The process shown on the T-V graph is anh kb7c7(epua2 w87qqb

  In an isothermal process, there is no changtsrgk5 jx /e+ejw( l*0ac9dj9e in

  When the first law of thecdr.irhtr6j 0-s . d1nx6brp*rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperaturh,zvplyv 02t(5s /n4sftrn8 ke. This 40l8vp t2hn,n/ fy rs(kz5svtprocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thx8b i 6iw0a.1jhbymas2sjv 75 is process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy as0ayb26 ixv 81jhbim5w 7sj.for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothe+2mwb :pa 3xi00v ryhjrmal process. The final prxy:hw rbp0 2vaim0j3 +essure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durw)g2 f m9dmt.fnk30q17se jw fing this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that s3tk.9f2q 0gdm) wf7mnfwej1 expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly comp5u3w q:9l di0nwlt b(sressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proce3d(q5l09ws:tb luiwn ss is

  When the first law ok,itp0 jx5v mnw;.a:6a irpk 3f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during h 5h8gu4 kcg/tan adiabatic process. The final pressure of the u8c g5gk/hh4t gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except / tdu 9jth+d83l,ysi-t gj.bdthat one containsl-hi/gt.9u8yd3btjsd +t,j d $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas idenx:st y xz3y;m p4u1,z;gwa 8rttical in all respects except that one contains myu4r,81p 3atyz ;gtz: x;xsw $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagramji7q fr/cd8y 0atn4t ) is an

  In an isobaric process, thereu/nm43m ,e -autkhd(p is no change in

  When the first law of:mfcvwx7k q.,5 (eg h2 ynofm7 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at c0yf+dq2x2hih onstant pressure as heat is added to it. This process ii2qf+0d2hh xy s

  Ten joules of heat energy arxos-a;:aaf71tgknu d qs3;5mq :)lnfe transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the :)oalq1u;;sn nx-dmga k3fa7fqts:5 gas

  The process shown on the PV diagq4rzg jd ;f5*hram is

  In an isochoric process, ther4qas01a6fnmv bb +4); kx johhe is no change in

  When the first law of th9dcy a8 rjir2- bl5jttdd.g0 6ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thah j4x,d: :xk7y+zusv st cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proc4shzsxvdu7y+ ::xj, kess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are t 53ax1(fob jhiransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energi13fjbh5o x a(y of the gas

State the first law of th5y9ziiuv3a3j *e - ajaermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a :qhnewzip6 8,kaoo qwi -8b o+szi18,cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat fro7u(.m ao r7fqqm a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according toxvx cvz1.klk+f 7:brswu a).5 Clausius.

  A gas is taken throughkv x*n:5y4yz v the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine ope:*5vy xyv 4nkzrating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is d9tkg( b;li)86 qxc; 7aby1 qjt miv5owefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, 5hornyh gdq 0wnk3 1:7the heat sink mustwo1n yg:rk3h7 d q0h5n be

  A Carnot cycle consist qcvqz0d0j- vd/b8c ;zs of

Give the Kelvin-Planck r+px k-01okuqstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COm 0mb tti-,fqzy-f6a;P) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of b,fytia6zm;-tf 0m-q

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump isss/a su2o 4- dr 8idjj26sd-npr qr9y2 defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of thewosgrsn01/cc/ 43qco water

  According to the second law ohs5mbv( 9 et*hf thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices apeb9 hs(v*h m5tplies?

Give a general statement of the seco):l)) lz,zp:x ioruw:c,xx pp nd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concm .4fiv)goj v o7xnf-:lude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed w f8pb3o*zb/6 gr -;dwcu.jbr from an ideal gas. What is the change in inrcwr68;*-b 3u . /dwzgpfbj boternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removee/uzekjzu ++k b(m /j-d from an ideal gas. What is the work m+zuk(-+ j/kzj/eb uedone in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process (e .vbfu6 hj(cis -400 J. What is the cuj6 (v. hf(cbehange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is*qz avry.uf8 7 the change in inf.varuyq *z78ternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is 910ygvvua-su the change in internal energy?vs 1vua -u9g0y

  In an isochoric process, the internal enerr 3 7w8oc6lqc -nm(ujxgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wojru cwx7 c -(lo8q3mn6rk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy y 7+;9be/n eteq;5 unlo6jw.kl kcop :of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchange ke;n7co9/lb t w +5p eq6:ojkenul;.y?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as izm:fap6kw9l1r:r n+ it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is a:a9z+1r:r6wfkinlp mccomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when vdc::5yb1woa co h5vjaz* 3.f831 J of energy is removed from it. Hfc*ozo v. dh15ya3avj::wc 5b ow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg oypu2-2 . tpencf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycc3*s qpir:p d9 1bpb8hle. What is the bid:c8*p3 1pbp9srq h efficiency?

  A heat engine has an effich/h,x / u wlbg)4+mblpfc.19(xbw c tdiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work gbbw pcdhmfu1xl)+,bt(9 . w/hxcl4/ does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hbnm;1 2r uq 9s9hjyg4xeat per cycle. How much heam;u9g9 snqb4 hj1y x2rt does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 1:cyjsu s)ub*kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eajyu: ) subc*s1ch cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculai ,si kh0f+c5tte the work done each cyc0h , ktic+fs5ile.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ch5nad;67k.rnjj jpyc 2aracteristics: combustj cn7 k;pn5j2yrd j.a6ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines b yh(0a1bgx3sfw)/;8h+ 0dthiz sg cxxuilt so far has the following characteristicsxzhhaxh0bsg(t )s;3d y1 8icfgx0/+w: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisg/ bard5bddn -w0f;a4tics: combustdw- /4dagdb 0nr;fba5ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Tiiub/)*f2a :o xdmn. fhe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant gen;y qq9+w6 m1nlgme)pzerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us myyt 4xd+ fdva92)mljm:eg cxw x8q7 ,.)oj:zes $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engin/dfxt5b:00oq+c d toxe which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatink51r5al(hh nfg between(5f1na k5hlr h $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the pfx*xr*s x nhj* 1j:a3temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir 1pj* rjaxnh*fs xx* 3:is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatilvz 09vz(n15yvk o(rrng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rrpw6pi;xih v4ntxz d/ 5s7e,y1b .z9 fate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is v 9ix,;. xz n1ryezh/fb4 65idpw7ps trequired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate ofd 9 j5wys24hqf 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performasyjhf2q w45d9nce?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absn z0fri. ip6e) bn4r+dorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each6 r in 4pefn+i0.drz)b cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50o.t( 9q- 5 gz5 ywwrbnl6o-dgt g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy is*j h q2 3xgpu7n;woeamq5hd,z)t-6c n

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion ants7muj:xal c * ,t8+qfd its entropa+ x8*tf7lj mt:u,qscy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at /623nzoe1yh( r vhcb w$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.