The process shown on ts ,thxjybw3 69v j--hohe T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no wgr9 ybqb9vr: 7:j fy:cadj;/w0b 8mnchange in

  When the first law of thermodyne r3f7,p (bijbjvm91yu u3s-wamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with nd5n 16l3xfixx o change in its temperature. This process5xxl1x6f d3 ni is

  An ideal gas is compressed isory4upx30c;en7 of:ljthermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is4 r:exfy 3l; 0ujn7cop the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durps hox c2 j8-yvsh9(m:ing an isothermal procesmj s29-x:y ps (cvo8hhs. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermall m:6.ev hu8fply from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J flm6eph : u.8vof energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, th: r98d+nr9mwc*bc6 a u:sk.c wdyuq1l e gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proces. w c98rurdaqkb:*1m wsl6 cn+c:duy9s is

  When the first law of thec( i;*/qq hryvrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an asrcslt+7(g+je *e (r ddiabatic process. The final pres(tl ee *sj+gc+rr7 ds(sure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders o*oqob dvvcpj:49l8)yf gas identical in all respects except that one contains9pydc*vloqoj :4b ) v8 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o5no oe 3moq j7,0oh*dnne contains nhooo7ond0 ,5 3j qme*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dr+4 8lv eoih+d4; npraiagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no changyku/x,e1q dz 8e in

  When the first law of thermodyk,3 si ch5 nj kc*8re*lsg(av8namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pr7 uwq /f/ftwje;0v, siocess iwisfjw 0/fe/, v7t;qu s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal g+.yc p f2ddv/izp9bpr v1fdu yr3)e(1 as at constant pressure. As a result, the inter)( +cdifypvud3 re pv12/rfzy1b p d9.nal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram c.s;niis3 ) qeis

  In an isochoric process, there is z/8y:m5xa9oxdtew7 nno change in

  When the first law of thermody 7f1jrzz+i4st.wz.2ho3uirz namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addew2v +mlc6 ; jn0:qxehdd to it. This p 6xqc:n e;0mljhd2v+wrocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transm+.zv: vpqmc (nv4tq7r*b 0p ma5/ qecferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As acn5.0 v mbv+m*cp4 tm pz/:v (q7eqraq result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamicsoo1qu i6wa 7k,.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoi p+ s pgeq,2759)abyw+tddwhxr +6hxvr?

  Is it possible to tran pke,0t8klk 2ksfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordv b 7nfsyfqc, 955;kgfp* 4kuying to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through theaw (4of6+x(srj4mu cnog 3qfvmq9 3+z cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating ( r+3 fczum(qfw6sg4v qjo4n x9o3 m+aon this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined 50 + is-fafynras the ratio of

  If the theoretical eff3ol* pz4m6idh iciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musl3podih 4z m*6t be

  A Carnot cycle consi osqhq;gr3(a 3sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of .od:d tfe0pef 2k/koz:+o6ksthe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of 1z-/o)lmh hwe1e 1 ssis tf9m6a refrigerator is defined as the ratio olms1 zh69te)ss fe/w1 1omih-f

  The coefficient of performance (CO(5 nfbu+z9fleP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entro7pa yrbt2y.jt4* c;8bw nn1bopy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pro e:u(ve 3nmtztnpfn(mxz +el2.e -h)+cess that may occur within an isolated system, which z2vxn emn)pue(3fn+ tht+-m e(lz:.e one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the se wp g.q u5/uoc*-jgn0icond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to .di: d*platj :conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frb7++kxrk 0d/ep6le71bllifs0 s nya(om an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ene+rasn6e0yse+ x(kbkl/d70 fl17ipb l rgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an i9lc8eoux )q(f04cgfro r,ms8f :sbd /deal gas. What is the work done in the procesm/ 8 cfrr8d l bq:ue)s (os9fo,g4cf0xs?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isoth,9oe/,*gwgr zuj3 spulxbh-.r w g+ d5ermal process is -400 J. What is the change i uj3 *x ,z 5,h/9gwgrg .u-er+spodwlbn internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Whats6u/rdc 1et 48)glqfu is the change in interna8q lcfrst4)ud e6g /u1l energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh 0x-x1 g5ex*argo+cf myn7kg8at is the change in interna5g 0 1r+nacfg7xokyxm-8* gexl energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha::d9 *eobr+wc wcy p5kt is bw9*o dpcecwr+:ky 5:the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5y8(z z.hp4z2fln-ovsg j m +1g0 J. What is the heat2+vhjsozlzpymn. f4g- 8 (gz1 exchange?

  A certain amount of ee cp n 9v6 rwd9x (b:8vjplw.py,9,jxa monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Tdxj b( n pp e.6jv8 cler9,y9xvww,9p:his feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant vo+ wgadlqc xcp,)e0a/0 lume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas wdcql,+aac)0/e x p0g are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kqe0 wh1vtro- m1nb(a,8. ogi cg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat(zebjn2c(utd kt8 ni9a *o n52 and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficien2nno*2 k9(ti5tda(uze b8nc j cy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency5 9k( k.5j8raydb fful of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform i(kfb k yldar5859 fu.jn each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficienc9rw wdvse o7cb-h, :s2mezp3dd8 co+qf( 4 w,ry of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycdh o:eqc swp(r83+9es2z cm,dfw,-7 o4v wdr ble?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat 5)y8b gdcgxb7pu-4gq o +;svi each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency o di5 qog +8gy;gcxb4-)uv7 pbsf each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcabd.et1c -4n vnl. Calculate the work done eacn -dn .cv41ebth cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chx c-dosc ::r(j9i ld0uaracteristics: comudsj:d9: r0 (ci -oclxbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followir8 o(d 3qstc-hng characteristics: combustion chamber tem ct3sr8( -ohdqperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engin.o qmsf uhi1s u 1o2kdy-de7,9es built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatu isy1 2.q9 -k,d7mooesfuuh1dre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates6nao,pn:okuf/*bn7 q a*o 8el 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generatescmo +rwjr)w1 9* 1laoq 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 603 zfw j*c1 eyh0s. sm90aux/np0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiencp.;ys4v 8ym .vyktcj. y of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoreticaldb,jwec00 uyjzf *q 3- efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe00z-jqef 3w dj,bycu*en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot en ws+.y z 9nzga 06dmj1eklk d7(s93dengine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold res sze yk99(adwn.g +z 6l0j nd7emkd13servoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between gj,x) z)p:)becgqer 6 $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removqjw+8) l* o.3ifsloik es heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How m*j oqi.+lkw8osli 3f) uch work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compary h2i) gc1pzn 6hby(2:d pcno3r3pjo,tment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 21nypzgn2o3i ) h odh3 cr:j(,cp2b6 yp4 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operagse tr7 ib7y80ayq15 2(pbn29nzgphp tion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyclnbyp p7yr s2201anqgte89 5z p(7i bghe?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g*yxn1v *(v svm osf)d; /bqr/c of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enww* 9tp)pa( gttropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas a (qf2bcjl;vts8 +w+vg t STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes 2vf(qcsljbt8v+ +gw; by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at lu,-p/ jyppbqg/t) qv83ukpmh *c9x-$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.