The process shown on the T-V graph iia u o6dhk,8 +rv,k3wos an

  In an isothermal process, therb5u :;w3t(t7djjc qyue is no change in

  When the first law of thermok4tg a8v fb*;ydynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume wig xf)ylu*grl y, jl+g9,jz,c(th no change in its temperature. Thi yy+r,z,jl9)c(lfu, *jxgg gls process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothe:)*he-5h uicq)ty ilr. ypul8c8 x(e zrmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the chan.e 8h8z ihc- (pt: ry5yl*eq)ux luci)ge of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isother r xvoir m39y.xq(z6j*mal process. oxvr y63xi*mr(. qz9jThe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20gucp)ij(dcmm 0*o( y- L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is exymj cpo-*m cd( (0)giupended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressi 0frhdj1n ej-/ tw4l)8 0dsjued in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proc1)j0 jlfh4njd0t/drus i8 ew- ess is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, bpnn4 w+zu 6v)$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume du*k7 dpr, dzexzxdz* 5(ring an adiabatic process. The final pressure of * 57zd xzdrkx,(ze*dpthe gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one l.ae7y(o1quo)- x n6guow was*b nx:9contains o6ouw(oqb)nu*-w.n y:l7 9xea1sxag$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rrfkn x.)tyj,. o-3s4im glvm 1espects except that one contains ji3l1 gty,)o xkm.-v4 rn. fms$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the 4 ran kdts91(ejj /x hjwr7*9uPV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no changec yo i-2whm7m; in

  When the first law of thv 0* fi2k3llzfw6tgb0ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as ,l fm+y;3:bjlut f d3xheat is added to it. This process fl+:bf ,x;3ymdu 3tl jis

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl (1 j;k 5v/nlvlt+wgbslxwp:8e of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy:b1lnlv x wpgv tk(w5jl+ s/;8 of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram tj ge,m6y+5zwn +7 qlbis

  In an isochoric processqw2net:f(hi u/0ai d7, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyna(b bks;5gk220e .h ud0opi7vvx6s cjbmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy tmi .ok4/,bgais added to it. This procesk ,i4otbamg /.s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are trakh p989vb:yz4o - 3ndp.svwptnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resulthbnd.-:9sp pvvtkz4y8o9 w 3p, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of ther+sg q-vyte y2 0ps/(wks n.*xmmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hoj a+r p(v) a8l4/kandit reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?/7 wgba9tc1)p7c 9ei3 wvcdl e

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claut;5z /sa j)orhsius.

  A gas is taken through the cyclfjy )kj*) haf2e illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is yj)k f*j2) fahdone by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined azqvi3tpd,z:w ,m:,vsn5 2p qhs the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100t(/ mle rqc1e.)(uc bs%, the heat sink must sc)ucb eme/qr. l1t ((be

  A Carnot cycle consists of+mwe szc/n )obm)sm,rjb2 .w:

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of tha rz-h0c cinzs wi )o3f.3*nvsui*0,xe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as26,4zlg tx5vn- opssb the ratio obt46pnl2, vzx-5ogs sf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat p ivs.8j;tgz/gump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entrop uv s9shlnl5//y of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any py -if ob/ijq.-a6 //xtypkm(qfpa3r( amtz(* rocess that may occur within an isolate/yar(-6tmy f m a*kziqqxtf /ipbap(.-o(j/3d system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the wg)eh- pq4us9.6l j:sk yrgx 9second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermorrfg:ixbh,cb 2)3w us 9 d1k;jdynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rj6c6 x e.e)*kvxw*2 4hnlxcgpemoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in cj 4nxe.e gk6p6 lx2*xh*cw) vinternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wha52 r t ;ijoey5*b)hl;zcmu/v qt isoh2t;v ley5 m)z; *ubq/jcir5 the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothe g:smn.t.wef, rmal process is -400 J. What is fw.eng. tms, :the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a jnmkx6gyaxf 5exls66lv 7 k/yq/ 39 q(gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of t5q f//j6axey6 sqkkyg( xm lln7vx39 6he gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic pro c7a )3x*8p( ;iupkcp xl,dmxicess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intep x*ciduk ,pcp3;8x (xim)7a lrnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy nuc a48zib eo6e20hm,of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the woi u,2e z40a e6ch8mbonrk done?

  In an isochoric process, tfpda1zww sgd3it708(z.8uq ihe internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat0z 7 id8a1dzf( it8uw.p gwqs3 exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at h yfuh:rbzm2jj*: + 2pconstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work *:zym hur2fh:2p+bjjis done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled )f jzqt9 /ryg+pdu.c3by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Hpyzqf.c9+td u3 /rjg)ow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 u;j: r(u se9pekg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receive mr2e8blf2)5mmjd6acx9km1g/ y / iwbs 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efmfkbma6b cxjy2e 8r)dw1g2m i// m95 lficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency ofhdgxf(i 3f96f 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work i(9xgfd ff3h6does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% any ,/p 8j4u o6oarfls5zvnb e3.d receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust .jponys 548 /r,z voeb3a fu6lin each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle ajld6vep,u.9 fnd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiencyf ,.j9uel6dv p of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus,tgju wa /sj/,njru ui51-it2 ts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done t jsg/iu1tjni-/juuwr, a2,5 each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicsyghc8qf 7o/y/wsu:tuit. / p5: combustion p7 .:t tyhc/s/uy8w o/g 5qfuichamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristi2x . p1i vol;xp;8gpviri(bt(cs: rxliv( ;2g.p1t(p;i8oxbi vp combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient en74l+x cnv9m angines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tvlx4+m9an7 c nemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant use5 6)bz3 zgqfc91tybnas $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates ;e6 qg zye +p6,ix mwak*iu8n3600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The cj -x9 vonbk(k6(*y/yuqxzagry: vb -h./ao2plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency-hfr*zo+ pzn cd1,17y: tvml z of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible r*v0i(aw:w ( ni8z gvwfor an engine operating betwav wwnirw0(*: i8vg z(een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%.r uhm 7/49mqkvd m8.np What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of pmkm.d948nvmhru /q7 the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatk a*2in -t,vprziqz2-8l mf ah kw-98wing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes )ia w 5t0s (mvtgq7kwvluk,9 ;heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is req(qtvv,9skg)awk 5m0lwu ;t 7iuired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the;z m**i57szedt ep0b z rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What izs z* e;*zm0p5te7bi ds the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbsp l,duv. m0g:z 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to:g mdzvl,0u. p the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entro29: hrpzp9.*dhlei nzw* d,0(d:icvb ogaqe.py when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in a pz n:9gg 1 .,ulg3h:epej8tqentropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermdnzbb3:vz+ h* al expansion and its entropy chz vn3b:hbd+*z anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at of44pxt7z9m)o nz 19 g hszlp)$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.