The process shown on the T-V graph is a4o 9q j.w)7. ezptaxuan

  In an isothermal process, thery0k e+y.)aq r o/3tyhbe is no change in

  When the first law of thew tmg ,)m;d;vvrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its orig8qefetq:m c2*zm.:n n1( j ixqinal volume with no change in its temperature. This process isqf n2xm.jmetz : qiecq1(:n8*

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During m7,mo(p lona6 this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comp al (m,mop6no7ressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volus5:1yf7l re5k*+idnirj twty ga--b*me during an isothermal p td -it wayer5sl7*ybnj r:*+f -gki51rocess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded4z*t cmo agh (vo:ip *17.qeog isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J o*a*zqt og(4 c:71imvphe o.gof energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event,v 7x lsi+aop+4fz 3gh5 the gas e37fsv4 5oh+p g +xzilaxchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,iul /m ;g-w16 iiaynq; $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is comprpeb9h oytpkab/(s: nc;t3i87vxh3, xbi)gp)essed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pnb)x9;p8k )vx 3ihpt sycb7ho/egta3i,p ( :bressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respec fh7i gd0;. p3ar7eha0)sivtpts except that one contains7heg ;par3.d) fvit 7h0ipa0s $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders u af j18h6xm)x25 sqfjof gas identical in all respects except that one contains2q m5)hj8ajfx fxs1u 6 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is an8 *pn2dpxlt . xblw7s(w7fn8p

  In an isobaric procesp 9pnm qww21fcxku(vx1lra u)m n9:0x1w f93ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of sr;4o 74duu-,zcnhw)9y ydhp thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure xq /hhl2wctu 9.+ sxa.as heat is added to it. This process i9xt+s.w /.h q auc2lhxs

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sam; ,ljcvp64t+(ifes q8bc i:iyple of ideal gas at constant pressure. A(ie i 8ilc:qcsfy ;v+4jbp6,ts a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on thp0 vp/0aubp d;e PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no +kbp -pbnejb t *t u.cg16(cxc5.uje:change in

  When the first law of thermodyz/xoft( rmgfq( f((u,namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containersg+l0 sh kp:jo8, b4pnl; f soo;/v5ub that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it5k,lpb ;hsgboo:j0u;fv ls 8s+/ 4npo. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a 8ntpfsmb)5hvm*:k (o6jnol5 sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy o(mon :5 nlopj6 )hm*v8bts kf5f the gas

State the first law of thermo88/jh +u h4 p+inmopdvdynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat fro;x 2p,pq0 ( tv3bw xvhc(wkhr:m a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat f .i:cm5w,.virzhyx,hdsgv him 4:a8- .yz*y a rom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynami3r: icyv jr5 e;0rjbow)i*+lacs according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through thw27lu hmecjnj 7j39 *qgzqf,ly(hk +1e cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is don7lnq7( jh +m31qw j,*h gcku jf9ylz2ee by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defi *s rmp-lio;m jb*,zuw6;k q6uned as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnottmso;xfb7o(0a t: f4q engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must t(b0o47 o x;fmfa:stq be

  A Carnot cycle consistzi(:*f/jz(8x7 rd g 5zmnu*k f dell8gs of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the ;jajt)vf8 q+mb+duj8fdm8i . second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of 8y ucht-po)hg0gwk+h m2t.3bs (dm62 +i xnm ma refrigerator is defined as the ratio ohg)kxw -mts dhumg.o 8tc+(n+b3 mi mp0 2h2y6f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ro5sl1/ojpudyh1g4z+w t bkx +gfmk 3.*-l vi 7atio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of theog.8i wr mm )fqd78;fg water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a;g; am7hx 5aloz/,cfpny process that may occur within an isolated system, which o;aa;,mzfgh/ 5x7po clne of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynami.3sakdj09uj 2gdq-p 0;bi kupcs.

  The second law of thermodynamics leadsfg 7u; n78b,akgp fj7i us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of h86zdmp 3 tdqg ri7:ag1eat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy?6 dzdm7:gqtgrap3 i8 1

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J3qo -vgzpn; 1go../ z lswhm)s of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work 3g..p- ghnlos z)wsq1om /v;zdone in the process?

  The work done on an idez oj,vt5w(ub9al gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in int,juvztwb 9 5(oernal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. ncg/14e/ pfr t What is the change in internal energy of the ga p4c /fer/1ngts?

  An ideal gas undergoe z9b+d6x )edzhs an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in in h)bd d6exz9z+ternal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreu*( w wvlhgu82ases by 50 J. What is the work donhwv 8*ulgwu(2 e?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemy /mmcio5e;r 8 decreases by 50 J. What/8m c;5ey omir is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume m0ozy:k+b7qc xac. 2zas it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas:z7.obk+c20 xqy acz m. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy isecqcw4ytrx3 ho. 9/ w1 removed from it. How many m4xwy.1e9/ow3cc tqrholes of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of c*k)( dah4f -utiug9 xwater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whpbku.8u + pfihh5s 73mat is the efb uk5.3ihpf7m8s+ uphficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J (*2v- pyqdgusdt ,mg.na 90b dydm 8x1of heat per cycle. How much work *ut 8mqa0bv gdm9sy2 d(d1d, n.xgy -pdoes it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J mntgo,s:+o t3 of heat per cycle. How much heat does i ,om 3tgtn+os:t exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacocqmb:.e-zw 6 h cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of ea-c 6mzebo.wq: ch cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyclexew0px*wd m3g--b aw o4xl+-o+ 9 hzos and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work dono*-w9x++bzwd3pxxw 4a-0 s lgmooe-h e each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engin d*a2v gsb n,pg0t;wu7es built so far has the following characteristics: combustion cvugpw 0 *;bd2t,7 nsaghamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines bu 14m- hkheom405vx:p0md khbmilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber emkpho k-hmdm0: b405m4 xv1h temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactexuw -6wb +:wwjpkeb i+g3j;)irk 4 t4rristics: combustion chamber temperature = iw4t+; )e3+: -ugw4jibbj 6pwrkkxr w$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thes,y , qze)y0*x*2mhr k pr,kk:2mwjl) d +ftfs plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elect4l frn7vuqy x bdt(29o28fyz/ ric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of/fbr3g0csi :thl,(3de -caeo electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficienc8)ywf0*b kye k),xjze z4djf 1s6.wwyy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficien0r00e - vh( dn2wltaqfcy possible for an engine operating betwe wrv20q(d e t00-hflanen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine i+2i8a adw)z was 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tempera)wa +dawa 82ziture of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between. v- dev8n5pc/xmfb.vxx l /a1 $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezww ovbsl;u n9 g5f gq(2*sg7(zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cy9lob uv7;fn z(qsg (s gwg2*w5cle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate tcwhy-ppp 9 r1r,2td-oajs0) of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. W-p tp ,td2a0 sowcyhr)j9 pr-1hat is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of opera o+e(el.be 9vstion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. e(eevs.l9b + o How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of q, lj(0y oslf4(k 06+xeu)ej0su ebnn ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropkz-wyzvcbyquuy5c j.2 05q48 gzz/4nr5jb8 m y is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal -o(.uyvgpara2oj rro:r;ws ur; ;.o*expansion and its entropy v.u;aa :rr;.*;(o2ug o wo-rrspojrychanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at zymk 1ca5;6xp3d 1 sm8dqv qk.$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.