The process shown on the T-V graph is an +mbef 8h -gj5u

  In an isothermal process, thea0fr.- oe :rxire is no change in

  When the first law oxe9. oil:pa:j -jj3:z x3jicf f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original vo5azh dcb5 ina2;f 2nb+lume with no change in its temperature. This process isn fzbn 5h2iaa;+c5bd2

  An ideal gas is compressed isopuolusb geep6rn. h,- c69fzec:+y3 -thermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the ge ppyrgl9:zb+ s,cec66 noe uf3-u.-h as. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volyn2b/2qa68f 28cnv5a coka wkume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the 2a5va2ko k n fq8ac6c/bynw82gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this: i xscmlr4,t6 process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is co,: itsxr4 6clmrrect?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an ibvv:/dc(g0 e v4+9gkl ezm-pxsolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat w (lg/dvxcz4g emkv-ep:09vb +ith its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynam5oa5mk fzw;bw ts68 a:xzvo-(t(/kw gics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vouv1hsr l**sknr igu5n56 o-*xlume during an adiabatic process. uhv5s * -uinrnl1*gs6*o 5xkrThe final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excdj1 ddht1f -i:i +4sqcept that one contains +si tf:ciddd1- j1q4h$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o0m:m+u kpbxcp tq3 hn1q/2b-a6c( keaehc (7cne containsu( qa/0x-epmm712 kbchp: hbecc6ctqak+ ( 3n $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV k+:*d tt wa7;f9xw(he1)67 sfqczf nxqzo)qd diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is 0fwpfb8;1wnwm37 qn0up ac(v no change in

  When the first law of+7 odr zmpf lz u1d9tw1xw;r8: thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thid3bfrr . xrvtu,b4 ++zs processz+b4xr3f .v,rrt bd+u is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferreq6w .6hf)bpadd to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressuhb6dw.f )p6qare. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram iux fya/ 6f rj1pg ljy/;q s+c,q0da/.vs

  In an isochoric process, there is no changs)t4rg)8hxm 2kki1y r e in

  When the first law of therozwnku/ nu5. :daga/6ul;j k3modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand -ddv*3 crs0v9hhqwf ic5vn*fxi+ (f- as heat energy is added to50 9vqf wr*n*cx h +fdicv (hf--dsi3v it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred tou+xb5 htln (s4 a sample of ideal gas at constant vollb su+5(hnxt4ume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynt 49wbeml i.(ramics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv 4uyti2jy(wwu7q6,xr oir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservo qset3v/(pgg: no a v87:sm7oiir?

State the second law of thermodynamja.g 8tn5.qtufii+ t-ics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how ms3hq q ly/8 y2rdr50jpw9)tzluch work is done by an engine operating on thi 5 jdhqsr3280) twl/yrq9zply s cycle?

  The efficiency of a hepcx 3)b36ke r* * 4qdc5luexvrat engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of 8sfjbgrs *+0bu b8xlxo-2at3a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mussag0* l8b2u+s 3b8 jbr o-ftxxt be

  A Carnot cycle consists mv8s3ug zp5yskx 04y2of

Give the Kelvin-Planck h)ifyz-;wjy40+ftd+ : :mg/ k ztwrixstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as x+b- 5c4o1ktnc de;njjkg9* qthe ratio of1 +-eg4 b9qjkdcjcn*n;5 xokt

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is deeoca 3kyh:pj8m4: ijez+g* x)fined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, l 7fhzke;3*/4wwha aqthe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodyname, ;s;f7,,q*sgyrz( u)dbfylol4g6 fn,al bzics, for any process that may occur within an i(;yl z,eg7 g4bz;),q ondb,f l*lr ysfuf6a ,ssolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law onrt6k1yv: nx67p3dw g f thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us3-(v)u)jhskx(i zewd gkyq( / to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.(+zijv vf z,9 30cl oxi4cco.f What is the change c z9o+4 .,ijcoi(fxl3f 0v cvzin internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J -hhfd7v6-e u xof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wo -6xhufed-v7h rk done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process isbzjst+ho*69dvv2 k c . -400 J. What is the changh ozkc+sv *d2t69vj.be in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressinv o(6.no1 i* eex:wns5f6 nvwfg a gas adiabatically. What is the change in inte:51n vo6*oew6ns (x iw.vneffrnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. vfx ;b xb;odbq 8cu(z2;;p)hp What is the change in internal energ x) f2hcp;qobx;b8z;; dvub p(y?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50mb9s)-vo2 lsgj t424g;y v rby J. What is the work d4)b9bstym -2jls; rvog4 y2vgone?

  In an isochoric process, theoxlq oa h8:l)2 internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is tqxoa8l2 : l)hohe heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at copu:jfq)h )15 cci0 iehxnj6q7nstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work xc6nhi5 fhe:q 7pjjc10q ui))is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 0e1 xb7t, yjqrJ of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?bxr y7e 0tqj1,

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at pm,: 8 r7mnf v ko*roj487iwnn$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 vh0yi2d,r u9jv +cwp((mfed. J in each cycle. What is the effij,fie d( 2u(. pmvw+vhyc0dr9 ciency?

  A heat engine has an 8dkl zhnx8x:/efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work dl 8zdhkxn :/8xoes it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency e rygg:inae7weu-:/ efuvy44xp ;9f2 of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cy ;nry iayu9 pve:-efexf 4eugg4 7/2w:cle?

  303

  A heat engine absorb2fk lof 9hpfn6371rpv 8yx-+g irsf/f s 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of kp9 fpr g7fy6f /v32fif+rxsl-h1 no 8each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eac3 rz l1gchb)z2h cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cy zb3g1l2cr hz)cle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chare+t9nndj3qhp8ho nfb2ed . c5rr) c(4 acteristics: combustionc (8c q9n)bphedoh3 r4r dejf5 t+n.2n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines a*/gyu4k b5s-p,x jayxpo 5um3.qy6akn 2 np7built so far has the following characteristics: combustion ch jmu753pnk ga6pyb/2u ,4xa. yxapky 5 os-n*qamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has t:b-k(l+zehz cc8r q1rhe following characteristics: combustion chamber tempera+rc1z:eq k lc r8h(bz-ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric 0*,/ yewk opa4 ai9yzp3c;jx (m wl9qhpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant userb3ud pvxrn/3;5 fivia8wb 6 0s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW g wr r-a9ap:0p*b; o ngci7i+kof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates bet7 w0ju m8) i2y0xriizwween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pgir l.snv(0c:k4v d6 dossible for an engine operating betwe4d sc d0vi6:nkg .v(rlen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Cq3hx:,4*ha x)nvj bkm bu:1n parnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hmabk43 ,uvp qb:n 1)xnh*jxh:ot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be9 r +/ -xmietaabgm22ctween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ ag-bo/ e3f*bcaviphv6 wx4 kq74l+1snnd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work iw+i nohp *a6b7g-k34xvvlfq41 ecb/ss required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat kv4-50t4rw w,xbjev;uef y)j6x 1tiq from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. e e xf4qu 6 x4y,) 10twbiv;vjjkrw5t- What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absortkltslb 46c3 trbgk2 7gz-g;0bs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. H4stbl3tb;70 2g 6 kglgcz -ktrow much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt d4pqod5) ps( ih0+qm7vi7ta bat $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, k7xvqcr8m 31mwwys ,c66l:9r y0- tgagv aw,zthe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an iso5 dz+ jwri6o dwq6xj0*thermal expansion and its entropy chand+5iq w6djw0z*6jx roges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at w.g6kxwfj xva4s66.4 z uzx4p$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.