The process shown on the T-V gozucd)u(zqs qx 5w72 1raph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chancc u8:z s+,jff4va4zy2ju0d bge in

  When the first law of thermod osi3w 7qb2e7pynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its mzy+ 8o630 buhgkvf7 doriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This pr d3kvh07+ zu mby68fogocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally -zfr4 ecp7f-a from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is tzffpe7 -c4 ar-he change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal; f3amju8a0 fj process. The final pressuau j;0mf3a8jf re of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L 13a7 f4zhqn2l 5amuzg to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the n4a gz5h3aqu 17fmzl2following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During g:smel0l.8mcm k4 :xzyf zdy(wu6r 4,the event, the ga 4. lw(ey80m,uyflsmxd:k:r4mg zc 6zs exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamic-q way)sbw5( es, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durin pmd2zk/na59x. 33p/hoy 2aibqm3uc o g an adiabatic pro hk/m2ic3zab q opuyx5 pa/92 m.o3dn3cess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of ujr*k*q 2w+r6/7tf- jorlzibgas identical in all respects except that one contains f/z uk * j*62wjrrolti7-rb+q$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containsz(mjdqwsql- mj8, .8k1 k771ohlzx na j( s 77h.w xk1q, 1zn-mam lj8qdozk8l$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is anh ag4geq*a0p:/. dpsr r 10g9dnzp 8hm

  In an isobaric proce(ecfv5; ;ho ecss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermoi+ duj5w6,v,h *vqtn 7euk9kq dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressul by62x avf-.xre as heat is added to it. This proc2 6xv-ba fxl.yess is

  Ten joules of heat energy a;d0-fix pwse 4re transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal x-se4fiw0pd ; energy of the gas

  The process shown on the fpqywj)m+j-p + 4z+1 v: qsmlfPV diagram is

  In an isochoric process,veg7z h4h:qlxj.q , 9i there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamiw1tkj/fl v bh6.5f :o)vn- dwb0( jucics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expan+ 25nqe+ay 5mnusno vm8l- o,ge( t8ded as heat energy is added to it. This procnydaln5et nm85o2g-ov(,eq usme 8+ + ess is

  Ten joules of heat energye5t a w0/payz8 are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of0/aaw tp y5e8z the gas

State the first law of thermodynamid 8byn6n2vpm7j tsz5my),a h,cs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir .)i* uqnd bz+ato a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir touyl*z5 emxn/ fo1a 2,zwj y ;ztr(:u 33pqul6p a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermo0;n 8* m**x y0d.gmooor;3hvwe n; hry0jriagdynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illusm3/xj *3orl bf5., l pzs;duljtrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an eng ul/d53xb;*z lsjjfm rop. l3,ine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio.qe bcgffc c6r:a l-26 of

  If the theoretical efficiency of ayaqc/ l ou3lwg3ygum - 4ya0uy*w:*d/ Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu4w l u *ou:mad3y *c/y3guagwy0l-/yqst be

  A Carnot cycle consi,wb:;e sse -lasts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law 7)z.-kl ayhl g qpmovf+w.*w5of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator 60ufvzl ) +b,d vu,,nrvi2 io4a3qjjqis defined as the ratio ojiavn u3 jfu,,orq0d+vq6b ,v2 i)4zlf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is deccby:+icm,a +fined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, bn6* 7* a:3;d aekmji sobobs:the entropy of the water

  According to the secmd4b u mrzwbc**x7o,r48c,aw ond law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system7z c 8xbwu 4,rbmrm*,c4awo*d , which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second lagb(9bms9/ y kbw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of ther 5; vw7elp1gkqmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remy mn d maq8w2 01v 7ayiws31;/r+zhlkjoved from an ideal gas. What is the c0+maa lvn m;871iz1sy jd2yk3whwq/r hange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal g n ohlb)d5myd0n)m. j4as. What is the j nmdmh405yo)l)d .nb work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherech/owyaj6;5 qjx0:b1 *xgbg 9 r9qaamal process is -400 J. What is the change in inaggb qwx9*xy bo 19/c6qrjaae:5j; 0h ternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabati ,q.8j4e *pqans e9,j fuo+rrncally. What is the change in internal energy of ren9q* j,f,s au. jro+qepn48the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of workwy3ojtj 0 hffx ti2p0qbao m79+cyp 93504xez. What is the change in internal ener 0xe 3 y9ztqc9o7 2imjjfp0ta 3 hoxfwb5py4+0gy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energr7scaw 951a z ,zzpnz*y of a system decreases by 50 J. What15az7zrzw a,nc* z sp9 is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systp y ko6lmcf j7-9.est1em decreases by 50 J. What is the flmjypk79o. 1te c-6sheat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas ilj sj2pkb8,w ackh+g 6/n7yd(s maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by remo(c8h 6jbjp k/n,dy2wsl +7akgving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at ,hp1 )skyqon+constant volume when 831 J of energy is remooky+hs q1n),pved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 ;t ztg -a.px/hkg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is d2.o pr+6whr kthe efficiepk+d 2whr r6o.ncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 Ji0y lns7k;4ez trm:i2 ogpj35 of heat per cycle. How much work does i rpejiz ilg25m y7s 4kot;0:3nt perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 v02m 6; j1o84b x:gdv4oomis0 oxugukJ of heat per cycle. How much heat d oxuu vjgd8o4ki0x2140g;m v 6:obs mooes it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64ta 4 z3t la1nlf: mflcuflz6t/uj u:m*6k.u.- kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienj-6cu fu:fuz:aa tkl tn3z/lm*ul.6.lm 1 4tfcy of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each .-8 f3dygrrnk cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate tyr8k .-ndf r3ghe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficieuxv h2+ / qz)e( r1ptsd;vjn wgui 9)2nvy2d9knt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambern 2hv sd2 evyui2(j+ )tkp)x qudvw1;9r9gzn/ temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterf8x;pcs :1*j0dbh i yzistics: combust :8 fczxijhs;db*yp10 ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficioa7v u7)7;,:qwtnky5pwr z nnent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combu7nra:vun 5wwp7y, ;tkz no7)qstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 m (kte r i;q.rmz;x0m4pb 37dmMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600wbnecvjiz3k5 m;; ,e05 jtf4ly: snt8 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gpovtc2+hj-+ t eji9u -enerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency o/l1 230vpnf zv5xnc lkf an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum t2sg 9kjo9i p-wheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw w9g9-kj2p ioseen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot p mtnt 7.+h)nrengine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot n.nthr)+ tmp7 reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweeegwhqbj 7.w/+dp1srt qq:, o.n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment af4o2pu ub8qwk 2jh0i4t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requ8 0q puio4kw4j2bf 2uhired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate m2 hg+k4n/ od ixy6jo,of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the c io2od k/6x+yg,h4mnjoefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operkk tw 83frl8(cation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezlk83tkwf8cr( er and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice l7 pbzn 1vp)hg/oc0+gmelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes,f65rv,x7rl i3vzg7x m -*yf;ts t .cyy the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP8 6xg /n8i8 h3ypqcukr2wnn9j undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bwy qnnuc93g /6h28 njx8irk p8y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at d+spo18pn 0 c 6uio8jc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.