The process shown on the mo: 9dacnxhu+cw2)v6s. v l*san 6i /xT-V graph is an

  In an isothermal procx+sfxme(py.h1k / 4 l4 yfrei6ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thevjc wc) t6:(nf3:j/c h e4ptukrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original r 2a papbw2x t*3;46kb9q)+lbg hbmkjvolume with no change in its temperature. This processt kqw2 r;b3a4b2jp* amkbh 9+l6gbx p) is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr,b 349k6tcbj vn bu+hxobt ;w0ocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th0,9t buo6b x;n3bt wbcjv 4kh+at compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumeclu7dhs r)2t p-wb c;, during an isothermal process. The final pcrc ,st-l)p2w;7 dub hressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothe rr2 d /e aq-- u2(cd08rsrmso5ulw7bormally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expendedw8 ( l5rrue0s2-daq sodc r7rob/2- um by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the evh a.c +qu8 a)sbd7v(jxent, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This procesvd). 8hb7asq j+xa(uc s is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, u* ltfiz .+.c09levwnvg3f;cli58dr $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is ctm/m k :6enc+iw s8f 22is0rluompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fmnemfcl r:iw60ki +s28u/2t sinal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respe1la(xsjudqq 7 19v /pv:k gi/jcts except that one contains v9gvudi:1(7 q/pjaqjx/sl1 k$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta9:t6 iy9nxz gmins zx 6n:gty 99mi$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is an*dhi 0fgvh 4h:: cgnx(

  In an isobaric process, there rgz9pg)exbly / c:o63mr/3;py r fom7is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam/qb/s4 67io5abk )3kqy tkvqfics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is a (1)+cxwl3hn15 h uym/ ygspqhdded to it. This prcuypg5nh1wl)y ( sxh3+m/hq 1 ocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy3xd 0 rfk0k7mo are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the i0d7 f3omkrk0xnternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagray)w)n od;waz:+dl7c/ bn p sz4m is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cw828g5z2njzhs +kaeb q*6t z uhange in

  When the first law of thermodynam ;gxqnweirrrx 7u*5 32ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as h*8fsigp0na8iou t ( w-eat energy is added to inu( - 8psifot0a* wg8it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfecmx6 /c4u9yrwf upta l1bg(- 2rred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internalpu2wg/c y4fclrba 6xmt9 (-u1 energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics,6a05;r/ cln-b2xz vwoazgau .

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reseqm m u qo7p8bmyn z62a4wub-s:h)(z eud+ r63rrvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reser+f 9g9 53zv i5evc+9xzzfnarqf qk/a6voir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clau 4zqu-,gnho7c sius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one-wxqs9/3(cn tmp+-.vc pjjyj cycle, how much work is done by an en c y(xpj--3ncw+/m .tj9s qjpvgine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio ufuqtaf2 ta/a,4k5ltghk( z:ot72+lyf 2v *gof

  If the theoretical efficiency o y6aop+un4fwsyvmh. /hkz 4:9f a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mush6uyh+ w nyps a/9of44.k :mzvt be

  A Carnot cycle consists of eu(7t) 3 /jt hn./cjm2lyyevk

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of/jhz igwg::w+ the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is de-8:ixtsp dyzs3 :/6pyinngu2 fined as the ratio ofny xn py:sz/is26 du3t:ip8-g

  The coefficient of performance (C x9dn4s(d bq w;o3uo stj.ro*6OP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of 8 o1* yjfhg4szthe water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any2ck ikm (yh0p57uu+fp process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choich5uyf +mp(k7i p0c ku2es applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermmwg+blw ,a* h4a*jm z1odynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude w los +z/o*,sethat

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an p+vgwl ugo 7+mwkk,m.-- * ubiideal gas. What is the chang +im*gpuw7k+omk.bwv ,--ugl e in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J0x, x2n xm.usd7;ry w4.u;xpk pajb5,+i vw vs of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thwx,a;m 0vsw.i,u;27s vruxkx5 .jy+ 4pxpdbne work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pro5skj,lk6o qcon*o8 wd4 ;e1 tdcess is -400 J. What is the change in intern lj1wk6oqs*5 dkdo4t en8o, c;al energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaqs7d6-w0 qgjat(8k tn tically. What is the change in internal energy of the g nt0g wqs8t7d6kqja-( as?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process/y3d; s)7..jh-oi wa t6wg:t cezuhtu while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internalothjd whi7:zs)tye/u-;ta6u3 w.. c g energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy1vy,*+ o6kc+tapph sr26blmb8otv qo. d) tw0 of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the bslaq2t dv obvwo, hp+6p0r.o+ y* mt)k81 6tcwork done?

  In an isochoric process, tc2hhr9 9fd 04 isvsli;he internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t9v2isdh0sc;rih49l f he heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a moe4aubhb:gd;: natomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is dueb: a4d b:h;gone by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constygxv7 rp*ab f)z6-rj.ant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the saj.v6 g7y ra zbpxf*)r-mple?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg ov3fi7 j fn4yg* mh0p4mf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 Jfxrle0:0n 7t i)/ypwxby t11q in each cycle. What is the efficienx )n0try7pxlw:y /tebqf i01 1cy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pecmm9 g9g+4gty5 btu:ry 4bl1i r cycle. How much work does it perm9+ i 4g4gtu5ly1tgcmby9:br form in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an eff. b5xyah xvd23iciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exha53v.xa y 2dxhbust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyc k-2b vo2ima(p5*34 xn4mm qq fnqfj.wle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatjkf 2mbnp442-xqa( mwfoi . v*q3 5qnme the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 47j )yf5,pcronbc;cke*n k8s0s9bp o/2 kcal. Calculate the work d0o9/n ep;jscsp)ykkn b*br ofc,7c5 8one each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built sbu v z/v8yl9;to far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempb v98vtylz/u ;erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has th fwzz+kgw(7n /p tb(/ye following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature kywgfp7 (zb(/ tn +wz/= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foll;5zdoz15sg0vnha wm)1 5 s3wmm gr8tpowing characteristics: combustios5wh1gv g 5t sm5domn10zmp azr);38w n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gz/6r,nvlw,u )mce7daenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow, 19jdzvdqxa7zpf/ u*er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri1gqr-7y/n 7u 0pgqwxwc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficie4:k z8 cx2ouowncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bev95ev a/+bvqp tween+pvb av9/vqe 5 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. tz fs*x1+o t;/s-hqy95 a .xi:xdtlesWhat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperaturof taxdht:l;- tsy x5s+9e./s iz*1qx e of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between u 5rp2qmfa6-:w fytd5$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat frobadxl qfy p -ux0y)u; am14oe.)2me f2- q1ymym the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ in4 mydq) xepa2u;01mba.x)y-qf yul2ye- 1mof to a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat frozpeeygljy k+g9 r8skj4z7s9l,9f+p 7m the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into9sjs,y8klk7+ ezg949le pzfr7 + pjyg a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat frogf:b(ib.l ;i i ddxqx9k4pd /(m the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How4dxl;(x:q bi d9 fii.bp/(dgk much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in1l +0ka m4d . 4b(cxrbgo5fsoc entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropo;izh y5a +ebcmyo/,/ y is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP underj5 h-ot yg01;thj ljz4goes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chang4 jhzj05jgt;1o t l-yhes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at h5yxu: (/-3/ujlc5k jrouc5ryfa up6$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.