The process shown on the T-V q4gkv/:spjon.d 0z; tgraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no e r4 /kwl3njd+change in

  When the first law of thermodynabti 0yrjm(bzx4i/5vd j+ :p1 *- kwmeamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with m hp28e ny(nlri 5t3vcdyh-,pb )c:t* no change in its temperature. This (n m cv ylepi 8),- ty2t3chn5dhbp:r*process is

  An ideal gas is compres;e7 dzetf+wxgm/om o- (24xst9mm;awsed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for thi(xt+m/9; z wg;m ede-xm74amo ts2owf s gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-ha qoh ,y vgc4y9r.mtvx..:4i rdlf its original volume during an isothermal p oxhrcqyv .drg..m tv4,:9yi 4rocess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30qwhb) q -zxf9 3pc8y2t L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correcthpw y9xf-3qbt8c q2 )z?

  A gas is quickly compressed in angv0v8mowv 0v f-djyy f;n 1/,h isolated environment. During the event, the gas exc8vyw-y,h gvojnf;vvf1dm 00/ hanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of t0tr0w pv49k tmhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vum7au9*smh j/ olume during an adiabmus u97/hmaj *atic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contaiw./,h kjdezq6,c :xjls 8:/sp c t4 qajg0hfp6nshw x,egqt z/as h fc6j4dljkpp 6/.q: s,j0c:8 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai7j w;s.a)v6b0 emhbn uns ;b0)wnub 6a7es.jh mv$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram;9y- xv.mejrqfd ra:ii 4 .qi( is an

  In an isobaric proces-w 2 atji2nrf1y 0ii3ms, there is no change in

  When the first law of 6x.kr* e/q 9*wdw*y)txt2tmeiqz5 wtthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressureq iu()/elg1/yao s vx/ as heat is added to it. This prosyxg/u/()la/eiv q1 ocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy arb:;)o7 nhxg5gji/ e xwe transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of 7he/ w;5o)xb xj: gngithe gas

  The process shown on the 5509plx at,,hw jsibs PV diagram is

  In an isochoric proceo.hfstu6g:o r/h z39kss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamict.).wb*0avc wh ci+lq +tcofc6u+dv5 s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that +h tm.iryphg gkzhm 1w2i*u00dx7( 9gcannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thi2hxkh1tm7i+gu zd.09prg (0 hmywg i*s process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant qm +3m-jcu.oo volume. As a result, the internal ene3q+mom-.o uj crgy of the gas

State the first law oft +97jdti g(gf+4ysrpxy9 0 vb thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to trav ec ,bsqct bn1,fmu (:6p5*(t;wheab(2vwqrnsfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from /+7wp og4rc o8f-ira oknz.fsdb(3 :na cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according t+ qp4xe*+ alhy9w:9j ,hjanab o Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much wrgu kr-v z*5zk8cy r6)1f- yydt mb-2qork is done by an engine operating on this cycl yfycq1rg52u)y t*6-mr- zdv-kr z bk8e?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as th cyju)95n;zh)i-z bk ye ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mq/mllj8t1k:t4co79h qa 9 fgp-a 3mjqust bh atq lg9m :1 qafmkj4-c/38opq 9j7tle

  A Carnot cycle consisw 6-ukghxzk 8-r e,rv(ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.jojfg0 4hb;gbr4, mk.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrige dgge;;:iu(3r4e; fcuxd oel( rator is defined as the ratio ofiue 4(lrxo3; ;gee(;d:dc gfu

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump tz445 ihnc*blis defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of thes,t35zabkb.*3a(koxyj 0 wmj water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may o/oygfw9-+ wy qccur within an isolated q/ wfg-wyoy9 +system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicr 4+ bzp*c1bd46z dwnfs.

  The second law of thermodynamiceb e f:+zz7+oes leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.w2e89+u -wwtz)sqw pcz( noe6cum w1- What is the change in interna 2-wswqpw+nc6 z-1 8zow)um(w ecu9tel energy?

  During an isothermal processuw*ipyv)o7flv 7 )qo8, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is )fulo8q* pwoy7) v7ivthe work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process , i;ibq 6 7+xcbn nzwgm1nl7t)*ffl+m is -400 J. What is tg 6fm i7nw linq;z 1m7bt+l*+)bcfnx,he change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chak7 ob 6xubd7q/nge in internal /xqb77 o6ukbd energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doingxw4ly45e tl3f 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy34lyl w f5te4x?

  In an isochoric process, the int)y+u u8tjazt 8gk4:y- fr hefgfa1 t(-ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work dontjttru y-4k :u8-1hae+g)faz g(f8yfe?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrea49/dn p+nx2v awll db0c- :hmfses by 50 J. What is the heat excham lhalp24xv d/c0f 9n-nw +db:nge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is c .xz9l,bqe 1ej b4kl4eooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by tk. ex9je4 bzlb4,1qelhe gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is oy,vmup7 wp.5 removed from it. How vop5mu,.p y7wmany moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wcki xrjdho3-*4 -r.buater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is r.6t;:mfusojoi i23i tutirj6f:io2is ;m. o3he efficiency?

  A heat engine has anyu 6e2d fvn xujw7.9p+ efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in f .v7y+ du6pwn 92jeuxeach cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiencyv5v -plrcg:o-dsd ( 2ur q./qj of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much hea- jg- 2lqopr.q :dcd5 (/vvsrut does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbsy ;rq4ncha( y0g:xhnfj1 0 f+w 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficieq a nw4:n0y;cyrh0 1(xh+jfgfncy of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcue1 p5xy0lvaodhul(9)late the work done each cyclvpx9l5 (10 )hayuoe dle.

  One of the most efficient eng0;t 3xif.mlc sines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempetxc0;fi .slm3 rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteris2jmwp 0ggmrew*l ew3r1s9:9z b,zdb(tics: cbpe9drej*1zgw r(m0m 9 s gwlbw 2z3:,ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built sofmqxia *v,ft om vc ,5089xk/z far has the following characteristics: combustion i x ,tmvfva89z,cx q0mof5/k *chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gen di, esezni, p8kc7l6r+o o14merates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 ykq z8cj3tr4)MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 60;zh*.sjd80r ye(yr s s0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enginh odqy9t*if ie 923s.fe which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoreti 0dm9jxw 865 0nuohkdncal efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe0mnok dh0w 9dnuxj568en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What pas baov3xu++9+ sn1vis the temperature of the cold reservoir if the + bs1n xas9vav+ 3po+utemperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweenmodm o l*f* jumw(k;a.4ll:: n nxxj+. $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the02u)(wtw ca3-qujhtu *a m* xe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycl cautwqe hx)-*w32*mujuat( 0e?

  A refrigerator removes heat j2qbvc +m 6ln2from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ anv6 mnb2cl+2j qd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 3n3bl*ybowb 3J of heat from the freezer ybb3*n3lbw3 oand expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change itd 99;a o j a1p1h9sopl*zfx.sn entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changerdt 50kn x3s i,rvviuwt24 4q;y.a,on in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP e zh45s heec-9v o.yph h51j7n ofow,i 85b4drundergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes byzeo4 wh y. b 9hpido8herjnf1s7c55 -,5evho4
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at q,; k; o9t*a: ixtstty$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.