The process shown on the T-V gft0z:5o v0 zhbtk*9r craph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no changv+, bknnh2f+ .xh vu2sn 6dxs1e in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,m3pb vels7* 2u $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temper+l 8qv3hjq2twc0l0 ;a5wzml 8roc qq1v13zprature. Thi aml0q;qvjwl+ qvh1cp10 rq 85rtzo238w lzc3s process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30+dqq24:eo4 f(oinrf ( (p efcw L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gasdf4qoe(o4e(f+(w q: nri2 pcf. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermth/ kzt,y -a:aal process:,- akatty/hz . The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this u. )6 z 7r33ga:w;lsmsain vfqprocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expand6z:ga3fn ss)u.qir;3m7 awlved the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmen9lzd -(8hjkpet. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. T8k -hz( 9lejpdhis process is

  When the first law of thermodynami o6c.0(i hniqncs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is coqy8l.eti,q:j5b e8d* eb/ tfnmpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure n/b5f eye.ttjq d :b,eiq*88lof the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in)yegwl+az9xt yddo6*e 6hl13gt2 ; zj all respects except that one contains gdh yleya)3 j96z lw x;t*td6g2ez+o1$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except ts5v+ nr fk2r h)xthv 1m3l)f(that one contains3t)) tr2lnv5 fh1+x m fsrvkh( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is am+ u ; uy+koky8/-wmtfn

  In an isobaric process, there is no cn/ 8jt5ojf 8ea 7pfaz;hange in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, p b5f;n)z-rctz h)27tdmid k)2pw4np$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constan)y m 8e i-:ms-zcxm1bcm0xn9ot pressure as heat is added to it. This process0 :cx1yn-z)cm m8mixb-meo s9 is

  Ten joules of heat energy are trans7o/e- n0mz8ff v/pn xvferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. -vpvxefz 0f/8o7m /n nAs a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagrhnuv. -i,5-, zpgmjceam is

  In an isochoric proc+*oiysqo e7e hq1o p;6ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermo6ye3gzsy add8 83zfn:yv pw9) dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand a+ca; a5 u+)k6 waroxels heat energy is added to it. Thi +ex r5wo)6au;ck la+as process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas ac v:sh qp:t5vklch .,2t constant volumkqhl 2 cv t.,svch5p::e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of th+yly(,ucvct9 d n0m2y ermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a /zkxnbs9y7f 5 hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to trar01dx,,i bqoba;)e eq nsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cdbjyvu )mcf57: wb8u6lausius.

  A gas is taken through thj (td;sab7-b ye cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an enginet b(as7jb;y-d operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heatw xkn5*nz*3h aoba)4o engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical effick3kkha-ya,*rva ge uwzd12 /4 iency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu1k*aaek ,dvhz/k- r4 g3y2uwast be

  A Carnot cycle consists oa5mw c 3c,evnirp3b-ys5:7xrf

Give the Kelvin-Planck stvz9g em q7xc5mof 3;wl 8v8pnx2yt+a6atement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as 1uy 1szya8e7r the ratio oy187 eyz sua1rf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) /4v 6,y hm/auej/ppssof a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the enk6d msql)t: 9mtropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any jtf53ctg4 jimac x.d;;;gw :kprocess that may occur within an isolated system, whixwt;;d;5f kjjcia4t3g.m:g cch one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thejiiwn0nam 89)oc)xy 0rmodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tgwp:orr , dg)4yuld) 10yng1that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed/sw k-ft4 e8nl,qm o,c from an ideal gas. What is the chang- qwsfm ,c/ 8,oel4tkne in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of he izdtl-xt ei 3qsl8vs3z,* -8nat is removed from an ideal gas. What v -is,se zi8d3 nxz-3tql t8*lis the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothq 2a w(jamy3u*ermal process is -400 J. What is the2wyaqm3 u*a(j change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What535i,zxt/o xqz. hboa is the change in internzxa.x5,/bqoh 5 ioz t3al energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J o- 63rcnwco q, cw (rrlo,ve:8af work. What is the ch wwncrrq(al 8e,ooc v 6-3c:r,ange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, 6u0alyin8 v3wthe internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the woli0 3y68auvw nrk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases b*p:pepx .*pkmy 50 J. What is the hea*ppepp.m x:*kt exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume sv4+uy4z c9qf: vwy: tas it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of enerycz:u:yf+ sq4 vw4tv9gy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coj ewq9d+*r lj.,p:x9z 1+k/1h+wvly ny jejn ooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is remove jlr/nje w+pzd1 oq*h+lj.9jyx+ eyv w1n:k9,d from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watecjwy 9+cfz sk/+ ja. tf7sod+ y+p0,isr at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of l23ne (ygaiu:heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienlua32(n: geiycy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recji4 w*gsitw hv.(/53qmak /cceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycle icga4wm3hwjs.vt/ (i/qc *k5 ?

  A heat engine has an efficiencjft3zqnd+)w9 y of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclefw 9+zqd3 jn)t?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex .q.r9ujr( nlehausts 42 kcal. Calculat 9.(rj lrq.uene the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustsop6p2xaup dlh,.r87 g 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eac p,8g2ra 7l6 hodx.upph cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so nda* 0;uiz6 +et.ir ; +0qn hv7(synlnagwc x,far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tea+6 q(nr glia,0dx nnv;n.;+wh7 0ti *ycuzesmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built tm5fc1j ;ps e)so far has the following characteristics: combustion ;ts5)efj p1 mcchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follo2np:n*y gi/i iwing characteristics: combustioi g:in n/y2p*in chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri4 o9e0evs3d cnc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele; 5hfb:dwj:im,cz 8lfctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e tigo97 3qx4.v uxtmn.lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of anh d v d 9fyj4yv- 2ejfm59w:0ay0mz*wz engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an en.2doeg jpl 19hgine operating between j91ogl2ehd p.$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine 0p8 b0lx abh4sis 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold resex lhp0ba4 8b0srvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operat1cme+ 1if kb+npr5jt;ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the fmj./i.*y( hs/)vx0as jwh jd ureezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 2 ud /0swj/j.hvsj(x)imy*.ah 4 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heap4 y.mn fl.twk6),souf e4/bk*e *mgl t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJueb.)*l6n4 fm,o /* kgfwlm.4tpseky into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from thers81 gw7ky u)o freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Hoyuowk)1r8s7 g w much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ib 2fzib: p1g6x owj9d2ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in en :9rmekfbuc4r6p7,4k el dc3wtropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansdaxsnkg/4 sx3ap3811 mk x;goeaq)yg , mdr5*ion and its entropy changesegm) 5o1 4p1qgg amx8dksd nar y ;x,/x3k3as* by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at j kfp74pee z8xj (eb)7$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.