The process shown on the T-V graph is anb1: zuq zqwyd6jf -;4c

  In an isothermal process, there is no ctju878h3 1h q ksbmj rc6c/3ukhange in

  When the first law of thermodynambm 5ema)c:abgu3 f4( mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperahsy8rr:/y1 snture. Th yn/ss1rh 8y:ris process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this6vwcrin7apn * r,p;x8 process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the externp8ar n6*v; prwi7xn,cal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to onvok*w e):-qreees(i)e-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final press)eqv ( ierw-oks*)e: eure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L.,b,s p mh o62+ltnwv+t During this process, 6 J of energy is expended+mntvb,+ohl6 p,w st2 by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Duriy07g8p4s:xdv) fapi g(n hzz4ng the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroxzg4ysidn80 zg4f(7p): a vhpundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynab y 6+zszf:ra*mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-halff0po*qnq:.t n its original volume during an adiabatic pro:nnq*t0o .qfp cess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o(mlo htwk0l;yt6)u *ene contains l*lo y(6tmu0 eh)k;tw$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical i/( u/x7diuivrrslkm gq / 9/)32vriusn all respects except that one contains ///9vugqrisxu3 dum i s7l r)2(ir/kv$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PVoj eia+mg /75ob.kht9z9 tz+s diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there isj*f :4qp ;mvsyjpkuls0ta 3;. no change in

  When the first law of thermody)j3 -v -xty(t yngnzp0namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat iauyakux77s:+es d+aq: kf26nsd oa- 0s added to it. This proce ye++:n d2xsuafd0 q so6a:7kks 7-uaass is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to ir g,- hl-ir0aa sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resugr0-h a rl-,iilt, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram 19 pdul8en2(: 0day rvs,xjr wis

  In an isochoric process, thel2lihc6+ xf) ip5q4 jfre is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyo ik4;xfr-r d1yi;lb;*i t4p r6c2kinnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that canney;; ( lo:iqkbot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proceiy(qb o;le;k:ss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cozi 96d/3m98 l(x a4cvske/j7 uybbs qunstant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gasbz( m4 9 /8k dvysu9 a/lexqs7b6c3iju

State the first law of theath8hx,9-u-a;vx ke frmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir? bu*-0uj8jxco

  Is it possible to transfer heat ; t;:wa5hqtkiy :ih)yfrom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordifn1xe9 ts6m:r ; 7kzpcng to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratedx50j0p0 ip wv)1riszb here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on sij5rpb zx 10)p00wiv this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine c)uf/hcxi zh0m )5c5tis defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink m(u mv:zs z)rc)*hliqa.n hd3e .7:hyiusti:e lz)h3i(*r:zy m cd)qn vhs7.a.hu be

  A Carnot cycle consists yi718vykqg 9oof

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of tlrk: *8)gelbmy4 . wrm1cj.y thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance ux vs:vg-3d2y(COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ous v-dxg23v :yf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is(m xj/f+8cp 5v8a3qpjz8 cyp9krgq6b defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entb(rowz*ew v6 :ly,;2ehq j e+d x1xw6nropy of the water

  According to the sec-nwy/ khp 8+xaond law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an is p /kwyhna8+x-olated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the secop *y t-f c2oa,4gdh(rmnd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concludcp.j0va-mz poa0n-ha/ )q( ms e that

  During an isothermal proc7 9b7izg:l z3m x/y0f,lhlgb wess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in inz 0l9:,lh wb/glz37xib 7yfmg ternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frhfqi 00sgsj v+y )ru9 q0tr0j1om an ideal gas. What is the work done in ty s)0 iuq00rf9j0hgtq+ r1sjvhe process?

  The work done on an ideal gas systegxq4,l+zj6g0kkm.m: sh;b p em in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the changpx;j4k.qs+l, z kb6:0e mhmgge in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is thma/.i6 ml4bvc e change in internal energm/abli6cv 4m. y of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatijm0.ppb8jc ph()t 6 wjc process while doing 25 J of work. What is the cjmc0tj p w jb(p8.6ph)hange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasesapn+f- h- dkb( by 50 J. What is the fbadh --+nk(p work done?

  In an isochoric process, the intbz4(t cjkh27q ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchanj4b (cqt7zhk2ge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cf l-;aui;z m6xooled by 50 K. This fex ;6af-ui;mzlat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by wzdj qfu8h.8s a; ah:rt,y )-b .0yshd50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Howh0z8ddf,j.r;h. ahy 8a:syu s-)btwq many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water 1/z9f2v h hk niiq.gq7e-4swn at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eau-1lc9uo u* ykch cycle. What is the efficiuoky*u-9uc l1 ency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per y-d+zil rl 2shv4hwr;kz 5f0hw* 9q h9cycle. How much work does it vs0hhy krwlqi4 ; -fr9lhw+2 zd 5hz*9perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J o x sr:zyoq2mfq 3yu1 m8tza lt0g125)df heat per cycle. How much heat does it e8 y0)a1o:stq2 215 u3yzt dmgxml rfzqxhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 6inh-)72/i0dnleejbv ) w b+ bh4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the +vihb )l)djb n0bw-i/2eh7 n eefficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts1 b8rc zk,pu5s 42 kcal. Calculate the work 5 zcrp1bsu,8k done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterist rqd*dcfub 0 z0/gm djdn)+p:(qy8wq. ics: combustion chamb)qd 0*dj+dybu/p w rz8nmdqg fq.(:0cer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the 2v+kgpa 9j:6c b vca8pfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temp9 p6jab+cpv 28a gk:vcerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follow09b/y (*7*ngmsxaetq)pylmo4ju u f 4 ing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatl7)afumb j/ sqep44tog *09u xy(* ymnure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of el * eo1mp .nc)novz8m2oectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant i8(ok rbtgt1 -3/)ti -hw3 pzc8zaf cguses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.wwfe n5s3uy ,nnv0t6x53k8pp The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency y5yjo8x.86ax hpax9 jx jr,r5of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencldf)j2d 4dc fz05glcy( 6i, o;epx8yvy possible for an engine operating between 4d; c(jzgi2ldeod fc , vf056lp) yy8x$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What i-vsi6bg6vwqmd z*ph(:bu8n m;cz46 h s the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir ivb4d ; scgn :qip b6 -8zhh6mvw6*zu(ms $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betegxvj506w)s f .gk7jeween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from thecjace;+o uv7es:sm- 1 freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eacs:c s7j ou+-1cee va;mh cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the w3yot hh9 m zzo28gdda7: -o-bfreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and bzg-o:7m9oa8 2h yd3d wo-hztejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refuz)-t fr/t vmpxbr33 t12,mkurigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyc) u xm-tu13tkpfzvrb/t mr32,le?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice fak qpjs66t-8 melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice frrbnxnt0(kk r9; l63 uheezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP und2ni)h *b8s0qtwxng 5mergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes byng 8ihxnw 02b) qtsm5*
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at v;4s r vdc0pg 0*xnzg6$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.