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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 13 temperature and kinetic theory



 作者: admin   总分: 127分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 25年02月16日 19:56  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which has more atoms: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of aluqsyoe5a4twepjg- koi.,+b.1 -9pnu sminum? See the periodic table or Appe4b-,p1tea.sk-nw5p j 9o s ou.gqyei+ndix B.
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Name several properties of materials that couldd:juxa5( y;gac vd73n be exploited to make a thermometer.5a(u cdvg d3yxna7;j :
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which is larger, 1 Cgx 743nf9m+ vg i,lixn $^{\circ} $ or 1 F $^{\circ} $?
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If system A is in thermal equilibrium wii,, kifs3(k:xsp 6y 7nbun u4mth system B, but B is not in thermal equilibrium with system C, what can yo 3xu:fi,s4 yn mu(bsikn,kp67u say about the temperatures of A, B, and C?
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat bimetallic strip consists of aluminum riveted to a strip of iron. Whev i(l9(ajux0.7so 5qgkp .nan9lc ka9n heated, the strip will bend. Which metal will be on the outsid xks90l7u9.a.( i9aaqo5jg vlcpkn (ne of the curve? [Hint: See Table 13–1.] Why?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In the relation $\Delta$L = $\alpha$ $L_0$ $\Delta$T, should $L_0$ be the initial length, the final length, or does it matter? Explain.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The units for the coefficient of line 2 5*u+)a+ja (hyc8kxmcchxx uar expansion $\alpha$ are $(C?)^{-1}$ and there is no mention of a length unit such as meters. Would the expansion coefficient change if we used feet or millimeters instead of meters? Explain.
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Figure 13–27 shows a diagram of a simple thermostat used to control a gg-f56hiz2u rps0i -zfurnace (or other heating or cooling system). The bimetallic strip consists of two strips of different metals bonded together. The electric switch is a glass vessel containing liquid mercury that conducts electricity when it can flow to touch both contact wires. Explain how this device controls the furnace and how it can be set at diffg5zuz-2s hfpr gi-i06erent temperatures.
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Long steam pipes that are fixed at the ends 1j(l-zt zmoc w8j2owwmtf399often have a section in the shape of a 9mo 39mjtfwltcjw2zo8(z 1-w U. Why?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat, uniform cylinder of lead floats in mer ximf6 h *vj)rjg8f++ycury at 0 $^{\circ} $ C. Will the lead float higher or lower when the temperature is raised? Explain.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a cold mercury-in-glass thermometer is first placed in a hot tube vx. lgh: ktg6.)nip,x(oio 2 of water, the mercury initially descends a bilxe.h k g, )6o(.:i novtxpg2it and then rises. Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A glass container may break if one part of it is heated or cooled more ;/ml5(ci -mc:m:zjalco)(x;xo eul irapidly than adjacent parx)l-(o/mi:al cc m c;(m5exul:o ;ijzts. Explain.
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The principal virtue of Pyrexc e7w8;yaq5z t glass is that its coefficient of linear expansion is much smalwqyca8z5 te;7ler than that for ordinary glass (Table 13–1). Explain why this gives rise to the increased heat resistance of Pyrex.

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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will a grandfather clock, a:up*3skcpo/aa 6oh (l yu)gb7ccurate at 20 $^{\circ} $ C, run fast or slow on a hot day (30 $^{\circ} $ C)? Explain. The clock uses a pendulum supported on a long, thin brass rod.
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Freezing a can of soda will cause its f40cg,3+ e kwlgjeq 3ibottom and top to bulge so badly the can will fqljc +gee i3,4gw3k0 not stand up. What has happened?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a gas is rapidly compressed (si 6 delf78dx;f*w9x lpay, by pushing down a piston), its temperature increases. When a gas expands against a piston, it cools. Explain these changes in temperature using the kinetic theory, in particular noting what happens to the momentum of molecule6*idwlx9ld78fx ; f pes when they strike the moving piston.
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will the buoyant force on an aluminum sphere submerged in water increas b e)o-w+9 np;ez2i0fqv pnft9e or decrease if the temperature is ip-i9f20+btn ow)z9vfe np q;e ncreased from 20 $^{\circ} $ C to 40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Charles’s law follows from kineticzx/ i 8xwl/l2ei pa5l) theory and the relation between average kinetic energy and the absolute tem/p 58lllaizex)w2 /i xperature.
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’s law follows in s6j2k.+b1)1w nq f -,zez5m pdrvpgfrom kinetic theory.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
As you go higher in the Earth’s atmosphe l c sm1+dm.rx77dyug(re, the ratio of $N_2$ molecules to $O_2$ molecules increases. Why?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Escape velocity for the Ea a:i+dbbebs 6 6*shr1zrth refers to the minimum speed an object must have to leave the Earth and never return. The escape velocity for the Moon is about one-fifth what it is for the Earth due to the Moon’s smass+ hz6rbi *db:b 1a6eller mass. Explain why the Moon has practically no atmosphere.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at room temperature. What can you iq 6n3qmcb(z(x nfer about the molecular properties of b qq3xc zn(m(6one relative to the other?
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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why a hot humid day is far more uncomfortable tha mfc3h6ef 7ug2n a hot dry day at the same tempef6hem gc23u7f rature.
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24#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible to boil water at room temp ).t:to )*kmzphowizr* mn 2gg/q*3jlerature (20 $^{\circ} $ C) without heating it? Explain.
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25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider two days wh/*3h r hpj*n+r *nrwzphu2)yi en the air temperature is the same but the humidity is different. Whir*jw3 *hh) *h rp+/iznupy2nrch is more dense, the dry air or the humid air at the same T? Explain.
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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why it is dangerous to open the radiator cap t+4vn96wdp vg7unun ae48 yl7of an overheated automobile enn4v4l uu v8d7+79we yn 6gtpangine.
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27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why does exhaled air appear as a little white cloud in the winter (Fig. 13–28)? :kty4pql3yn4w fu 4l:(pp nb6
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28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many atoms are there in a 3.4-gram copsfpq (a0h67qz hqz37 jper penny?   $ \times10^{22}$ atoms of Cu

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does the number of atoms in a 26.5-gram gold ring compar d+ip;kf4. huie to the number in a silver ring ouhpk f4+ i.d;if the same mass?$N_{Au}$ =    $N_{Ag}$

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  “Room temperature” is often taken to be 68°F. What is this on the Celsius s rf+j,bkpqm2j7 h33 sv.v/jjvcale?32mv,+7j/rsf3v khjb q jjv.p   $^{\circ} $ C
(b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1800 $^{\circ} $ C. What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Among the highest and lowest temperatures re ut2j2u6.ysw2o- pwkamyt23o +8nah zcorded are 136 $^{\circ} $F in the Libyan desert and -129 $^{\circ} $F in Antarctica. What are these temperatures on the Celsius scale?high =    $^{\circ} $ C
low =    $^{\circ} $ C

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Celsius scale is what Fahrenheit temperature?    $^{\circ} $ F
(b) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Fahrenheit scale is what Celsius temperature?   $^{\circ} $ C

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33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an alcohol-in-glass thermometer, the alcoholdc12 q/(lmkhepd7o0 a column has length 11.82 cm at 0.0 0e cdo1k2p/ al(7hm dq$^{\circ} $ C and length 22.85 cm at 100.0 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the temperature if the column has length
(a) 16.70 cm,    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) 20.50 cm?    $^{\circ} $ C

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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A concrete highway i +)x7vta a9vq11nqbwx s built of slabs 12 m long (20 $^{\circ} $ C). How wide should the expansion cracks between the slabs be (at 20 $^{\circ} $ C) to prevent buckling if the range of temperature is -30 $^{\circ} $ C to +50 $^{\circ} $ C?    m

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Super Inva$^{TM}$, an alloy of iron and nickel, is a strong material with a very low coefficient of linear expansion [0.2$ \times10^{ -6}$(C?)$^{-1}$]
A 2.0-m-long tabletop made of this alloy is used for sensitive laser measurements where extremely high tolerances are required. How much will this table expand along its length if the temperature increases 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Compare to tabletops made of steel.   $ \times10^{-6 }$ m    $ \times10^{-4 }$ m

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13–29) is built of wrought iron approximately 300 m tall.n,crb b(me1,yp(,*atl:m )qikg lz 8k Estimate how much its height changes betwp, *bl8gml1i(c)kb m:a,,zrknet( yq een July (average temperature of 25°C) and January (average temperature of 2 $^{\circ} $ C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams, and treat the tower as a vertical beam.    m

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger than the rivet holudc5* .9nmnt ye are often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is place.y du m9c5*ntnd in the hole. A steel rivet 1.871 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.869 cm in diameter at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?    $^{\circ} $ C

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of water at 4hfq j.0qx 3te1avdgb1r6 wa 4; $^{\circ} $ C is $ 1\times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is water’s density at 94 $^{\circ} $ C?    kg/$m^3$

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A quartz sphere is 8.75 cm in diameter. What will be its c) nr5anfdi 3-uta+8 ut/mf-mw hange in volume if it is hea-t8ua3/fmumdnn)rft i -5+ wated from 30 $^{\circ} $ C to 200 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{ -2}cm^3$

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350.0 mL of water at l-r-g7 dd x3ew100.0$^{\circ} $ C. If the temperature decreased to 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C, how much water could be added to the glass?    mL

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is observed that 55.50 mL of water,5xt u 8jmal8t at 20 $^{\circ} $ C completely fills a container to the brim. When the container and the water are heated to 60 $^{\circ} $ C, 0.35 g of water is lost. (a) What is the coefficient of volume expansion of the container?    $ \times10^{-5 }$ /$C^0$(b) What is the most likely material of the container? The density of water at 60°C is 0.98324g/ml.

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42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) A brass plug is to be placed in a rin58y l8ew/m hvn1p8h1cejpa6gg made of iron. At 20 $^{\circ} $ C, the diameter of the plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) What if the plug were iron and the ring brass?    $^{\circ} $ C

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43#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a fluid is contained in a long, narrow vessedffc7ur6 3 *ezetrj1;l so it can expand in essentially o16;tudcj zf r3eer*f7ne direction only, show that the effective coefficient of linear expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of volume expansion $\beta$.
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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Show that the changjan c( d+ k+-4np lgwd;4a6dbae in the density $\rho$ of a substance, when the temperature changes by $\Delta$T is given by $\rho$ = -$\beta$$\rho$$\Delta$T
(b) What is the fractional change in density of a lead sphere whose temperature decreases from 25 $^{\circ} $ C to -40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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45#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A uniform rectangulax 0(pe5ymx5r)y0 vfzpr plate of length l and width w has coefficient of linear expansio y0(r5p 0mz)fxvyxep 5n $\alpha$ Show that, if we neglect very small quantities, the change in area of the plate due to a temperature change $\Delta$T is $\Delta$A = 2$\alpha l w$$\Delta$T See Fig. 13–30.

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for an isotropic solido38 27,tpydqnyw 4n ux, $\beta$ = 3$\alpha$ if the amount of expansion is small. $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are the coefficients of volume and linear expansion, respectively. [Hint: Consider a cubical solid, and neglect very small quantities. See also Problem 18 and Fig. 13–30.]

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47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pendulum in a grandfather clock is made ctkpnt-+p;q 1c)1 jxlof brass and keeps perfect time at 1;-c1xk1q)l tj +pcnpt 7 $^{\circ} $ C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 25 $^{\circ} $ C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.)$\approx$    min(Round to the nearest integer)

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) The tube of a mercury thermometer has an inside diameter of 0.mp/ak,m3l6 v/sn o+yh 8o zqa*140 mm. The bulb has a volo h3/ k*aalm8zvn+m/y sqo6, pume of 0.255 $cm^3$ How far will the thread of mercury move when the temperature changes from 11.5 $^{\circ} $ C to 33.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Take into account expansion of the Pyrex glass.    cm(b) Determine a formula for the length of the mercury column in terms of relevant variables. Ignore tube volume compared to bulb volume.

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 23.4-kg solid aluminum cylindricajmep2 wkv: b:c04z+erl wheel of radius 0.41 m is rotating about its axle on frictionless bearings with angularbmp e4w2rk :0:cvj+ez velocity $\omega$ = 32.8 rad/s If its temperature is now raised from 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C to 75.0 $^{\circ} $ C, what is the fractional change in $\omega$?   

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum bar has the desired length w2ptg5dv 1e(rlt u;m/: (jcoguhen at 15°C. How much stress is required to keep itt(u5g;e(u2/ j:l1 pogdrctm v at this length if the temperature increases to 35 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{7 }$ N/$m^2$

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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) A horizontal steel I-beam of cross-sec ) e pa/6y 8ifn 8i9(o(lcg:kmyyx)ntktional area 0.041$m^2$ is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 30$^{\circ} $ C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to -30 $^{\circ} $ C (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13$m^2$ Will it fracture?
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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A barrel of diameter 134.122 cm atzz9jx9.d0)zh0f f ukax-y ,hi 20$^{\circ} $ C is to be enclosed by an iron band. The circular band has an inside diameter of 134.110 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C. It is 7.4 cm wide and 0.65 cm thick.
(a) To what temperature must the band be heated so that it will fit over the barrel? $\approx$   $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) What will be the tension in the band when it cools to 20$^{\circ} $ C?    N

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What are the following tempqi :gnn yg*:-xsp 3w+)x mlhi2eratures on the Kelvin scale:
(a) 86$^{\circ} $ C,    K
(b) 78$^{\circ} $F,    K
(c) -100$^{\circ} $C    K
(d) 5500°C,    K
(e) -459$^{\circ} $F    K

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Absolute zero is what temperat k5i8a wp8w2wgfeqe*,ure on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Typical temperatures sgyx.ed 7mra6 p ps:((,-esbt in the interior of the Earth and Sun are about 4000$^{\circ} $ C and $ \times10^{6 }$ $^{\circ} $ C respectively.
(a) What are these temperatures in kelvins?    K    $ \times10^{ 6}$K
(b) What percent error is made in each case if a person forgets to change $^{\circ} $ C to K? $\approx$    %(Round to the nearest integer) $\approx$    %(Round to three decimal places)

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56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 3 $m^2$ of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 38.0$^{\circ} $ C. What is the volume?    $m^3$

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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an internal combustion engine, air at atmosb*y(-ko/tp- ssg l ,n+n)k szapheric pressure and a temperature of about kg,)(nbn p --zsks/ ays*+olt 20$^{\circ} $C is compressed in the cylinder by a piston to $\frac{1}{9}$ of its original volume (compression ratio = 9.0). Estimate the temperature of the compressed air, assuming the pressure reaches 40 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the density of obhop v x qg;7vh,+j g3kw7u+o4xygen at STP using the ideal gas law.    kg/$m^3$

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank contains 21.6 kg of nitro;z6d+vr:se )sprzyi:v (;w v mgen ($N_2$) at an absolute pressure of 3.65 atm. What will the pressure be if the nitrogen is replaced by an equal mass of $CO_2$    atm

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank at STP contains 18.5 kg of nitrogen nle v2.:z zljk/*j.l3giga q:($N_2$)
(a) What is the volume of the tank? $\approx$   $m^3$(“Round to one decimal places)
(b) What is the pressure if an additional 15.0 kg of nitrogen is added without changing the temperature?    $ \times10^{5 }$Pa    atm

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 18.75 mol of helium ga xtx; m 7c ae0)7p ho3msxrkzgac.b..*s is at 10.0$^{\circ} $C and a gauge pressure of 0.350 atm, (a) calculate the volume of the helium gas under these conditions.    $m^3$
(b) Calculate the temperature if the gas is compressed to precisely half the volume at a gauge pressure of 1.00 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the pressure inside a 35.0-L container holding 105.0 kg of argt: m/0 tf:bybzon gas at 385 : t0ybf /mtbz:K?   $ \times10^{ 8}$Pa

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tank contains 26.0ma bt66n) 4efy kg of $O_2$ gas at a gauge pressure of 8.70 atm. If the oxygen is replaced by helium, how many kilograms of the latter will be needed to produce a gauge pressure of 7.00 atm?    kg He

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A hot-air balloon achieves its buoyaime (6oll7:qbnt lift by heating the air inside the balloon, which makes it less dense than the air outside. Suppose to 6liq7le :m(bhe volume of a balloon is 1800 $m^3$ and the required lift is 2700 N (rough estimate of the weight of the equipment and passenger). Calculate the temperature of the air inside the balloon which will produce the required lift. Assume that the outside air temperature is 0 $^{\circ} $ C and that air is an ideal gas under these conditions. What factors limit the maximum altitude attainable by this method for a given load? (Neglect variables like wind.) $\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tire is filled with air at e:v7ka w,ih3j 15 $^{\circ} $ C to a gauge pressure of 220 kPa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 38 $^{\circ} $ C, what fraction of the original air must be removed if the original pressure of 220 kPa is to be maintained?    %

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 61.5 L of oxygen at 18vpk/zn /-v py s(ngt 5qj/e*w(0oh8pt.0 $^{\circ} $ C and an absolute pressure of 2.45 atm are compressed to 48.8 L and at the same time the temperature is raised to 50.0°C, what will the new pressure be?    atm

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A helium-filled balloon escapes a child’s hand at sea level and 2iag3j79 / ,iqlod ta6mb j*x6j0.0 $^{\circ} $ C. When it reaches an altitude of 3000 m, where the temperature is 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C and the pressure is only 0.70 atm, how will its volume compare to that at sea level?    times the original volume

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the number of molecules /h(( ijqq f9zm:j,d(dv $m^3$ in an ideal gas at STP.    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules /$m^3$

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many moles of water aop*nq9eoy ,zfu/g1d2 7a.+ggoa 8hf nre there in 1.000 L? How many molecules?    mol    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of (atdf; 1fh9c ef8 ,9utcj) moles,    $ \times10^{22 }$ moles and (b) molecules of water in all the Earth’s oceans. Assume water covers 75% of the Earth to an average depth of 3 km. $\approx$    $ \times10^{46 }$ molecules

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cubic box of volume /ugyx:m 77o xkmv 7ih.5.1$ \times10^{ -2}m^3$ is filled with air at atmospheric pressure at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. The box is closed and heated to 180 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the net force on each side of the box?    N

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate how many molecules of air are in each 2.0-L breat d/luq o6m 8rp,gipv(.r/(nm eh you inhale that were also in the last breath eg// mlrqnm6p,o idp.((r 8 uvGalileo took. [Hint: Assume the atmosphere is about 10 km high and of constant density.]   $\frac{molecules}{breath}$

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73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the average translational kinzc1phxgwa 64- etic energy of an oxygen molecule at STP4wa g p61xczh-?    $ \times10^{-21 }$ J
(b) What is the total translational kinetic energy of 2.0 mol of $O_2$ molecules at 20 $^{\circ} $ C?   $ \times10^{3 }$ J

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the rms speed of helium atoms near the surface of the Sun ai( 1+sgcqpxfm,,.tjs ,ud7l at a temperature of about ( 1sptqxm,lafud g 7i.s,jc+,6000 K.    m/s

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By what factor will the rms speed of ityen1i :u0i *gas molecules increase if the temperature is increased uyie ini1*0:tfrom 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 100 $^{\circ} $ C?   

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must it be raised to double the rms speed of its molecules?    $^{\circ} $ C

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Twelve molecules have the folrul3o5su 7zyn hh3h i;cee ye e7-2(1plowing speeds, given in units of km/s: 6, 2, 4, 6, 0, 4, 1, 8, 5, 3, 7, and eh(;reul32e ohi-u1y e7p75y3zhcn s8. Calculate the rms speed. $v_{rms}$ =    km/s

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The rms speed of moleculero ooo 1-lj+;bs in a gas at 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C is to be increased by 1.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?    $^{\circ} $ C

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure of a gas is doubled while its volume is held constan;lfd ob5ao0,j7 by*wat, by what faoyab *, flbajod70;5 wctor does $v_{rms}$ change?   

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80#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the rms speed of molecules in a unrhg3i54j3m qg44c sgas is given by $v_{rms}$ = $\sqrt{3P\\rho}$ where P is the pressure in the gas, and $\rho$ is the gas density.
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81#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for a mixture of two gases at the same temperature, the ratio of thei g *.-(kdttc-hz lg,for rms speeds is equal to the inverse ratio of the square roots of their molecular-l*o ,kg dtct-(.h fgz masses.
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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules con: h*iw go5b8k5jxug -btained in an 8.5$-m^3$ volume at 2.1 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1300 mol?    m/s

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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate (a) the rms speed of an oxygen molecule aj:2l2in/a hmzr6 urh.t 0 $^{\circ} $ C    m/s
(b) determine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 7.0-m-long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.    round trips per sec

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average distance between nitrogenbcwzsevd;2 / h0a,rcwfmv)+6 molecules at STP?    $ \times10^{-9 }$m

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid whose molealf(;sm8 , mvgcular mass is 89 u in a living cel;lafm gm ,v8s(l at 37 $^{\circ} $ C.    m/s
(b) What would be the rms speed of a protein of molecular mass 50,000 u at 37 $^{\circ} $ C?    m/s

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86#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the pressure P of a gas can be writteggatu, ( d5,esn P = $\frac(1)(3)\rho v^2$ where $\rho$ is the density of the gas and v is the rms speed of the molecules.
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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The two isotopes of uranzni3i4 -z rn7nium, $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U (the superscripts refer to their atomic mass), can be separated by a gas-diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound UF$_6$ Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T.   

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88#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) At atmospheric pre3lz+tho60 g osb-cg*s ssure, in what phases can $CO_2$ exist? (b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can $CO_2$ be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–21.
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89#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Water is in which phase when the pressure is 0.018eeqa cg vs m6ems)-19 atm and the temperature is (a) 90e1e8)mqm9ca e s-6svg $^{\circ} $ C, (b) -20 $^{\circ} $ C.
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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the dew point (approximately) if the humin h* 1remn,:h6ve*xj alw 6ak6(d0aubdity is 50% on a day when the temperature is *6eanv h(nx6u1d: ,*bmreh0ljkw 6aa25 $^{\circ} $ C?$\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the air pressure axt)9n+rfl u5mat7 (3pmv3hhvt a place where water boils at 90 $^{\circ} $ C?    torr    Pa    atm

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the air pressure at a particuses . mucr lqe)pzxx97a9 6+0hlar place in the mountains is 0.72 atm, estimate the temperature at whilsxp6ex aum.s979e hqc r)z 0+ch water boils. $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the temperature on a day when the parwqv6ow h )e6l pxc9*cu)5kmi:tial pressure of water is 530 Pa and the reok q)5icmh:wv wx* 6)6e9lcuplative humidity is 40%? $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the partial pressure of water on a da tv+lp,0z b psc*7yrbs a,j*+l1j8ppvy when the temperature is 25 $^{\circ} $ C and the relative humidity is 35%?    Pa

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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the approximate pressure inside a pressure cooker if the water is bo v*5lj.b f n4pdjz i40vnip+6ztlr52wiling at a tempedjz6+5f04it p5* rn4i wpllz.v2 jnvbrature of 120 $^{\circ} $ C? Assume no air escaped during the heating process, which started at 20 $^{\circ} $ C.    atm

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the humidity in a room of volum,sv:jygesrk g4m58t3 stz 5j5e 680$m^3$ at 25 $^{\circ} $ C is 80%, what mass of water can still evaporate from an open pan?    kg

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Air that is at its dew point ofep-)tzuc* l69zngx.cb av5pu uv2 *n3 5 $^{\circ} $ C is drawn into a building where it is heated to 25. What will be the relative humidity at this temperature? Assume constant pressure of 1.0 atm. Take into account the expansion of the air.    %

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the time needed for a glycif phyx+)w)0ke it6/uine molecule (see Table 13–4) to diffuse a distance of 15 )fuiy+h)e wktpx /i6 0$\mu m$ in water at 20$^{\circ} $ C if its concentration varies over that distance from 1 mol/$m^3$ to 0.4 mol/$m^3$ Compare this “speed” to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u. t $\approx$    s ([color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)]Round to one decimal places) $v_{diffuse}$    $ \times10^{ -5}$ m/s
$v_{rms}$    m/s


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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen diffuses from the surface o-i(/mg6;gzz g 0v jxyj6xrqm9f insects to the interior through tiny tubes called tracheae. An average trachea is about 2 mm long and ha6zvymj;g z jxi6x9(g-q r/gm0s cross-sectional area of $ 2\times10^{-9 } m^2$ Assuming the concentration of oxygen inside is half what it is outside in the atmosphere,
(a) show that the concentration of oxygen in the air (assume 21% is oxygen) at 20$^{\circ} $ C is about 8.7 mol/$m^3$ then $\approx$    mol/$m^3$(Round to one decimal places)
(b) calculate the diffusion rate J,    $ \times10^{-11 }$ mol/s
(c) estimate the average time for a molecule to diffuse in. Assume the diffusion constant is $ 1\times10^{-5 } m^2/s$    s

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape measure has bgfdzp6mid re 6a/d 8drzk5/ .:een calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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101#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape mk5v,r2vx * erieasure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Pyrex measuring cup was calibrated at norm uoi nmm-+e2pxeyhok (6:;y3nal room temperature. How much error will be made in a recipe calling for 300 mL of cool water, if the water and the cup me+(ih eo2 nun3y po- x;:kym6are hot, at 80$^{\circ} $C, instead of at 20$^{\circ} $C? Neglect the glass expansion.$\approx$    ml

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103#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The gauge pressure in a helium gas cylinder is initially k ;qvik+wot;) 28 atm. After many balloons have been blown up, the gauge pressure has decreased to 5 atm. What fracok vtik;)+ wq;tion of the original gas remains in the cylinder?   

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104#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of air molecules eys; lx17.rxu 0wff*pxk q* w+in a room of length 6.5 m, width 3.1 m, and height 2.5 m. Assume thkx.r7x1pf + w*sle* wf ;yx0que temperature is 22$^{\circ} $C. How many moles does that correspond to?    $\times10^{27 }$ molecules    moles

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In outer space the dcx*sg7cs rfz031l ; d uam:vp-ensity of matter is about one atom per $cm^3$ mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.7 K. Calculate the rms speed of these hydrogen atoms, and the pressure (in atmospheres).$v_{rms}$ =    m/s    $ \times10^{-22 }$ atm

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106#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The lowest pressure attainable using the best available vacuu7 9cx v1miu0y8jvylh/m techniques is abouvmvixy0j yu79 c8 1h/lt $10^{-12} N/m^2$ At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $cm^3$ at 0$^{\circ} $C?    $\frac{molecules}{cm^3}$

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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a scuba diver fills his lungs to full capacity of 5.5 L when 10 m below9 p.o2djgau9x tsb sz;rv5- 8z the surface, to what volume would his lungs expand if he quicpxzgt5s9.2b 8rjdozs vu9; -akly rose to the surface? Is this advisable?    L

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A space vehicle returning from the Moon enters Eartj e89m7 yhrg- nur8ecrww+z4( h’s atmosphere at a speed of about 40,000 km/h Molecules (assume nitrogen) striking the nose of the vehicle with this speed correspond to what temperature? (Because of this high temperature, the nose of a space vehicle must be made of special materials; indeed, part of it does vaporize, and7u8 +mgwzwj-h ec(r8y9rnre 4 this is seen as a bright blaze upon reentry.)    K

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109#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from p3+9t w.vr de:jxfj4 m110$^{\circ} $C to 360$^{\circ} $C while the volume and the number of moles stay constant. By what factor does the pressure change? By what factor does $v_{rms}$ change?$\frac{P_2}{P_1}$ =    $\frac{(v_{rms})_2}{(v_{rms})_1}$ =   

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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A house has a volume of 770/l;p-e v+n: 0zmilwj)v5 kcblzh4hq 2m$^2$ (a) What is the total mass of air inside the house at 20$^{\circ} $C?    kg
(b) If the temperature drops to -10$^{\circ} $C what mass of air enters or leaves the house?    kg

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  From the known value of atmospheric pressure at the surface of t rbvyat(g9- x57nk 1gkhe Earth, estimate the total number of air molecules in the Ear k(-5t9 g r7nvkgbyx1ath’s atmosphere.    $ \times10^{44 }$ molecules

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112#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules contained in a 7.6 +:lfp1c-vhpl7(bvf : c8u kaa+xnd,m $-m^3$ volume at 4.2 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1800 mol?    m/s

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113#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A standard cylinder of oxygen used in a hospital has gauge pressure = 2y:pa:5hp:yrs no u* t*000 psi (13,800 kPa) and at T = 259K Ho oa::t 5*p:nhryup*syw long will the cylinder last if the flow rate, measured at atmospheric pressure, is constant at 2.4 L/min. $\approx$    hour

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114#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An iron cube floats in a :z5y7 ucljh,qa gw1j.bowl of liquid mercury at 0$^{\circ} $C. (a) If the temperature is raised to 25$^{\circ} $C, will the cube float higher or lower in the mercury? 
(b) By what percent will the fraction of volume submerged change?    %

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115#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of gasoline f lty,c(xir9g-gsc9ut h12 (xat 0$^{\circ} $C is 0.68$ \times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is the density on a hot day, when the temperature is 38$^{\circ} $C?    kg/$m^3$
What is the percentage change?    %

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116#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a steel band were to fit v vi7 iz/ur3-psnugly around the Earth’s equator at 25$^{\circ} $C, but then was heated to 45$^{\circ} $C, how high above the Earth would the band be (assume equal everywhere)?    m

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117#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A brass lid screws tightljhv1 1kpty7l:)srm* 8zf 9df4nnb1mmy onto a glass jar at 20$^{\circ} $C. To help open the jar, it can be placed into a bath of hot water. After this treatment, the temperatures of the lid and the jar are both 60$^{\circ} $C. The inside diameter of the lid is 8.0 cm at 20$^{\circ} $C. Find the size of the gap (difference in radius) that develops by this procedure.    cm

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118#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The first length standu *yjq:(nevv7 ard, adopted in the 18$^{th}$ century, was a platinum bar with two very fine marks separated by what was defined to be exactly 1 m. If this standard bar was to be accurate to within $\pm1.0 \mu m$ how carefully would the trustees have needed to control the temperature? The coefficient of linear expansion for platinum is $ 9\times10^{ -6}C/^{-1}$. $\pm$ =    C$^{\circ} $

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119#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba tank, when fully charged, has a pressur: x9.pg- c7eb fcl4hsve of 195 atm at 20$^{\circ} $C. The volume of the tank is 11.3 L.
(a) What would the volume of the air be at 1.00 atm and at the same temperature?    L
(b) Before entering the water, a person consumes 2.0 L of air in each breath, and breathes 12 times a minute. At this rate, how long would the tank last?    min
(c) At a depth of 20.0 m of sea water and temperature of 10$^{\circ} $C, how long would the same tank last assuming the breathing rate does not change?    min

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120#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The escape speed from the Earthrlvow39w 2d lz0z7h1t/h*r hx is $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$ so a gas molecule travelling away from Earth near the outer boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed, be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field. At what temperature is the average speed of
(a) oxygen molecules,    $ \times10^{5 }$K
(b) helium atoms equal to $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$    $ \times10^{4}$K
(c) Can you see why our atmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?

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121#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 1.0-kg trash-can lid is suspended against gravity b/*(p+;5oiqa2f iu)u3 vtewi ii-a k bvy tennis balls thrown vertically upward iu(vv+i3/q; k-ib*i )uoapwe ai5 tf2at it. How many tennis balls per second must rebound from the lid elastically, assuming they have a mass of 0.060 kg and are thrown at 12m/s   balls/s

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122#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba diver releases a 3 f/7rv0 i9 0xmzvh7lvk.00-cm-diameter (spherical) bubble of air from a depth of 14.0 m in a lake. Assume the temperaturelh/v x0v7 ri 7zfmv09k is constant at 298 K, and the air behaves as a perfect gas. How large is the bubble when it reaches the surface?    cm

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123#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the total water vapor pressure in the air on the following two d t15jl vtf-blzoa.21zays: .bvjtl-f1z z2tlo 51a
(a) a hot summer day, with the temperature 30$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 40%;    Pa
(b) a cold winter day, with the temperature 5$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 80%.    Pa

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124#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sauna has 7$m^3$ of air volume, and the temperature is 90$^{\circ} $C. The air is perfectly dry. How much water (in kg) should be evaporated if we want to increase the relative humidity from 0% to 10%? (See Table 13–3.)    kg


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125#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the percent differencrd r zl4:kky85e in the density of iron at STP, and when it is a solid deep inr 8zk:yrk 5d4l the Earth where the temperature is 2000$^{\circ} $C and under 5000 atm of pressure. Assume the bulk modulus (90$\times 10^9N/m^2$) and the coefficient of volume expansion do not vary with temperature and are the same as at STP.    %  

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126#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Use the ideal gas law to se mwp0xxxwy*dc ,b8 +r2k+ l9hhow that, for an ideal gas at constant pressure, the coefficient of voludlxx 0+wyp r9bxmwh8,c e2+ *kme expansion is equal to $\beta$ = 1/T where T is the temperature in kelvins. Compare to Table 13–1 for gases at T = 293K (b) Show that the bulk modulus (Section 9–5) for an ideal gas held at constant temperature is B = P where P is the pressure.
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127#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In humid climates, people constantly dehumidify their cellars to prevent r s l*:m/hi/yx.vhevya:)+ grpot andg*rv i+ ::).leyxv/sm ha y/hp mildew. If the cellar in a house (kept at 20$^{\circ} $C) has 95 $m^2$ of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.8 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 30%?    kg

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