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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 13 temperature and kinetic theory



 作者: admin   总分: 127分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 02月16日 19:56  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which has more atoms: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of aluminum? See the p ktm)v q3gc,:7dms8i k 3;ivoueriodic table or gidtuk7qkv ; ci3v:, )oms3m8Appendix B.
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Name several propertiesj(w8p7t l5d- d v(zhyp of materials that could be exploited to make a thermometv ( 7-(zpdtyldhj8wp 5er.
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which is larger, 1 C:r) 5t crsq.yf $^{\circ} $ or 1 F $^{\circ} $?
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B, but B is not in twf0yn8o e8 l1zhermal equilibrium with system C, what can you say about the temperatures8nyl81f ow0 ze of A, B, and C?
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat bimetallic strip consists of aluminum riveted to a strip d v;0nrhr dwzle,nfrb5q -/72 of iron. When heatedhzb l -n/fv5nr 7we 0rd,rqd;2, the strip will bend. Which metal will be on the outside of the curve? [Hint: See Table 13–1.] Why?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In the relation $\Delta$L = $\alpha$ $L_0$ $\Delta$T, should $L_0$ be the initial length, the final length, or does it matter? Explain.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The units for the co5h.brk9 pqg( qefficient of linear expansion $\alpha$ are $(C?)^{-1}$ and there is no mention of a length unit such as meters. Would the expansion coefficient change if we used feet or millimeters instead of meters? Explain.
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Figure 13–27 shows a diagram of a simple thermostat usj4 lf(6xb xwoab)dm5. ed to control a furnace (or other heating or cooling system). The bimetallic strip consists of two strips of diff5a b)b6ol4wmx. d( xjferent metals bonded together. The electric switch is a glass vessel containing liquid mercury that conducts electricity when it can flow to touch both contact wires. Explain how this device controls the furnace and how it can be set at different temperatures.
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Long steam pipes that are fixed at the ends often haverp-y1-;pb 4ewxw z( d/-uypji a section in the shape of a U. Why?bzpuy -ip(we-w; /-x dpr1j4y
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat, uniform cylinder of lead floats in mercury at 0 b2tmnn:sx,po-/c +vj $^{\circ} $ C. Will the lead float higher or lower when the temperature is raised? Explain.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a cold mercury-in-glass thermometer is f4 k:c3za7 mk-1mv;s jv wwvv.hirst placed in a hot tub of water, the mercury initially descends ahk1av.; -v4m wws k:j3czv7vm bit and then rises. Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A glass container may break if one part of it is heated tqqc) dr v*lb4(.z2gcor cooled more rapidly than adjacent parts. qt*d(v4ccbzrq)2g .l Explain.
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The principal virtue of Pyrex glass is that its coeffici;,q-lm frh)kuent of linear expansion is much smaller than that for ordinary glass (Table 13–1). Explain whuq -)m lhrk,f;y this gives rise to the increased heat resistance of Pyrex.

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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will a grandfather clock, accuww0 d:vq3 -lxubf 13hp)krlx 0rate at 20 $^{\circ} $ C, run fast or slow on a hot day (30 $^{\circ} $ C)? Explain. The clock uses a pendulum supported on a long, thin brass rod.
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Freezing a can of sogxi ,uu2a c(q5da will cause its bottom and top to bulge so badly the can will not stand up. What has hau,i 2q5xg (acuppened?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pushing down a piston), its temperal 8/n6 mc+b-bksnhc6g i6 zpb*ture increases. When a gas expands against a piston, it cools. Explain these changes in temperature using the kinetic thegki h6/bzs pb6-nc+6mb c n8*lory, in particular noting what happens to the momentum of molecules when they strike the moving piston.
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will the buoyant force on an aluminum spherex;(f-mbg tnla(a c 7ii,qm 74i submerged in water increase or decrease if the temperature is increased from 24qam(i-7ibt g7 ixmncl fa;,( 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Charles’s laweqo) n qe ti;7a-g5mo0 follows from kinetic theory and the relation between average kinetic energy-50o)me;tnqage o iq7 and the absolute temperature.
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’s law followi-d*fe,)4d)wa et9a u j uk4vhs from kinetic theory.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
As you go higher in the Earth’s r/ iy(rt7a;uqiez1w sf (bi7, atmosphere, the ratio of $N_2$ molecules to $O_2$ molecules increases. Why?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the minimum speed an object must hc4rh8hr4p w;( u8leycave to leave the Earth and never return. The escape velocity for the Moon is about one-fifth what it is for the Earth due to the Moon’s smaller mass. Explain why the Moon has practically no atmos8eup;y44rh8lc (cw hrphere.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Alcohol evaporates morxj- ) l6rj;x:sr anz-re quickly than water at room temperature. What can you infer about the molecular propertiea- :xjs ;-jnz rrlxr)6s of one relative to the other?
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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why a hot humid day is far more uncomfzx9:z 2y) u)ksb:swnbif)1asl 3 eq(kortable than a hot dry day at the samesk)b2z9)siy uw :(q z1n)askl f3b :xe temperature.
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24#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible to boil water at room temperature (2:d91g21qo* uq rwncsd 0 $^{\circ} $ C) without heating it? Explain.
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25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider two days when the air temperature is the same but the humidity is dm f. lbj y/kc/3+jau.giffe .aucfljy3/gm+ k/bj .rent. Which is more dense, the dry air or the humid air at the same T? Explain.
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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why it is dangerous to open the radiator cap of an overhe.0: 3 b-:koj:disny*wejbcvfated automobile engineo *0 dfw:3ecb-yvb.:jkj ns:i.
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27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why does exhaled air appear a3hng2u he()hr s a little white cloud in the winter (Fig. 13–28)?
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28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many atoms are there in a 3.o qtuga4c9g ,c0kwg1o6*cr l3 4-gram copper penny?   $ \times10^{22}$ atoms of Cu

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does the number of atoms in a 26.5-gram gold rek/ch:f 3p :jn *fsb2ning compare to the number in a silver ring of the same cnh2k3*fb:s/ :j fnpemass?$N_{Au}$ =    $N_{Ag}$

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  “Room temperature” is often taken to be 68°F. What is ro0 cgsewqo-8g .1fh1this on the Celsius scale?g r 8e.cfh1-1gos o0wq   $^{\circ} $ C
(b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1800 $^{\circ} $ C. What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Among the highest and lc9y efw6 at5n;owest temperatures recorded are 136 $^{\circ} $F in the Libyan desert and -129 $^{\circ} $F in Antarctica. What are these temperatures on the Celsius scale?high =    $^{\circ} $ C
low =    $^{\circ} $ C

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Celsius scale is what Fahrenheit temperature?    $^{\circ} $ F
(b) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Fahrenheit scale is what Celsius temperature?   $^{\circ} $ C

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33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an alcohol-in-glass thermometer, the alcohog8 8l/urjdp p 48tdyk9*q.gool column has length 11.82 cm at 0.d /pjgqto8.8 8rgk*o u d4py9l0 $^{\circ} $ C and length 22.85 cm at 100.0 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the temperature if the column has length
(a) 16.70 cm,    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) 20.50 cm?    $^{\circ} $ C

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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A concrete highway is built of slabsxfswo ;l2f2h (bh, )k jxbugkf01t,2f 12 m long (20 $^{\circ} $ C). How wide should the expansion cracks between the slabs be (at 20 $^{\circ} $ C) to prevent buckling if the range of temperature is -30 $^{\circ} $ C to +50 $^{\circ} $ C?    m

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Super Inva$^{TM}$, an alloy of iron and nickel, is a strong material with a very low coefficient of linear expansion [0.2$ \times10^{ -6}$(C?)$^{-1}$]
A 2.0-m-long tabletop made of this alloy is used for sensitive laser measurements where extremely high tolerances are required. How much will this table expand along its length if the temperature increases 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Compare to tabletops made of steel.   $ \times10^{-6 }$ m    $ \times10^{-4 }$ m

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13–29) is built of wrought iron appp 7l , qdfclt/y8tw78troximately 300 m tall. Estimate how much its height changes between July (average temp8ctw/7q 7l tf,y 8dptlerature of 25°C) and January (average temperature of 2 $^{\circ} $ C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams, and treat the tower as a vertical beam.    m

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger than tvyi;e) 5pku4uhe rivet hole are often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.871 cm in diameter is to bepyu5ui 4; kve) placed in a hole 1.869 cm in diameter at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?    $^{\circ} $ C

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of water at 4 pla6lr 0wg;c ay4wd2q 55 31pv4syzvd$^{\circ} $ C is $ 1\times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is water’s density at 94 $^{\circ} $ C?    kg/$m^3$

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A quartz sphere is 8.75 cm in diamet7 ) bqnagpv(9ner. What will be its change in volume if it is heated f 9gq7v(an)nb prom 30 $^{\circ} $ C to 200 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{ -2}cm^3$

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350.0 mL of water at 100ygm* 44vyqw0(.h z gmg.0$^{\circ} $ C. If the temperature decreased to 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C, how much water could be added to the glass?    mL

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is observed that 552 prvjy+b2+w u.50 mL of water at 20 $^{\circ} $ C completely fills a container to the brim. When the container and the water are heated to 60 $^{\circ} $ C, 0.35 g of water is lost. (a) What is the coefficient of volume expansion of the container?    $ \times10^{-5 }$ /$C^0$(b) What is the most likely material of the container? The density of water at 60°C is 0.98324g/ml.

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42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) A brass plug is to be pt jl7bflj72av(*wjd (fa0sn, laced in a ring made of iron. At 20 $^{\circ} $ C, the diameter of the plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) What if the plug were iron and the ring brass?    $^{\circ} $ C

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43#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a fluid is contained in a long, narrow vessel so it can expand in essen- 3bbat+oes4 d, vi:0v ulru*stially one direction only, show that the effective coefficient of linear expansion is approximately iu-4:eu svob+a l*vdsrt3,0b equal to the coefficient of volume expansion $\beta$.
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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Show that the changevf4ax 0d -1a)ie8u), mxlqxkf in the density $\rho$ of a substance, when the temperature changes by $\Delta$T is given by $\rho$ = -$\beta$$\rho$$\Delta$T
(b) What is the fractional change in density of a lead sphere whose temperature decreases from 25 $^{\circ} $ C to -40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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45#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A uniform rectangular plate of length l and width tx;1v*g- g,o)b:w ankuf;e1 ly ydv2 sw has coefficient of linear expans n1d sv u;t*o1 fklabw2y)ex- vg;g,y:ion $\alpha$ Show that, if we neglect very small quantities, the change in area of the plate due to a temperature change $\Delta$T is $\Delta$A = 2$\alpha l w$$\Delta$T See Fig. 13–30.

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for an isotropia); q 5 rvvf+buj0hx9dc solid, $\beta$ = 3$\alpha$ if the amount of expansion is small. $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are the coefficients of volume and linear expansion, respectively. [Hint: Consider a cubical solid, and neglect very small quantities. See also Problem 18 and Fig. 13–30.]

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47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pendulum in a grandfather clock is made of (o p3ckk. b+tfbrass and keeps perfect time at 17 kt.fk(+p3oc b $^{\circ} $ C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 25 $^{\circ} $ C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.)$\approx$    min(Round to the nearest integer)

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) The tube of a mercury thermometer has an inside diameter of 0.1i+l .)go1wrx g40 mm. The bulb has a voliogx 1l g+)wr.ume of 0.255 $cm^3$ How far will the thread of mercury move when the temperature changes from 11.5 $^{\circ} $ C to 33.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Take into account expansion of the Pyrex glass.    cm(b) Determine a formula for the length of the mercury column in terms of relevant variables. Ignore tube volume compared to bulb volume.

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 23.4-kg solid aluminum cylindrical wheel of dpcae wl2i plhd- :t)eq591w/ radius 0.41 m is rotating about its axle on frictionless b -d 9 2p/qw tdel):helawci1p5earings with angular velocity $\omega$ = 32.8 rad/s If its temperature is now raised from 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C to 75.0 $^{\circ} $ C, what is the fractional change in $\omega$?   

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum bar has the desired len )gj6zo(p,pam 7e3xjkgth when at 15°C. How much stress is required to keep it at this length if the temperature increaoe,p76g axm(j p)z3kj ses to 35 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{7 }$ N/$m^2$

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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) A horizontal steel I-beam of cross-sectional are2y8) xfiyzo7y36agg ax)k)w5 eo u 1vpa 0.041$m^2$ is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 30$^{\circ} $ C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to -30 $^{\circ} $ C (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13$m^2$ Will it fracture?
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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A barrel of diameter 134.122 cm at 24n0 x+/ yoxfa vcj)j1bp9uyn(0$^{\circ} $ C is to be enclosed by an iron band. The circular band has an inside diameter of 134.110 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C. It is 7.4 cm wide and 0.65 cm thick.
(a) To what temperature must the band be heated so that it will fit over the barrel? $\approx$   $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) What will be the tension in the band when it cools to 20$^{\circ} $ C?    N

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What are the followi3 .,n1v ihluzq7qw2n cng temperatures on the Kelvin scale:
(a) 86$^{\circ} $ C,    K
(b) 78$^{\circ} $F,    K
(c) -100$^{\circ} $C    K
(d) 5500°C,    K
(e) -459$^{\circ} $F    K

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Absolute zero is what temperature on the Fahrenheit scalb7 p .c2qt;*iyhmqz l9e?    $^{\circ} $ F

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Typical temperatures in the interior of the Earth and Sun are aboutik qiloz( +lp1l(s dwl,6(g9n 4000$^{\circ} $ C and $ \times10^{6 }$ $^{\circ} $ C respectively.
(a) What are these temperatures in kelvins?    K    $ \times10^{ 6}$K
(b) What percent error is made in each case if a person forgets to change $^{\circ} $ C to K? $\approx$    %(Round to the nearest integer) $\approx$    %(Round to three decimal places)

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56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 3 $m^2$ of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 38.0$^{\circ} $ C. What is the volume?    $m^3$

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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an internal combustion engine, air at atmospheric pressure and a temperature cold1 b4n9s2gof about 2gldoc49b1 2ns0$^{\circ} $C is compressed in the cylinder by a piston to $\frac{1}{9}$ of its original volume (compression ratio = 9.0). Estimate the temperature of the compressed air, assuming the pressure reaches 40 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the density of oxygen at STP -gvi.,gaip ,nusing the ideal gas law.    kg/$m^3$

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank contains 21.6 kg od)cxhfi/)qqdi 11 vkssz1f) 1 f nitrogen ($N_2$) at an absolute pressure of 3.65 atm. What will the pressure be if the nitrogen is replaced by an equal mass of $CO_2$    atm

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank at STP contag ,v0qfe fie5:60buvlins 18.5 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$)
(a) What is the volume of the tank? $\approx$   $m^3$(“Round to one decimal places)
(b) What is the pressure if an additional 15.0 kg of nitrogen is added without changing the temperature?    $ \times10^{5 }$Pa    atm

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 18.75 mol of helium gas vo) 0tijha 3h5is at 10.0$^{\circ} $C and a gauge pressure of 0.350 atm, (a) calculate the volume of the helium gas under these conditions.    $m^3$
(b) Calculate the temperature if the gas is compressed to precisely half the volume at a gauge pressure of 1.00 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the pressure inside a 35.0-L containe712r94 oly / snikzcipr holding 105.0 kg of argon gas at 385 n1 i29rz47ki pyls/coK?   $ \times10^{ 8}$Pa

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tank contains 26.0 kg ojw s oqd+6 krt5;i/3ybf $O_2$ gas at a gauge pressure of 8.70 atm. If the oxygen is replaced by helium, how many kilograms of the latter will be needed to produce a gauge pressure of 7.00 atm?    kg He

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A hot-air balloon achieves its buoyant lift by heating the air insig)ln oal+ze)19 qxfe+de the balloon, which makes it less dense than the air outside. Suppose the volume +f eelxn9lzogq a) +1)of a balloon is 1800 $m^3$ and the required lift is 2700 N (rough estimate of the weight of the equipment and passenger). Calculate the temperature of the air inside the balloon which will produce the required lift. Assume that the outside air temperature is 0 $^{\circ} $ C and that air is an ideal gas under these conditions. What factors limit the maximum altitude attainable by this method for a given load? (Neglect variables like wind.) $\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tire is filled with aif ii3dylb 4*q3hm.(;4twno fp/ i4xgj r at 15 $^{\circ} $ C to a gauge pressure of 220 kPa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 38 $^{\circ} $ C, what fraction of the original air must be removed if the original pressure of 220 kPa is to be maintained?    %

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 61.5 L of oxygen at 18.8x8zja 9 ifw:i0 $^{\circ} $ C and an absolute pressure of 2.45 atm are compressed to 48.8 L and at the same time the temperature is raised to 50.0°C, what will the new pressure be?    atm

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A helium-filled balloon escapes a chifv lh 8q*ml+xx77 9sxqld’s hand at sea level and 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C. When it reaches an altitude of 3000 m, where the temperature is 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C and the pressure is only 0.70 atm, how will its volume compare to that at sea level?    times the original volume

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the number of moleculey z)m rim0l0saj,6 2-t 8rmzlcs / $m^3$ in an ideal gas at STP.    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules /$m^3$

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L? How manya6acc vh(1y w, molecules?    mol    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of jyyy92l6x p4 h(a) moles,    $ \times10^{22 }$ moles and (b) molecules of water in all the Earth’s oceans. Assume water covers 75% of the Earth to an average depth of 3 km. $\approx$    $ \times10^{46 }$ molecules

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cubic box of volume 5 7ral50rwp9xefn9:ry .1$ \times10^{ -2}m^3$ is filled with air at atmospheric pressure at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. The box is closed and heated to 180 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the net force on each side of the box?    N

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate how many molecules of air are n98n g5wir( eein each 2.0-L breath you inhale that were also in the last breath Galileo took. [Hint: Assu e(ige9r58nn wme the atmosphere is about 10 km high and of constant density.]   $\frac{molecules}{breath}$

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73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the average translational kinetic e4p2.w blti6h dnergy of an oxygen molecule at STP? t .i64db2 lhwp   $ \times10^{-21 }$ J
(b) What is the total translational kinetic energy of 2.0 mol of $O_2$ molecules at 20 $^{\circ} $ C?   $ \times10^{3 }$ J

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the rms speed of helium atoms near the surface of the Su rds+*6qe/h girx te5-i(t ,okn at a temperature of /,k sr*x+g-qi i (to rhd5t6eeabout 6000 K.    m/s

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By what factor will the rms speed of gas molecules increase if the tempe wr0;g(gf rrw kq0k-3cjbg03hrature is 0 f;-brgk33h0grc(k jw0qrgw increased from 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 100 $^{\circ} $ C?   

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must it be raised to double the rms speed of its molecules?    $^{\circ} $ C

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Twelve molecules have the following speeds, given in units of km/s:th1x,tay;w bkmdbd 8kp4w7 7; 6, 2, 4, 6, 0, 4, 1, 8, txpbdmb4w1tkw, d7h8k a7;; y5, 3, 7, and 8. Calculate the rms speed. $v_{rms}$ =    km/s

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The rms speed of molecules in a gas anhlzhk+w.xe(.h yj6: t 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C is to be increased by 1.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?    $^{\circ} $ C

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure of a gai-q;cob5m w*gs is doubled while its volume is held constant, by what facwm;ci*5b o-qg tor does $v_{rms}$ change?   

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80#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the rms speed of molecules in a- lc je:0vbt5n)tfozo xgcg6a )i24/u gas is given by $v_{rms}$ = $\sqrt{3P\\rho}$ where P is the pressure in the gas, and $\rho$ is the gas density.
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81#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for a mixture of two gases at the same temperature, t0ur;+qag go(e he ratio of their rms speeds is equal to the inverse ratio of the square roots of their molecular magq0(r+; aog uesses.
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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogi, ,)h41b si*2c8 iff eveioyven molecules contained in an 8.5$-m^3$ volume at 2.1 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1300 mol?    m/s

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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate (a) the rms s9mtl-g uu;ls: /dic: bpeed of an oxygen molecule at 0 $^{\circ} $ C    m/s
(b) determine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 7.0-m-long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.    round trips per sec

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average distance between nitr9/hyfnd dm )h3ogen molecules at STP?    $ \times10^{-9 }$m

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid whose molecular mass is 89 u ie 7foirh-s*c hvka8ou e,:4s,n a living cell u vkfe-7rh o4ic :a8oeh, s*s,at 37 $^{\circ} $ C.    m/s
(b) What would be the rms speed of a protein of molecular mass 50,000 u at 37 $^{\circ} $ C?    m/s

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86#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the pressure P of a gasawm*v0( ic.lxs 3 mid-1 /dwxc can be written P = $\frac(1)(3)\rho v^2$ where $\rho$ is the density of the gas and v is the rms speed of the molecules.
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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The two isotopes of uraniury8 gm:p5 9f )dqs,0;x qknxprkg (n;pm, $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U (the superscripts refer to their atomic mass), can be separated by a gas-diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound UF$_6$ Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T.   

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88#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phasews8k/21x p. e)eedpa u)k*b pes can $CO_2$ exist? (b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can $CO_2$ be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–21.
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89#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Water is in which phase when the pressure is 0.01 atm and the temp 8wcc s vobgxi)9st/sbt-i:2)erature is (a)v2o )scb-9 iwgs 8 i/b:tt)csx 90 $^{\circ} $ C, (b) -20 $^{\circ} $ C.
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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the dew point (approximately) if the humidity is 50% on a ;*iht g:fbdpxfrz.kv(5/ c)xday when the temperature is 2b t*zxp)f/hdkgcr:; 5( v fx.i5 $^{\circ} $ C?$\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the air pressure at bv06g +feg.mz a place where water boils at 90 $^{\circ} $ C?    torr    Pa    atm

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the air pressure at a particular place in the mountainb*nj5f -fein .+aa:y gs is 0.72 atm, estimate the temperature at which wa :nyea+ g-*5.fanfbijter boils. $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the temperature on a day when the partial pressure of water +. lg/gojeo i*is 530 Pa and theioe. gogj*l+/ relative humidity is 40%? $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the partial pressure of water on a day when the temperature i;is ghw* -2kqxs 25 $^{\circ} $ C and the relative humidity is 35%?    Pa

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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the approximate pressure inside a pressure cooker if the w. a93eto7enwhater is boiling at a wa9e 37n.to ehtemperature of 120 $^{\circ} $ C? Assume no air escaped during the heating process, which started at 20 $^{\circ} $ C.    atm

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the humidity in a room of volume 68.o(grs5 ;w:gpiak7 -epb)s mv0$m^3$ at 25 $^{\circ} $ C is 80%, what mass of water can still evaporate from an open pan?    kg

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Air that is at its dew point oz) btkejob(a*e2 ghn5g vfj29;*0w ydf 5 $^{\circ} $ C is drawn into a building where it is heated to 25. What will be the relative humidity at this temperature? Assume constant pressure of 1.0 atm. Take into account the expansion of the air.    %

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the time needed for aqp)e fn.hf+u 6z7a fkx,x 2 sg)(vyi1e glycine molecule (see Table 13–4) to diffuse a distance of 6.f)ke1 (x f)gnei vq2hxz7yfa +sp, u15 $\mu m$ in water at 20$^{\circ} $ C if its concentration varies over that distance from 1 mol/$m^3$ to 0.4 mol/$m^3$ Compare this “speed” to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u. t $\approx$    s ([color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)]Round to one decimal places) $v_{diffuse}$    $ \times10^{ -5}$ m/s
$v_{rms}$    m/s


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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen diffuses from the szxsw634 c oegx+8cx vy5 llb./urface of insects to the interior through tiny tubes called tracheae. An average trachea is about 2s w8o zc.y5vb6/xxgl 3e4cx+l mm long and has cross-sectional area of $ 2\times10^{-9 } m^2$ Assuming the concentration of oxygen inside is half what it is outside in the atmosphere,
(a) show that the concentration of oxygen in the air (assume 21% is oxygen) at 20$^{\circ} $ C is about 8.7 mol/$m^3$ then $\approx$    mol/$m^3$(Round to one decimal places)
(b) calculate the diffusion rate J,    $ \times10^{-11 }$ mol/s
(c) estimate the average time for a molecule to diffuse in. Assume the diffusion constant is $ 1\times10^{-5 } m^2/s$    s

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape7q-t4( h /rzene p/iyq1tku(u measure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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101#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape measure has been calibrated at 206gk(mo42d zt cc u6fe1$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Pyrex measuring cup was calibrated at b) m hxth,05t1w)knkj normal room temperature. How much error will be made in a recipe calling for 300 mL of cool water, if the waterwjtn5 mh, k ))bkh1t0x and the cup are hot, at 80$^{\circ} $C, instead of at 20$^{\circ} $C? Neglect the glass expansion.$\approx$    ml

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103#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The gauge pressure in a h)qc pfd,*)5qz tbv7xuelium gas cylinder is initially 28 atm. After many balloons have been blown up, the gauge pressure has decreased to 5 atm. What fraction of the original gas rev ft*q 7cudq,x)zp 5b)mains in the cylinder?   

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104#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of brmp* .0m cve+air molecules in a room of length 6.5 m, width 3.1 m, and height 2.5 m. Assume the temperature mbcep r *0v.+mis 22$^{\circ} $C. How many moles does that correspond to?    $\times10^{27 }$ molecules    moles

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In outer space the density of matter is aj 1e2a/u0rf/cqf bw4 jbout one atom per $cm^3$ mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.7 K. Calculate the rms speed of these hydrogen atoms, and the pressure (in atmospheres).$v_{rms}$ =    m/s    $ \times10^{-22 }$ atm

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106#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The lowest pressure attainable using the best avaiye4jy.g+2:ne; -h zijdkncq, f4 xk 2zlable vacuum techniques is abou.:,c ejhi y+ 4fzxzn-24 ek;ng2yd kjqt $10^{-12} N/m^2$ At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $cm^3$ at 0$^{\circ} $C?    $\frac{molecules}{cm^3}$

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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a scuba diver fills his lungs to fulln4fgxf n+,m e. capacity of 5.5 L when 10 m below the surface,,f 4exfn .+mgn to what volume would his lungs expand if he quickly rose to the surface? Is this advisable?    L

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A space vehicle returning from the Moot /s4rn:lqj5 22 odibln enters Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of about 40,000 km/h Molecules (assume nitrogen) striking the nose of the vehicle with this speed correspond to what temperature? (Because of this high temperature, the nose of a st 4b/2:qi 2r5lns lojdpace vehicle must be made of special materials; indeed, part of it does vaporize, and this is seen as a bright blaze upon reentry.)    K

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109#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from* vvs7m-dqb w+nq6j 7 26aimqf 110$^{\circ} $C to 360$^{\circ} $C while the volume and the number of moles stay constant. By what factor does the pressure change? By what factor does $v_{rms}$ change?$\frac{P_2}{P_1}$ =    $\frac{(v_{rms})_2}{(v_{rms})_1}$ =   

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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A house has a volume o x/ugcwi :b9f. 6uicdfd+2h;of 770m$^2$ (a) What is the total mass of air inside the house at 20$^{\circ} $C?    kg
(b) If the temperature drops to -10$^{\circ} $C what mass of air enters or leaves the house?    kg

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  From the known value of atmospheric pressure at3;.+q o oxfj9omhp, ob8p. xzd the surface of the Earth, estimate the total number of air molecules in the Earth’s , ojfxmo;38zp.do .q ph9 box+atmosphere.    $ \times10^{44 }$ molecules

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112#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogen mo(lc4lnn,j;md:o,h -hu ,ynd7j;b ywg lecules contained in a 7.6$-m^3$ volume at 4.2 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1800 mol?    m/s

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113#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A standard cylinder of oxygen used in a hospital has gauge pressure =+kl8rh-u :amt js+z2 v 2000 psi (13,800 kPa) and at T = 2ujzl++ r:m-k ts 8v2ha59K How long will the cylinder last if the flow rate, measured at atmospheric pressure, is constant at 2.4 L/min. $\approx$    hour

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114#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An iron cube floats in a bowl of liquid mercury tt tu+8ca9 smvi2( iv4at 0$^{\circ} $C. (a) If the temperature is raised to 25$^{\circ} $C, will the cube float higher or lower in the mercury? 
(b) By what percent will the fraction of volume submerged change?    %

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115#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of gasolif,l x:80.6pqzhusj wl ne at 0$^{\circ} $C is 0.68$ \times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is the density on a hot day, when the temperature is 38$^{\circ} $C?    kg/$m^3$
What is the percentage change?    %

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116#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a steel band were to fit snugly around the Earth’s 4pw k3 khw:aq,2 x jsedd+:hv8+gas3kequator at 25$^{\circ} $C, but then was heated to 45$^{\circ} $C, how high above the Earth would the band be (assume equal everywhere)?    m

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117#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A brass lid screws tightly ontql*os/l p / ;jrbc(/tto a glass jar at 20$^{\circ} $C. To help open the jar, it can be placed into a bath of hot water. After this treatment, the temperatures of the lid and the jar are both 60$^{\circ} $C. The inside diameter of the lid is 8.0 cm at 20$^{\circ} $C. Find the size of the gap (difference in radius) that develops by this procedure.    cm

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118#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The first length standard, adopted in the .n2 +j0e e7c.o eixybq18$^{th}$ century, was a platinum bar with two very fine marks separated by what was defined to be exactly 1 m. If this standard bar was to be accurate to within $\pm1.0 \mu m$ how carefully would the trustees have needed to control the temperature? The coefficient of linear expansion for platinum is $ 9\times10^{ -6}C/^{-1}$. $\pm$ =    C$^{\circ} $

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119#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba tank, when fully charged, has a pressure of)+p8cqe ksvr/ e 8y/jr 195 atm at 20$^{\circ} $C. The volume of the tank is 11.3 L.
(a) What would the volume of the air be at 1.00 atm and at the same temperature?    L
(b) Before entering the water, a person consumes 2.0 L of air in each breath, and breathes 12 times a minute. At this rate, how long would the tank last?    min
(c) At a depth of 20.0 m of sea water and temperature of 10$^{\circ} $C, how long would the same tank last assuming the breathing rate does not change?    min

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120#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The escape speed from the Eauf k31 q:m4)rvec6dnha ek7r0rth is $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$ so a gas molecule travelling away from Earth near the outer boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed, be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field. At what temperature is the average speed of
(a) oxygen molecules,    $ \times10^{5 }$K
(b) helium atoms equal to $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$    $ \times10^{4}$K
(c) Can you see why our atmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?

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121#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 1.0-kg trash-can lid is suspended against graizf 8am.zj x9e)d/r. lvity by tennis balls thrown vertically upward at it. How manym8i f r9jl)x.daz/.z e tennis balls per second must rebound from the lid elastically, assuming they have a mass of 0.060 kg and are thrown at 12m/s   balls/s

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122#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba diver releases a 3.00-cm-diamet(mepraus;8f4frs4zjo) 0p. l er (spherical) bubble of air from a depth of 14.0 m in a lake. Assume the temperature is constant at 298 K, and the aufp)s .4;psmf8rl (eorz 04jair behaves as a perfect gas. How large is the bubble when it reaches the surface?    cm

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123#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the total water vapor pressure ir 7atgp+;e npb/*nvq6 n the air on the following two days: ;vpnq*an+/ g rpb et76
(a) a hot summer day, with the temperature 30$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 40%;    Pa
(b) a cold winter day, with the temperature 5$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 80%.    Pa

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124#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sauna has 7$m^3$ of air volume, and the temperature is 90$^{\circ} $C. The air is perfectly dry. How much water (in kg) should be evaporated if we want to increase the relative humidity from 0% to 10%? (See Table 13–3.)    kg


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125#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the percent difference in the density of iron at STP, an5y)bh1fw :p fmd when it is a solihw:pb1 f5y)mfd deep in the Earth where the temperature is 2000$^{\circ} $C and under 5000 atm of pressure. Assume the bulk modulus (90$\times 10^9N/m^2$) and the coefficient of volume expansion do not vary with temperature and are the same as at STP.    %  

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126#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Use the ideal gas law to show that, for an ideal gas at co6/8nyul2io+zxd ow6o o)eep)nstant pressure, the cz)/x o8en6we2o) +uy d6lpoiooefficient of volume expansion is equal to $\beta$ = 1/T where T is the temperature in kelvins. Compare to Table 13–1 for gases at T = 293K (b) Show that the bulk modulus (Section 9–5) for an ideal gas held at constant temperature is B = P where P is the pressure.
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127#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In humid climates, people constan22 )/orhff *)tro;cuozii) qjvuj0y) tly dehumidify their cellars to prevent rot and mildew. If the cellar in a house (o) u;f)v c uo*j)tzi/f y20hi)orqj r2kept at 20$^{\circ} $C) has 95 $m^2$ of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.8 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 30%?    kg

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