The process shown on the T-V grapupz oo ddph(h mcb/)1n-0-73+aykfo wh is an

  In an isothermal pro3mw2z n0tk6 hacess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam9tzuji/ t:hf)- oj br,ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with n/;ge d4b ju5.8imzw zio change in its temperature. This /e54.zdi8i;uw mgbzjprocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed ishngu(z (,wp7;kqf38xdizded8 2ygunh h3 :h 4othermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 nhqu :2fghd (8id7y (dx,38 e4huhzwg;p3knz J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumk4 c.5vk czfz6u *6wynn,3a,j,udhwx e during an isothermal process. The final pressure of znvkuuhwc,ka*3 wyf,x6j.d6c, 4 n z5the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L*x 9vnfv vh tas5+sw.4 to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechani hvtss9+wn5f.4vx av* sm that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. iwfj7 e2)jwe1qma /dr t;s-1zp5ov1k During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its s5i wd1j j eopsq12)zmkefrtv7aw -1;/urroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermx7) mqq8stunhdul;k .27 qz 7wodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume dur45dvt u8uf ncs/yl:kt xd2 sl9zk)cy*) dqr /+ing an adiabatic process. Thes l xt/9qncky2: d4+u5 k)fty dzdc*lvs8)ur/ final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinde0ihm hes1fbu,4zk ; 7d;ik5b ars of gas identical in all respects except that one contains i;bm5b7dkh; 1, ikf zuhea0 s4$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al fl0xwbo 1r*.yl respects except that one containsb.ro 1* fyx0lw $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on th95rs k 8scxmb4e PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric procesz.lw 0b5h j2kts, there is no change in

  When the first law ofng rro8,n0yi 2te7 1 fbg2bzb0s2fq 8j thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to iemfw k;pm2nop:0x 9 gy;*mn91k/ bki j9lva(ot. This promofn9; m0kp*a(:we jv1bxp /om9gi9;kl n yk2cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samplt,l5+hs 87 qbq+-nyyjc-bjg2 ieb9cr e of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal ene5+q+ ch-s blgce rbjbq9t7 -2yj8niy, rgy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram (r9t zncc9np o)wy*i 9is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change i,4)xx tthbwa,e;3sxgwe gl6)n

  When the first law of thermodynamict26z bs(8gmoi vr9ui0s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thaoby8 i(d.p.mo1u yfg0f( k wr xod795qt cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. 0b k fqwidd 58rofxp ou((.7. 1yg9yom This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at coz oz)l/(1c)nxza: jtvnstant volume. As a result, th(xj 1/lzvtzac )z)n:oe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of themp76 g:eg tfwsh,d:e1rmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir toa t/xg 5 do.r+0w/lrzg a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cov :h q3 qdwgy4 a)9q9vj+z;ixild reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thb8f)3 uvpi5cuh9 b+lf ermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle i/ 3hbh- soj ;ynra7m:lllustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatingn /mbjh:o ;rls73y-a h on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat enginskaczmxmn05.6; v an)e is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot jwuodhxpg9i o 29s2 37b4s,)yhl s;anma.tg, engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must7 bg23hsx9 o g9 4;yd.asnm2lh)oa, j,u piwst be

  A Carnot cycle consists o-bkorxx*)pzy a p8ek8ha s,.qc +xhwk0+bs*. f

Give the Kelvin-Planck sta(qzm 8q u:x1zmtement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratctzc m8gy 9 *21qx k6(t6hnixhor is defined as the ratio oftn c6(h cx82xyz 6 qht*m9ig1k

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined aiib)9d,bvhpi/ o *em, s the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wf gm ,*,. xturdn;chc+ater

  According to the second law 6at;dmvg5 y30 dldg6xhz+b b9of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an vb6gm9x0dh36; l z5+ byddag tisolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of theci rr:dt)y +gq 3)tfrmu 29r)vz/1urw second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamicsg+8gheu,j:s (dvgu:u leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fro-sotw2b;yx8 pm an ideal gas. What is t t8w-; o2ysxpbhe change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 3rf.qbdbz +eym2;f-h is the work done in the bdye+r.bh;z2-f m fq 3process?

  The work done on an i,qmxngfb uipql/ jg:)r p* ,yn6f+91u deal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change inq +p:)lfnu6gi/p,*xj,1nfbg y m9qru internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chaqc/ *pq ejb5s4nge in internal energs*/cq e5p j4bqy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. W8k)t8ytph) j bhat is the ct h)pyt8 j)bk8hange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the i3by:nsbby f7 . jr,en4nternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don 347nyf ye jbn:.r,bsbe?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 ck1y(7 pitsao256 -xq hr qu.+lakv 5hJ. What is ttv 1oah.5ykxi h l +kqa(r62 s5upqc7-he heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic ga3 ly*1/ nwvnbis is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is v/*l3 b1nwi ynaccomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J7an0oft494cjona*rbz 7 , kcu of energy is removed from it. How many molaonbct jnf,9 ck4ora47z0*7u es of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 /fkzq+ 40h0a(ed ymfkg -1 j2as*ebpwkg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eachx gvgdfh:h,l mc756xn 60j-t2 kr88rfrofxz 3 cycle. What is the efficiency?h2ro7nxldf8-r 5:z6xc, 03x6gffv8grkm jt h

  A heat engine has an efficie 69clh6qxmkx :ncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much9l:hcx6k x6 qm work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivee k6ggzq6.e 0oxpoap:9ul +h6 s 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?6u:+ lgk opzege6 o 90qxpa6.h

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhakf2fj-o7)b(igd2 s c lusts 42 kcal. Calculateli7d2c)(s- k go2ff jb the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal r 6fl/3 ;s-:) erv6v5tyczpgq7wbdvuof heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycleg6/ uv5wr bsl)vvzrpd : ;q-ft7yc3 6e.

  One of the most efficient engines buiww*f-cy . /( d-ssqly pyxbnji7)7-zllt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperlsy7y7. xw)zpwb -sfjqn / ly-icd*- (ature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient enginzs1m j4 wel,8o 9lwqu5es built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempe94e mws 1ljlquz8wo, 5rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so farrvq+0;y : pjdp has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatu d;pr:pqv0j y+re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gen+zdq)k9xak9hjp 3e .ydx p +/werates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Ths- g4i b.c p 0cwol;pbs.27kbye plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gener 6;i wt/wvkk1k6vf(wvates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between2hc q gri+1,gn $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine opw+)/yuq b es0derating betweenq wudybe0+ )/s $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engini5:z tuj;es(u e is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reserv5e sjz (;:uutioir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be;vvp( zgd-i -gzwkya2u bm. *i )7li (dneg3;xtween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartme4oh8z q r9yax-nt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i-ya89zh4ox qr s required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing 0 auzg; kpkn+15 gxl)hcompartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffici+5gp01z k)g luhxa nk;ent of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, hwc *kdq +;8nfhxcxi(hn) 4 9xa refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much woxhck9cq+nxh(4)i n f*;d8 hx wrk input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice81xam-x id5tqdvo uz ap:2(tv 2;g7 ne melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enb36dcxk+ou d, tropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal eexi ucrv0jz.*wu0 ;0 oxpansion and its entropy changes bzcjxi00eu;. ow uv0r*y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at i:8mot gb dr(lb+ay,-$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.