The process shown on tfcpyhdcgts;9,o+,l 8 he T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no tjnr59xt ;0eh change in

  When the first law of th: eq vv:q3o5 c)10hd uvgjigg9ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume witgwr- f coonldf6 z3 d*;(ym)0sh no change in its temperature. This process is*0(;of dlyc so3-)nd f g6wrzm

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally f50 i58rxptjn srom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comixr8n5 jtp s05pressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orig5qhfw/z 6p *y41ygu irinal volume during an isothermal process. The final p z1prg 4hf*5i6w/qyy uressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L *xdvlz a jr7:f65,saz. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the folloa r7lfdz5szx,av*j: 6wing statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the g4/ydv :bmgjx vy ws bjizve,05) m167eas exchanged no h7 m/wgv 0ev4vyzbmebyj ,x)ds 165 i:jeat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of theds5lrxit,v i9 z ,( jn 0ama.1t+.ododrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is cq42qnf2l p:zoompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fiq o22:l zpq4fnnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contaiq-7iyw tdv;j4ns wi-t7 djvyq4;$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one ce1glmzt55;ruz8mh,vj s4 lc: ontains j5g ,: 8lt4lh; vecsmzu5 zm1r$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagrq cp fn-gs787bam is an

  In an isobaric process, there is nd6 ht p:7wplr3o change in

  When the first law of therm:m m fpp9c3u60v6mw hmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand ax(;7fwys6 hi et constant pressure as heat is added to it. This procesxsy7(6ie ;whf s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sv:qaihc -t l 6foqb0c(i*9n 8dample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the interno q0tdciib98 fhcqn6lv :-a* (al energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagralp 6j1b 1ag( i-mq/,r kc0hwqum is

  In an isochoric procesnej ox(2;02 wunq,agp s, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam85vnj;/s/oh dm8;tum d5 j9f7 qllmkoics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotjebkytx.le/w.3x 5ga phc5 :) expand as heat energy is added to it. T twxj5e/3c)y:.g 5px lhak.ebhis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cbx,bbd4k ;y r+onstant volum,y4r+ ;xbkdb be. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thera+4 5*pdifj l.dg;luxz : *wvps8tls0 modynamics.

  Is it possible to transfeto ughey/*a q9olf1u5pe 8, :jr heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to tr a*k +/uboz6 h-qi6n l-lcpmr/ansfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordingy3tptzm cs80ngxg(83 to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one xo9 )- aq:uslhcycle, how much work is done by an engine op: lq)-h9sxao uerating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defi ,b ,vu 3tcd n-tqmtr7s(f-+gyned as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency5m+h x qh;a28mytre ,a86sptj of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mus6 mj8tmaqph;te+y8 sa x2 r,5ht be

  A Carnot cycle consist )zjhfad;ag; 5s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of therm8sh ;6l(i i6qyz/rw .z j1trtjodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined1b*e 3k /n5*orppg xoh as the ratio okrb* 3nxeoh51/p p*ogf

  The coefficient of performance (m4 f0p(voh yvu2zo zkb)5*j)e COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy u t m8t+u/ybzzszm4a(uvhz;-d 4 )ry:of the water

  According to the second law :odw dpoapb8t 8k75x,of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, whioawbd op858dp :t,k 7xch one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicos7a 0i,k 4j a7+mrrdcl-z7xfs.

  The second law of thermfuedx gnk :hc7, +/1wiodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermalx11p 3tebs6 mhsuq ub;ni1x sf7;z6 0v process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the fsxuez 1;s0b6p7hqstmn v3i11;x u6 bchange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hea7dwc j-vz9w,5u jdkv.t is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the processuwj vdwjzk,c7.5 d-9 v?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process ik6rx6 0svjrg )5ta t4xs -400 J. What is the change in internal energyasjtvgx65 0tk rr4 6x)?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabat7atvpi3rf 1n3 gi 43piically. What is the change in internr f3p n7vit a1i3i3g4pal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process r(u,lu /jyegh 3/k bz7while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in integk,ur3 l/uzyjhe7 /(brnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the zh+6a*rfaloqzmwb9q+1b) ,un, az 6n internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work do*qan9zf uzr,hwlam1 6n)+b+oabz, q 6ne?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemc2tui6a;l.9 slkd6 y mp oo//a decreases by 50 J. What is69l/as ; 6you mkao2lc di/tp. the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained 1 o38fr j/h5inz v5qv1iqg5eo at constant volume as it is cooledqv5ni o8fh3e5jq rgo5 i1/1vz by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enek m1odo)cv 5: b+abledejef0xr ,y0:/rgy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in vf,xe :1e5dko :0r+yb dclje0oa/mb) the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg off0 7xju 4eve9 kl+;gfo r:b2hf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses (9w2 r uh *ta-(obhsnf8a1 nkwen*2su3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency?*fa hks( *o9snn2uw82unhat bw e(r -1

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat schju ;vjj) amk:3:kb)lht29per cycle. How much work does it perform in ea))3tk;2:mbhu hs:v9 cjjj klach cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency ofq7qfpk e1izy4qvu;x2fk 9t) 7 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhay2f qk49pxe 7)kz iqfu1t;7 vqust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64k().6z1epp b9 b yzexno1w:io kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatbo 9ez)owp:n( kbzp1i x .e6y1e the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hea2io1.hy+ zgt/78c wtf s8kyust each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eaky/s8.f+g 7h w2iou8 yct1sz tch cycle.

  One of the most efficient enginemat* s k0lr0z2uy34iw gn:ks ;s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = u tks2:gns wym0r*0lk4 ;i 3za$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followo1hki8: r l20 n.q1xf 5wqczbxing characteristics: cocq 0nkbwl: z8h 2xf5 qr1x.1iombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactercrrojiz*o3lv,bc m7op .mz. c-+77dgistics: combustion chambgjo.czo r 7-i3l77r ccm,opvd+b* zm. er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant 1o m f4t ld+yl2h7b, +hiinr*euses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.qw,qi k3z* dz2 The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electfvm;5 qsx-wz ro7p6dfl9bp 5,ric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatesq, .kue2..+ idgqm 2g kpfw)ak between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoreticnj ,tk+a0l dh:h qx.pq)a ep;xjt3r,.al efficiency possible for an engine operating betweenx hxtp .)jteq+pj:,3a.k ;nr,d0haql $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature o*7q9jhomd+ s ln18 efmf the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir idmh * 8q1jmn o+s9fl7es $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwstmr6; l vlsdk *i);d(een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rabn h/d 2m..uc+(fsome te of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mucod/ecbu.f+.s (m mnh2 h work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmenng/ 2ihj 4+qe4j4: t ecuto3):wkl gxgt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyclekl2x/ 3o:e+gng etj uc)ig:44h4qtwj . What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat froe9oke3zvqd3t *mn7e1m the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roq93t3ee1 *vdm7ozenk om. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in 1s+77raji d spvhk 2*xentropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change 1u .y)6rzatvd)((:utdz ohq f in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an is5pi/y wns-9a ,t,qml u5ht ry( gpm9h+othermal expansion and its entropy changesh+i9tgl-wy( 5m9pn ,pau smyrhq,/5 t by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at mb8+p 6jl,ubcity,4n $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.