2g+nal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proc:9u0v: fzaxa/n y pe8wess while doing 25 J of work. What is txuayv zwf::90n8/ ap ehe change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by k2mp3;fj;rd , qjnhzd 5pl)g* 50 J. What is rf3*pl2 dj)qzdkjph; 5mn g;,the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal enkg/vv f.-m/dldc8g9v4nrfe)xu 8o 9sergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thenxf9ur)fvcs gl /edvk d94- .g8/v8mo heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant s to+kh05(mii x 1obj4volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. Howxmoo(15si0j thb 4k+i much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coz,n xyj;56bge oled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed fx56 jzbg ,;neyrom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wate1f+1nn:h e sshr at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each()1 wfr ko 1-;nr1stgkcvu m.f cycle. What is the effi .rgwtsvfm 11ok)n c(rk1-fu;ciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pngpy0 wfjlp :yr75a gjg2*uibm193 k/er cycle. Howbg: ipgp muyg93 *w2rkf57 aj01ny j/l much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivesyy9sz.;g 5 gq67qwlo 5ep q1wb 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhau6obge wg; qywq17yqz5 9.l5 spst in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustsi.e,z/i6keg + (ydsrs 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each k i i+/yr.s 6,egzs(edcycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of ;9*,udula xd kz z0p50l(9 f+degy homheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.z9d lf ; zg 0x 5,aoy9kdpm(heulu*0+d

  One of the most efficient engines ylp()91 lp4alz o u8ysbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatureuzoaly8l4p( 1l9y s)p = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so f6 0ccbuoduzl(i uy9u218 o qs/tfi6d /ryu3r7ar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =/iy26yido61 u u fq9uzb8/7td3ro(c0csu ulr $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far )5xypvl p4(ho ob9uuk(,n0ep1iri. go/ kls1has the following characteristics: combustion chamber te.rik 9op1ylov 1phl)(eu,uopk sgi (/n 0 54bxmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powervu i2;fylbw yzqxi*y+ 39b.z7 . The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric ),vwzl6* 8ds/bmeqfc4 *lh ilpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plankkw4nm*z0po0( m 2ntut uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which oy 2ae; px2 *xa3au/wmsperates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficienc o:x0.a4cc cf8ucs m7cy possible for an engine operating betwe. c:u m s7c0x8cfco4caen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the1/ im +sbd;pct cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoirt/ ;bd pc1s+mi is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between)u)+wqmw qv8j $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from sekn,::pn w h3the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in ean:e hps,3:nwkch cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of0/plw bbxvpl6,:b kk5q va2;g 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perform/kpgw l2bpxv5a:;v ,60qbk l bance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the fls .ui0jhtcm .v0b)(g -mm +ddreezer and expels 35b+ulhg0.0im mvd )s(dmj-t. c 6 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy wh8y) psdx8 5voden 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in ).xlyh;,vw6k s1m , yljj()ofis(lhsentropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an is*+m r-gxu5qf6v u:fokmj5 i6p othermal expansion and its entropy cho-f k *ixq 5v+m:fu6p5u 6jrmganges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at e6e ddyq hfc*ot u75fb2+/z5kf2vyx1 $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.