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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 13 temperature and kinetic theory



 作者: admin   总分: 127分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 25年02月16日 19:56  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which has more atoms: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of alumb767 e)n08 r ifmxxze1j bmha*inum? See the periodic table or App)f 7ajzbe80menm1 xhi6b* rx7 endix B.
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Name several properties oy*yct( 4rwady*5 hdh:f materials that could be exploited to make a thermometer.t4ya*hy*d rc 5: h(wdy
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which is larger, 1 C ,t(w) z ifnotcaqn 1+v m/h86yc6i er5$^{\circ} $ or 1 F $^{\circ} $?
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If system A is in thermal equilibrium with slfliw+mu +8c j 9 )zjxcwib-pao 5:x3.ystem B, but B is not in thermal equilibrium with sysim+xp5ljow8) +cf9jzl cau 3ix:wb-.tem C, what can you say about the temperatures of A, B, and C?
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat bimetallic strip consists of aluminum rtq6m2xl 0f1xq iveted to a strip of iron. When heated, the strip will bend. Which metal will be on the outside om q0 f216xtlxqf the curve? [Hint: See Table 13–1.] Why?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In the relation $\Delta$L = $\alpha$ $L_0$ $\Delta$T, should $L_0$ be the initial length, the final length, or does it matter? Explain.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The units for the cowq0ja: p*a(ga efficient of linear expansion $\alpha$ are $(C?)^{-1}$ and there is no mention of a length unit such as meters. Would the expansion coefficient change if we used feet or millimeters instead of meters? Explain.
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Figure 13–27 shows a diagram of a simple thermostat used onsmt2kq6h-pufr7 9 7 to control a furnace (or other heating or cooling system). The bimetallic o -nqt769hpf 7mr 2kusstrip consists of two strips of different metals bonded together. The electric switch is a glass vessel containing liquid mercury that conducts electricity when it can flow to touch both contact wires. Explain how this device controls the furnace and how it can be set at different temperatures.
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Long steam pipes that are fixed at the ends sytqkq; 5jy: bv,6ik7often have a section in the shape of ,b75kk t iy q;q6jsv:ya U. Why?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat, uniform cyliu*v, szk.yd;t nder of lead floats in mercury at 0 $^{\circ} $ C. Will the lead float higher or lower when the temperature is raised? Explain.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a cold mercury-in-glass thermometer is first place7azvqmz9r4 r1a - fok/d in a hot tub of water, the mercury initially dz -r armoka14zf/9q7vescends a bit and then rises. Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A glass container may break if one part of it is heatzkohyfir d6pm8a9. i8 04fu8f;8wjxg ed or cooled more rapidly than adjacent parts. Explai86 .x;89mfu 4r agf hfzwo dij0y88kipn.
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The principal virtue of Pyretf p /cd*4g9b xl4vy*kes evxl1cyg:0-uy1x5x glass is that its coefficient of linear expansion is much smaller than that for ordinary glass (Table 13–1). Explain why this gives rise to the increased heat reyyf0 /1cg 5v llx:s1- xd**tpxbkye cg49veu4sistance of Pyrex.

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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will a grandfather clock, atihy/jn)b lifd8 y)1+ ccurate at 20 $^{\circ} $ C, run fast or slow on a hot day (30 $^{\circ} $ C)? Explain. The clock uses a pendulum supported on a long, thin brass rod.
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Freezing a can of soda will causq p5ejwnoq9 -5l2,w va 5xgqo1e its bottom and top to bulge so badly the can will not stand up. Whqeqawv,n-21glqo 9ojx p 55w5at has happened?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pushing down j5x qbvm7aepcr/s3g4 6co(:t a piston), its temperature increases. When a jt c 3o6cr5g(q :s/ 4avpeb7mxgas expands against a piston, it cools. Explain these changes in temperature using the kinetic theory, in particular noting what happens to the momentum of molecules when they strike the moving piston.
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will the buoyant force on an aluminum spherk5 ett)*y)jcx42p xzpe submerged in water increase or decrease if the temperature is increased from 20 c)e*xzp5tj)xkp2ty4$^{\circ} $ C to 40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Charles’s law follows from kinetic theory an; t6t0qmr (vwhd the relation between average kinetic energy and 0 mwht r(tqv;6the absolute temperature.
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’s la5d5;gbv s .c3unmsk ) z67qcqcw follows from kinetic theory.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
As you go higher in 0 k2qwl 2w7a*;gdqx2r;ipp cathe Earth’s atmosphere, the ratio of $N_2$ molecules to $O_2$ molecules increases. Why?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the minimum speed an2gf:v2 vp) zx-ryi pwnl*e4 g( object must have to leave the Earth and never return. The escape velocity for the Moon is about one-fifth what it is for the Earth due to the Moon’s smaller mass. Explan2rl 4wvipg(:)f2 x*yevz pg-in why the Moon has practically no atmosphere.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Alcohol evaporates more zlp oe k0:(6wm.nic6wquickly than water at room temperature. What can you infer about tkmno6z :eciw(6lw 0 .phe molecular properties of one relative to the other?
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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why a hot humi59zap+q96pn jt 0x93tld8j e gb )hhnqd day is far more uncomfortable than a hot dry day at the same temperadh l69j 9 3n9 x+ nqeazb80p5)tqgjhtpture.
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24#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible to boil water at b8eonacqwzs-q )b,qpfh *p/k6 e- 7-y room temperature (20 $^{\circ} $ C) without heating it? Explain.
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25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider two days when the air temperature is the same but the humidity is diff5o9sp rkm 04mderent. Which is more dense, the dry air or the humid airod4 m ps9kr5m0 at the same T? Explain.
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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why it is dangerous to open the radiator cap of an overheated au4a/ql5ru v x(vkzv z29tomobile engine.4kv/ 2xvz zv9aru5lq(
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27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why does exhaled air appear ah bjbxf(.) dy,s a little white cloud in the winter (Fig. 13–28)?
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28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many atoms are there in a 3.4-gram copper penncz 2,dk7c+ c,gnif3 qo5, ayqny?   $ \times10^{22}$ atoms of Cu

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does the number of atoms in a 26.5-gram gold ring compare to thtk b,9en0a /f:u:tzafe number in a silver ring of thte:b,naf0/kfuzt: 9a e same mass?$N_{Au}$ =    $N_{Ag}$

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  “Room temperature” is often taken to be 68°F. What is tkpp,j4-*thoi o eb/7wx 97glthis on the Celsius scale?ppo/e,w9lko ght7t- 7 *jb 4xi   $^{\circ} $ C
(b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1800 $^{\circ} $ C. What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Among the highest and lowest tem(knu kxt5) 3sgs;gvn /peratures recorded are 136 $^{\circ} $F in the Libyan desert and -129 $^{\circ} $F in Antarctica. What are these temperatures on the Celsius scale?high =    $^{\circ} $ C
low =    $^{\circ} $ C

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Celsius scale is what Fahrenheit temperature?    $^{\circ} $ F
(b) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Fahrenheit scale is what Celsius temperature?   $^{\circ} $ C

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33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an alcohol-in-glass thermometer, the alcohol column has length 11.82 chch,i fd6- 8aqq(tul .m at 0.0 i-.c (f6,d8quhlaqth $^{\circ} $ C and length 22.85 cm at 100.0 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the temperature if the column has length
(a) 16.70 cm,    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) 20.50 cm?    $^{\circ} $ C

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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A concrete highway is built of slabs 1+)47o/i:cgcmwvwh wh 2 m long (20 $^{\circ} $ C). How wide should the expansion cracks between the slabs be (at 20 $^{\circ} $ C) to prevent buckling if the range of temperature is -30 $^{\circ} $ C to +50 $^{\circ} $ C?    m

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Super Inva$^{TM}$, an alloy of iron and nickel, is a strong material with a very low coefficient of linear expansion [0.2$ \times10^{ -6}$(C?)$^{-1}$]
A 2.0-m-long tabletop made of this alloy is used for sensitive laser measurements where extremely high tolerances are required. How much will this table expand along its length if the temperature increases 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Compare to tabletops made of steel.   $ \times10^{-6 }$ m    $ \times10^{-4 }$ m

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13–29) is built of wrought iron approximately 300 m tallv 4e+ 6m +)0puopcvt,f;ayiuk. Estimate how much its height changes between July (average temperature of 25°C) and January (average temperatu fcp4+iy ,)pvae6;u mu0 kv+otre of 2 $^{\circ} $ C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams, and treat the tower as a vertical beam.    m

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger tha o5sfu-sg,7ukn the rivet hole are often used and the,75uo kg- fuss rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.871 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.869 cm in diameter at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?    $^{\circ} $ C

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of water at 4c ,,zxex; ukd- fo7ox3 $^{\circ} $ C is $ 1\times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is water’s density at 94 $^{\circ} $ C?    kg/$m^3$

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A quartz sphere is 8.75 cm in diapdaznhk8x37*ab nv5t/ (o 7 gumeter. What will be its change in volume if it is hevn5gd bhpa/*737okt(ux8n az ated from 30 $^{\circ} $ C to 200 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{ -2}cm^3$

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350.09 kzd;d.lwa-v mL of water at 100.0$^{\circ} $ C. If the temperature decreased to 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C, how much water could be added to the glass?    mL

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is observed that 55.5ao+nuw.5th(4rl2k-x x uq*r csf*wq (0 mL of water at 20 $^{\circ} $ C completely fills a container to the brim. When the container and the water are heated to 60 $^{\circ} $ C, 0.35 g of water is lost. (a) What is the coefficient of volume expansion of the container?    $ \times10^{-5 }$ /$C^0$(b) What is the most likely material of the container? The density of water at 60°C is 0.98324g/ml.

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42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) A brass plug is to be placed in mdf xt1 h4.8.s.a o2vmc)dmwza ring made of iron. At 20 $^{\circ} $ C, the diameter of the plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) What if the plug were iron and the ring brass?    $^{\circ} $ C

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43#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a fluid is contained in a long, narrow vessel so it cant6 - ;to e2k4r /z6zbjhnoxf0j expand in essentially one direction only, show that the effective coefficient of linear expansion is appf4-6h r0znbj o;6x/2oez tjktroximately equal to the coefficient of volume expansion $\beta$.
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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Show that the ch hh/6whg .a/cbange in the density $\rho$ of a substance, when the temperature changes by $\Delta$T is given by $\rho$ = -$\beta$$\rho$$\Delta$T
(b) What is the fractional change in density of a lead sphere whose temperature decreases from 25 $^{\circ} $ C to -40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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45#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A uniform rectangular p 9nrzp(bnq(hf x*,k l.late of length l and width w has coefficient of linear expansr bqf(*9lnhk p(.z,n xion $\alpha$ Show that, if we neglect very small quantities, the change in area of the plate due to a temperature change $\Delta$T is $\Delta$A = 2$\alpha l w$$\Delta$T See Fig. 13–30.

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for an isotropic solidr8qjqec9fo3 (, $\beta$ = 3$\alpha$ if the amount of expansion is small. $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are the coefficients of volume and linear expansion, respectively. [Hint: Consider a cubical solid, and neglect very small quantities. See also Problem 18 and Fig. 13–30.]

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47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pendulum in a grandfather clock is made of brass and keeps x/w5u eg(6gxwx,b 9pdperfect time at 17 6uw 9 x,dw/x5xg(gebp $^{\circ} $ C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 25 $^{\circ} $ C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.)$\approx$    min(Round to the nearest integer)

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) The tube of a mercury sfdz/ms-wh d56)pa,y thermometer has an inside diameter of 0.140 mm. The bulb has a vold)5mf 6h zs/dsp-wya ,ume of 0.255 $cm^3$ How far will the thread of mercury move when the temperature changes from 11.5 $^{\circ} $ C to 33.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Take into account expansion of the Pyrex glass.    cm(b) Determine a formula for the length of the mercury column in terms of relevant variables. Ignore tube volume compared to bulb volume.

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 23.4-kg solid aluminum cylindrim**rtk k)3mtnmr u;/gcal wheel of radius 0.41 m is rotating about its axle on frictionless bearings with n3k)r/kmt ;ugrm* mt* angular velocity $\omega$ = 32.8 rad/s If its temperature is now raised from 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C to 75.0 $^{\circ} $ C, what is the fractional change in $\omega$?   

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum bar has the desired length when at 15°C. How much stress is requiretej9pud 0l kd+5p09bcjpca/ 3 d to keep it at this length if the temd9c pe0pdlc30 jtuk9j +/ bpa5perature increases to 35 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{7 }$ N/$m^2$

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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) A horizontal steel I-beam ov *m:a u(m6paqf cross-sectional area 0.041$m^2$ is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 30$^{\circ} $ C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to -30 $^{\circ} $ C (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13$m^2$ Will it fracture?
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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A barrel of diameter 134.122 cm at 20neb )tbm1rr-d(td( n,$^{\circ} $ C is to be enclosed by an iron band. The circular band has an inside diameter of 134.110 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C. It is 7.4 cm wide and 0.65 cm thick.
(a) To what temperature must the band be heated so that it will fit over the barrel? $\approx$   $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) What will be the tension in the band when it cools to 20$^{\circ} $ C?    N

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What are the following tem;w 4 w2rjtml p7uja+w+peratures on the Kelvin scale:
(a) 86$^{\circ} $ C,    K
(b) 78$^{\circ} $F,    K
(c) -100$^{\circ} $C    K
(d) 5500°C,    K
(e) -459$^{\circ} $F    K

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Absolute zero is what temperature on the Fahrt9xeo+-sr;1 xgcitt94 s 1f jvro+1s fenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Typical temperatures in tz: 8dpvdxnadepx v,,92r * n/hhe interior of the Earth and Sun are about 4000$^{\circ} $ C and $ \times10^{6 }$ $^{\circ} $ C respectively.
(a) What are these temperatures in kelvins?    K    $ \times10^{ 6}$K
(b) What percent error is made in each case if a person forgets to change $^{\circ} $ C to K? $\approx$    %(Round to the nearest integer) $\approx$    %(Round to three decimal places)

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56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 3 $m^2$ of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 38.0$^{\circ} $ C. What is the volume?    $m^3$

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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an internal combustion engine, air at atmospheric pressure and a temperatur ( dt76ksw(mc- lrlyw6e of about 2ly(-( mw tk6s 6wcl7rd0$^{\circ} $C is compressed in the cylinder by a piston to $\frac{1}{9}$ of its original volume (compression ratio = 9.0). Estimate the temperature of the compressed air, assuming the pressure reaches 40 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the density of oxygen at STP using x1jpicl1 m hk5dtfz4m9 4t 4 ws2f7,ucthe ideal gas law.    kg/$m^3$

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank contains 21.6 kg ofm8z+r9a 5ivmw(.dni vv vtu7 3c/3pvf nitrogen ($N_2$) at an absolute pressure of 3.65 atm. What will the pressure be if the nitrogen is replaced by an equal mass of $CO_2$    atm

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank at STP contk0wd3yxrz4*vsk *7caz (nr 0 oains 18.5 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$)
(a) What is the volume of the tank? $\approx$   $m^3$(“Round to one decimal places)
(b) What is the pressure if an additional 15.0 kg of nitrogen is added without changing the temperature?    $ \times10^{5 }$Pa    atm

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 18.75 mol of helium gasca,luk00)q dnnd y 5y6 is at 10.0$^{\circ} $C and a gauge pressure of 0.350 atm, (a) calculate the volume of the helium gas under these conditions.    $m^3$
(b) Calculate the temperature if the gas is compressed to precisely half the volume at a gauge pressure of 1.00 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the pressure inside a b1xvg/*scq6 q 6lt)bu 35.0-L container holding 105.0 kg of argon gas at 385 Kquvc)s tg/xl6b*qb61   $ \times10^{ 8}$Pa

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tank contains 26.0 kg of yaj/(oqwn6so mz1w18$O_2$ gas at a gauge pressure of 8.70 atm. If the oxygen is replaced by helium, how many kilograms of the latter will be needed to produce a gauge pressure of 7.00 atm?    kg He

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A hot-air balloon achieves its buoyant u57g ykt2)fe tlift by heating the air inside the balloon, whic)2etut f y57kgh makes it less dense than the air outside. Suppose the volume of a balloon is 1800 $m^3$ and the required lift is 2700 N (rough estimate of the weight of the equipment and passenger). Calculate the temperature of the air inside the balloon which will produce the required lift. Assume that the outside air temperature is 0 $^{\circ} $ C and that air is an ideal gas under these conditions. What factors limit the maximum altitude attainable by this method for a given load? (Neglect variables like wind.) $\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tire is filled with a +c c6w*agp5nahcag+,ir at 15 $^{\circ} $ C to a gauge pressure of 220 kPa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 38 $^{\circ} $ C, what fraction of the original air must be removed if the original pressure of 220 kPa is to be maintained?    %

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 61.5 L of oxygen at 18.. 8 b /q6fgy.j-v3ycldaii9ew 0 $^{\circ} $ C and an absolute pressure of 2.45 atm are compressed to 48.8 L and at the same time the temperature is raised to 50.0°C, what will the new pressure be?    atm

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A helium-filled balloon eiq*o0; gc:rt1 p2uk skscapes a child’s hand at sea level and 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C. When it reaches an altitude of 3000 m, where the temperature is 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C and the pressure is only 0.70 atm, how will its volume compare to that at sea level?    times the original volume

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the number of moleculerf +b1qqc y12*szqp :7n fzwa6s / $m^3$ in an ideal gas at STP.    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules /$m^3$

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L? How many moleculeskhkd a wm6xkd3 i h-p l5c2lzfgx+4)*1?    mol    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of (a) mod4dpyg kz g6t go4b,88les,    $ \times10^{22 }$ moles and (b) molecules of water in all the Earth’s oceans. Assume water covers 75% of the Earth to an average depth of 3 km. $\approx$    $ \times10^{46 }$ molecules

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cubic box of volume 5.1 l*es7kek b w.0+fi8eq$ \times10^{ -2}m^3$ is filled with air at atmospheric pressure at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. The box is closed and heated to 180 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the net force on each side of the box?    N

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate how many molecules of air are in each 2.0-L breath you inhale that fs 8eth;0,yxua0js 5 iwere also in the last breath Galileo took. [Hint: Assume the atmosphere is about 10 km high and of constant d uf80 seh;ais x0,ty5jensity.]   $\frac{molecules}{breath}$

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73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the average translational kinetic enk(3:tr i n7lr7-zs:f;oc xexqergy of an oxygen molecule at STPxt::zf soknr 7lce-qxir (7 ;3?    $ \times10^{-21 }$ J
(b) What is the total translational kinetic energy of 2.0 mol of $O_2$ molecules at 20 $^{\circ} $ C?   $ \times10^{3 }$ J

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the rms speed.ju-h1 no 3qqn of helium atoms near the surface of the Sun at a temperature of about 6000 K. - 3n. uhn1oqjq   m/s

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By what factor will the rms speed of gas molecules increase if the tet,vw;u a8o *1skxni z:mperature is increase,:vsw io;z n 1tkxau*8d from 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 100 $^{\circ} $ C?   

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must it be raised to double the rms speed of its molecules?    $^{\circ} $ C

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Twelve molecules have the followin;j2 l*z.zhya3p a 3pagg speeds, given in units of km/s: 6, 2, 4, 6, 0, 4, 1, 8, 5, 3, j l 3.h3zgaa2ypa; zp*7, and 8. Calculate the rms speed. $v_{rms}$ =    km/s

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The rms speed of molecules in a gae,2z4opr fsp *uakqt.m+7f8 r6d5c cms at 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C is to be increased by 1.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?    $^{\circ} $ C

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure of a gas is doubled while i+80nyllzmj0qu7xmqfo0 ()u hffn ,l*ts volume is held constant, by what factor do)xll7ju *f ,+ f(00y0mfm onu8qlnqzhes $v_{rms}$ change?   

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80#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the rms speed of mol;5h trluhq4 yg 51rpnt0 mcb+2ecules in a gas is given by $v_{rms}$ = $\sqrt{3P\\rho}$ where P is the pressure in the gas, and $\rho$ is the gas density.
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81#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for a mixture of two gases at the same +uers.z wo(h+ 6 xn+tftemperature, the ratio of their rms speeds is equal to the inverse ratio of the square rf 6+.teh ow+zsn(+xr uoots of their molecular masses.
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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed ;hv 1sd(alhh5of nitrogen molecules contained in an 8.5$-m^3$ volume at 2.1 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1300 mol?    m/s

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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate (a) the rms speed of an oxygen mo*dv ul8o7y;c ilecule at 0 $^{\circ} $ C    m/s
(b) determine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 7.0-m-long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.    round trips per sec

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average distanq/6 (/o ajnvocl8hg*ice between nitrogen molecules at STP?    $ \times10^{-9 }$m

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid whose molecular mass is 89 u ib n itnwl-t2km36+kh,v+ o3 gun a living cell2n+ ,vmk+tt oiw kbg33h u6nl- at 37 $^{\circ} $ C.    m/s
(b) What would be the rms speed of a protein of molecular mass 50,000 u at 37 $^{\circ} $ C?    m/s

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86#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the pressure P of a gas canjir d-4 3is1k07 xtktt be written P = $\frac(1)(3)\rho v^2$ where $\rho$ is the density of the gas and v is the rms speed of the molecules.
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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The two isotopes of uranium, 0r*pg41 ngcl:za+wcm $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U (the superscripts refer to their atomic mass), can be separated by a gas-diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound UF$_6$ Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T.   

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88#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phases cabk3 7qd(; lxern $CO_2$ exist? (b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can $CO_2$ be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–21.
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89#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Water is in which phase when the pressure is :g9bt d x2k)i 6sp x2j)5mwxdp0.01 atm and the temperature is (a) 90gpd:d 5t6 2m9b )k piwxx)xsj2 $^{\circ} $ C, (b) -20 $^{\circ} $ C.
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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the dew point (approximately) if the humidity is 50% on a d e)p e8.6fpb 8;kdoavm) ,ayza rr/)hiay when the temperarf))iv,db raemk8 /p.e;a8 z o6ha)ypture is 25 $^{\circ} $ C?$\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the air pressure at +ce6p,yz ta:j a place where water boils at 90 $^{\circ} $ C?    torr    Pa    atm

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the air pressure at an* (/ v*di7qmj+ zcll; a2tqaz particular place in the mountains is 0.72 atm, estimate the temperaati/( m7;qqzlj*cd *vn+z al2ture at which water boils. $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the temperature on a day when the partial pressure o(2 .ky xih7c+mkx-tjyf water is 530 Pa and the yy-kcmx+ i7 x2 kj(.htrelative humidity is 40%? $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the partial pressure of water on a day when the 9 *iq3ruzac*gy/j37 t )chfx7mpzz6j temperature is 25 $^{\circ} $ C and the relative humidity is 35%?    Pa

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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the approximate pressure inside a pressugqogq lt:3;i b/j:bp. re cooker if the water is boiling at a tempertb/bqq;ggol j: pi:3.ature of 120 $^{\circ} $ C? Assume no air escaped during the heating process, which started at 20 $^{\circ} $ C.    atm

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the humidity in a room of8rkr n-kw. x5 -gt.6te m*urlx volume 680$m^3$ at 25 $^{\circ} $ C is 80%, what mass of water can still evaporate from an open pan?    kg

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Air that is at its de ,fy:7mngz tm1xntc --w point of 5 $^{\circ} $ C is drawn into a building where it is heated to 25. What will be the relative humidity at this temperature? Assume constant pressure of 1.0 atm. Take into account the expansion of the air.    %

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the time needed for a glycine molecule (se bm0eb pesvnge1c2,ebg 3g u2 f+,/y4)f,hqz ue Table 13–4) to diffuse a distance2vg )yg zn+0e1, h/fcgep2 f,mbq4b u, ebus3e of 15 $\mu m$ in water at 20$^{\circ} $ C if its concentration varies over that distance from 1 mol/$m^3$ to 0.4 mol/$m^3$ Compare this “speed” to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u. t $\approx$    s ([color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)]Round to one decimal places) $v_{diffuse}$    $ \times10^{ -5}$ m/s
$v_{rms}$    m/s


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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen diffuses from the surface of t3clh r0- l1nxinsects to the interior through tiny tubes called th- x3r10ncltlracheae. An average trachea is about 2 mm long and has cross-sectional area of $ 2\times10^{-9 } m^2$ Assuming the concentration of oxygen inside is half what it is outside in the atmosphere,
(a) show that the concentration of oxygen in the air (assume 21% is oxygen) at 20$^{\circ} $ C is about 8.7 mol/$m^3$ then $\approx$    mol/$m^3$(Round to one decimal places)
(b) calculate the diffusion rate J,    $ \times10^{-11 }$ mol/s
(c) estimate the average time for a molecule to diffuse in. Assume the diffusion constant is $ 1\times10^{-5 } m^2/s$    s

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape measure has been calibrated at cd:wzo);+lx+ kb(; pc:lzg. 9 xfnlku 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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101#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape mea39pkp - kxsxcr,w j4v4sure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Pyrex measuring cup was calibrapbes2x4 8iey6mvny +i5-o1l e ted at normal room temperature. How much error will be made in a recipe calling for 300 mL of cool water, if the water and the cup are hot,y 6iev 5peonbms-82 e4i1lyx+ at 80$^{\circ} $C, instead of at 20$^{\circ} $C? Neglect the glass expansion.$\approx$    ml

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103#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The gauge pressure in a helium ga26 - tl2spny3 dzdir7ts cylinder is initially 28 atm. After many balloons have been blown up, the gauge pressure has decreased to 5 atm. What fraction of the original gas remains in the cylinderi6 7p -tstyn2z 23rldd?   

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104#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of af1z1x7w,ht n2cdjh6o axd +- cir molecules in a room of length 6.5 m, width 3.1 m, and height 2.5 m. Assume theh wz 7cx2f61otn-xdhdc +j, 1a temperature is 22$^{\circ} $C. How many moles does that correspond to?    $\times10^{27 }$ molecules    moles

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In outer space the density of matter is abou z5gvmzsy-x h09ak((vt one atom per $cm^3$ mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.7 K. Calculate the rms speed of these hydrogen atoms, and the pressure (in atmospheres).$v_{rms}$ =    m/s    $ \times10^{-22 }$ atm

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106#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The lowest pressure attainable using the best available vacuu+-, 9y aibmpjqm techniques is about ,-mpbyai j+q9 $10^{-12} N/m^2$ At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $cm^3$ at 0$^{\circ} $C?    $\frac{molecules}{cm^3}$

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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a scuba diver fills his lungs to full capacity of 5.5 L wh01db2 ikyl(zu;2 nusv en 10 m below the surface, to what volume would2s (li1zb2ukd vn0y;u his lungs expand if he quickly rose to the surface? Is this advisable?    L

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A space vehicle returninww9 *h )r)fd2 dxur3cig from the Moon enters Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of about 40,000 km/h Molecules (assume nitrogen) striking the nose of the vehicle with this speed correspond to what temperature? (Because of this high temperature, the nose of a space vehicle must be made of special materials; indeed, part of it does vaporize, and this i* f)wrd9)d3hrx wci2us seen as a bright blaze upon reentry.)    K

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109#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an ideal gas is u1(u f)i l*3yta a7twjincreased from 110$^{\circ} $C to 360$^{\circ} $C while the volume and the number of moles stay constant. By what factor does the pressure change? By what factor does $v_{rms}$ change?$\frac{P_2}{P_1}$ =    $\frac{(v_{rms})_2}{(v_{rms})_1}$ =   

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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A house has a volume o .jlt-tp,hdm 3f 770m$^2$ (a) What is the total mass of air inside the house at 20$^{\circ} $C?    kg
(b) If the temperature drops to -10$^{\circ} $C what mass of air enters or leaves the house?    kg

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  From the known value of atmospheric pressure at the surface of the Eartlbuz v6hz32, k8trr2ch, estimate the total number of air molecules in the Earth’s atmosphet 3hk 86rb2rv, ulczz2re.    $ \times10^{44 }$ molecules

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112#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogxvvv)u f;o3a2vb(c j )en molecules contained in a 7.6$-m^3$ volume at 4.2 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1800 mol?    m/s

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113#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A standard cylinder of oxygen used in a hos ku+s*jtq3*idpital has gauge pressure = 2000 psi (13,800 kPa) and at T = 259K How long will the cylinder last if the flow rate, measured at atmospheri*squ+* 3kdj tic pressure, is constant at 2.4 L/min. $\approx$    hour

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114#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An iron cube floats in a bowl of liquid mercurp6a2av 2p5b 9 4hkzkq0ivted-y at 0$^{\circ} $C. (a) If the temperature is raised to 25$^{\circ} $C, will the cube float higher or lower in the mercury? 
(b) By what percent will the fraction of volume submerged change?    %

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115#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of gasoline atj+pu igvs+k(k;seu 5 . 0$^{\circ} $C is 0.68$ \times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is the density on a hot day, when the temperature is 38$^{\circ} $C?    kg/$m^3$
What is the percentage change?    %

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116#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a steel band were to fit sdq ,j;a ewq 0.c8e7wx 7.qtb/a9nogdx nugly around the Earth’s equator at 25$^{\circ} $C, but then was heated to 45$^{\circ} $C, how high above the Earth would the band be (assume equal everywhere)?    m

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117#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A brass lid screws tightly onto a g/feu3* 5sicefro om+1c j1+ nwlass jar at 20$^{\circ} $C. To help open the jar, it can be placed into a bath of hot water. After this treatment, the temperatures of the lid and the jar are both 60$^{\circ} $C. The inside diameter of the lid is 8.0 cm at 20$^{\circ} $C. Find the size of the gap (difference in radius) that develops by this procedure.    cm

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118#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The first length standaz/7 1m+6nmvi yc vepo4rd, adopted in the 18$^{th}$ century, was a platinum bar with two very fine marks separated by what was defined to be exactly 1 m. If this standard bar was to be accurate to within $\pm1.0 \mu m$ how carefully would the trustees have needed to control the temperature? The coefficient of linear expansion for platinum is $ 9\times10^{ -6}C/^{-1}$. $\pm$ =    C$^{\circ} $

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119#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba tank, when fully charged, has a pressure of 195 atm a.yicg i5)* zgpe 8-zh;9hiv7kfk qp(o7-mrkqt 20$^{\circ} $C. The volume of the tank is 11.3 L.
(a) What would the volume of the air be at 1.00 atm and at the same temperature?    L
(b) Before entering the water, a person consumes 2.0 L of air in each breath, and breathes 12 times a minute. At this rate, how long would the tank last?    min
(c) At a depth of 20.0 m of sea water and temperature of 10$^{\circ} $C, how long would the same tank last assuming the breathing rate does not change?    min

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120#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The escape speed from the Ea-sfusv,abyyqw -*ri6hl)o nh*:k/ 0jrth is $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$ so a gas molecule travelling away from Earth near the outer boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed, be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field. At what temperature is the average speed of
(a) oxygen molecules,    $ \times10^{5 }$K
(b) helium atoms equal to $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$    $ \times10^{4}$K
(c) Can you see why our atmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?

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121#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 1.0-kg trash-can lid is suspended against gravity by tennis bxq9k/ by:b nz d:nd:m* lo7:bgalls thrown vertically upward at it. How many tennis balls per second must rebound from the lid elastically, assuming they have a mass of 0.060 kg and are thrown at 1z:x gby/lbd onq9:*d: mkb7n :2m/s   balls/s

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122#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba diver releases a 3.00-cm-diameter (sphericayx:j. )uaipa3 9cgtq,l) bubble of air from a depth of 14.0 m in a lake. Assume the temperature is constant at 298 K, and the ai.y g,cx39t iuq) jaa:pr behaves as a perfect gas. How large is the bubble when it reaches the surface?    cm

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123#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the total water vapor prp24k+ cthvu9mj v pg(m,sb4z0essure in the air on the following two days: 0csm 4m,vu249b+(z vhpkp g jt
(a) a hot summer day, with the temperature 30$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 40%;    Pa
(b) a cold winter day, with the temperature 5$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 80%.    Pa

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124#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sauna has 7$m^3$ of air volume, and the temperature is 90$^{\circ} $C. The air is perfectly dry. How much water (in kg) should be evaporated if we want to increase the relative humidity from 0% to 10%? (See Table 13–3.)    kg


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125#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the percent difference in the density 9mpd 46yqap8* 0hv(k5phzcwyof iron at STP, and when it is a solid deep in the Earth where the tempyzkyp6pd hvhcwp0a*54mq (89 erature is 2000$^{\circ} $C and under 5000 atm of pressure. Assume the bulk modulus (90$\times 10^9N/m^2$) and the coefficient of volume expansion do not vary with temperature and are the same as at STP.    %  

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126#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Use the ideal gas law to show that, for ao7 .cbu(1 .rk-zpifds6stt2oban9 s(3rhb 8 en ideal gas at constant pressure, the coeff1 atp u-si(r2o.r3n6zk cts.78 9deo s bh(bbficient of volume expansion is equal to $\beta$ = 1/T where T is the temperature in kelvins. Compare to Table 13–1 for gases at T = 293K (b) Show that the bulk modulus (Section 9–5) for an ideal gas held at constant temperature is B = P where P is the pressure.
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127#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In humid climates, peoplsioon 8e5vb tii6(9lt if (6m6nm s3u)e constantly dehumidify their cellars to prevent rot and mildew. If the cellas3oob it)f nsul(t5 9(m ve6m866n iiir in a house (kept at 20$^{\circ} $C) has 95 $m^2$ of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.8 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 30%?    kg

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