The process shown on theo5m - dj5pk-:8ex8o6vo b zkvm T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal proces47auddls zqgo/z/ihp26nf/ r2 hau6;s, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics uuw ;awa6o( 3cuaxu8 ,8nkb6s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temprdcqz;h8/b2*xj * cvy/4lc xierature. T/v4cc d*i zrx8c*x bljy/2h;qhis process is

  An ideal gas is compr a6ij zj4nq -xyx(u:,in.b6 mcessed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the externa yjbiqxxua4cnz i6n jm,-.(:6l mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothlv-k87 w wa:tb5i-i gbermal process. The final pressb-g5 7ibw kwa-iv 8:lture of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally fromluu vb:( t*+t9s i c:y*+uzipc 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanus :+(ty+ 9*up:l ctic vzi*ubism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compre6x8-cr** ww fb- ahmejssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its su bf86c*-aweh mjx-wr* rroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamnr jhc ouwwc2bpp5 x(c60p5//ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half pudw u+1-m,pk4q,he d its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the h1dd p ,kmw+ uu-,4pqegas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containsekh1*exnz k9cr5p03n e nxhprc9 kn3 *e1k5z0$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta)sw jqwdbny2n 0c3ui)w k4,+hk *)1 x3gleypdinsqh3n3)jb xs+y0,n *ugpd)w ywwkc)k4deil21 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on oqyz)*e i;41d vd/fuk the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, tlvmy z7m2y)vo2li:: z0to)e.;qthy t here is no change in

  When the first law o.yi0o,rtlt ,; -zz gmwf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurlofe prrfg74 5-l,k28u mqf. ne as heat is added to it. This proc.uo5 qlf8f7 4 mlrgef,-2nr kpess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a wyz3p( r5:wpyhrr9q,sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the in( rh59rwwp 3y:pqz r,yternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on tth hgqn:8a,2ohe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is nowr:e/u(b8 zqoyv/0st5d6d e k change in

  When the first law of thermodynamqlno g5i) 15enics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid coo;tg ypu( o/+b.q , jm4p2ggzjm-7dnpntainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added y4d2q+z/o;n gpou.p -b7( g gmjjmp,t to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to,w ((lp l ((ryc, lrbsmlqu4e)52gah m a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gasllsmaeg),( l(2 cl( uwm y4 r,rb5hpq(

State the first law of thermozyz ln 3hkxqb0k5(j *ylpf ,)8dynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat fnkgwardijt0g3x -9( 7 rom a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reser qn:un 94rw29frk ;. tqq,naypvoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Ch acrc4co2 30ylausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how8 s,xkju ta3d4ocawcbg d*38 . much work is done by an engine operating o8sj,c w 8. xo3*bd3k4dtaguc an this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratigzdfou 0 d0y*-rj7e9qy9cvwh, et4m : o of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%,j o btch0h;ol r/-qaqywj0h6e t742 /l the heat sink mustq4lj y / ;6eob wjlq20-h7tohtca0 /rh be

  A Carnot cycle consists oo tlr +u6;qvnt9)w;tlxr ie:y* 3k nv,qugq 02f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second l*d;cj r2,8 a sx+dulksaw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performanw;n ;6 6iktw/14 og-kh apnmvece (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofkowt 6emv ;/pn;-h16agn ik w4

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as o6 uk i)oc;-l;. hmul8e0la+wmf(jx wthe ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of thenfn: q6er x r(rb7bb42 water

  According to the second law o2dy (ycmva3m8/1d-fln rfo )vf thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system,1 omm(af 2d8-/dfyn3lv rvy)c which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamio9 no) c9qtxknf6 c8qf,m x.a8 yut.+ecs.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tha, 9 kuzi3wiur/t

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealzs59ouq n 554fyo)chaki 7ve. gas. What is the cha)v7o inae uo5h qf55. z4cy9ksnge in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rem 4 ah 3esoky6.:x0omgnoved from an ideal gas. What g 6mhnas4e3 o0k:.yox is the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What i-- g phjsm0is9ml:1:zqf-o u ms the cs1-9:0 qilpjfomm-z msuh:g - hange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Wiqd5 3plg g* ,a tst,3j1ns3ishat is the change in internal energy of ts ,i1 l,as*g35qgns d3ipttj3he gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an 9ail1k( j ilucu6dz48 adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chank6al9 ui841diu(l zjcge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the int eo a1ug*kc,+et4j5 dkernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What ie,+uk ot5g*c eja 14kds the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whaixywxnlb2 4n gs:on9/ +mz.)j t is the heatg)n9x:sn nio2 wzl/bj my4+x. exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintain7yfzq.+w2dwrqn: uvxu3*;t)qe p i .ted at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy frox.:+piu*tfvy3q7w 2qqzt . )nd;rwuem the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 Jrd3+xu q.6odc of energy is removed from it. How many 36 ouq.cr+ddxmoles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at 67c argj 3 0ouv qtbrvxd0;6o,$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losqbe 6-qj k 6zpu7xl,r-es 3000 J in each cycle. What is th -e6 -xrjqk6z p,7bqule efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of kkol rrry., 59heat per cycle. How much wo l.9krr5r ,ykork does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivbg* xrg:8 xrcb0) *toqes 150 J of heat per cycle. How much hxbg *t* :rg8r 0bq)xcoeat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal-zl 1fxa7v lo2adsv j63s8)uk. Calculate the efficiency of eachsad68vsj - 1)a3k zlvufxl72 o cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ealknac2fz13i -o; zw3k ch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wo 12ilkn3 3 z-fzk;cowark done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has -)ji l)cj + mlwn5g*phnta09qthe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperat)aj5li* ln+gq m9ht-jcn0p) w ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines buigm.ragd*;-feio1xzos 43b x.g)x 8 u clt so far has the following characteristics: combustion u*;r x8)zdxo bcgo g -m3i.g4ea1x.fschamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hasru5:+*wyz-ng f vwh o 8hm1:bc the following characteristics: combuh onc*wyu:-f w z:1h5+vg bmr8stion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec ffa/tna+hwp 0+ 8h)ystric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pl 0cdx 5n(mk-jwant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6)thw8( ; he.plkrq-dtke+ kr+00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine wep.atlg)t,d8 de9x2bz/ 3iz g hich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum the 4cpjwv( ij+ kz)1t ;ndmuq,a(oretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betweenvt1uq;n)+jm j wpd( ac4z( ki, $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnca t,*.ewgd )il3*c4 z h*v*aahnyg.oot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservh*zta,g .oa *l)ycd e*n iw3g.4*cvahoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be 5ip)2c)kthiw l/l nl7tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the f fyft::8wm ye+reezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 tmye : ff8w+:ykJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from t9ay0hb.wn g.mrhg:x3m8cce - ilbv .*he freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performanecy3vlc wa9n .bhx8 .rh m*g i-.:m0bgce?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr719 w..s.u xivq,zzmtpqjdi/igerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat vwxut .qdpmz91.qi j.iz ,7/s to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whey,0ya thud qeb (h36- dpa,fh3n 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice cwaz hg 1iw-9)31bwpnfreezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gasngsqo ccebxx 4d/j6l.t/4(g . at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bgsdbc6/ x( 4 x .ce4/on.lqjgty
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at tj60l8lb4 lmj$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.