The process shown on the T-V grn/a0 7n mqt3os22jxmkaph is an

  In an isothermal proce5 6i2i1ahd5r- m4rbz0 dz lbhy(asp k2ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of they2t*hmbs/3 0zq.op bhrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original vx2 xc p80f7qudolume with no change in its temperature. Th02fcx8 7 pdqxuis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed iso5/wmpvp:km ( .if; v+hh9svnithermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended/h+pmwvpvhi.mi n9 ;s( 5:v fk by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vomi za5aj)1h9rhb2 h-+bwy+d. ti e8salume during an isothermal phyra s9z. +2baa-ihbm dthei5w1 )j 8+rocess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 205q; :5kpp lk2 ulauuhs++hb*m L to 30 L. During this process, 6hh+ 5u*;l uppk +sb ak:q52lmu J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During t3h.o -mckem3rhe event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process i c 3hm.r3mek-os

  When the first law of thermoipsx:-0 /uo f j)y xew2hiq3+i /io6owdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas iswt6ddec0/asnz gc3 h6oq*i6 3 compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatwas63e0htcqdd3 66c ogz /n*iic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respec 7no 0:vdtzun bsn0f( niq034kts except that one contains otk4 3 ivfz0n0nb(s :un07nq d$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsmmyfnl7w l okf l334ch:6ih83 except that one contains6hw 733l3l4hmoc8n imkyff : l $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV4 5y8nk4/yzr htik we8 diagram is an

  In an isobaric proces on) 1t:u 0*hxst-yb.las7hda s, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermdsje;t2 7 wt6gjzb0epkn q08 5odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to g(7ech6gw x v5k54pwf m)vv/lexpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This prf5v(v7/ cv5)x4wmk gp h 6gewlocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constan+/;j; terxbms t pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gj t+rbme/x;; sas

  The process shown on the PV diagram/s 1ul 5uxpe-y is

  In an isochoric procesrj9 e0nql1 9grs, there is no change in

  When the first law o2uv 5wrc su2p*f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to rqym a9vn(9zl5 5sji9 a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it99za59vnm yjr5il s q(. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant 4 (4)57tsvv nqqfubug volume. As a result, the vu4(4tvu )5gq sb 7fqninternal energy of the gas

State the first law of thel9bt3ys9u*j2i 86uo tabkj7 brmodynamics.

  Is it possible to trae ss7tykl l:7zsmm3bh+g gj +un-0r(;nsfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heaty3 hj2w y5lp3b from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claab6rjari7; .vusius.

  A gas is taken through the cycl-okv,;l; ewvu e illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is,-l;u;ewvvok done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is foqsl,qa +0afx 5,hr)defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Czw71 .qgi.ug darnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must .igw.1zgu7dq be

  A Carnot cycle consists olyyiz j 9u/ yv4/mj5a(f

Give the Kelvin-Planck stajz6fepwb+2v 2ub5 +dytement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrige* (0zk lzs0hhorator is defined as the ratio o(oz*h 0szhlk0f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as thc*(1 acx5w bpee ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy0pkzmfri, ; (ptt,xg* of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pro.mzip qp7v9l 8cess that may occur within an is 9 zmq7ilp8.pvolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second lknhkj1-v+ y snf-(ej5 z:hf 5n+s(jhqw4fuq 5aw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of th;8on3d42k r zw ywe-jlermodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wh8g+ q4,- z 6,xwq) cjhyidldxbat is the change in in),dd4+ yxg - wjxcqqlb,z8hi 6ternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed v0-q+i nvbbvme e10;g from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process?v e;q-1m +nb0e vbvig0

  The work done on an hwx89.ljmbg 5l0 wg40)xrg-cwipg6k1nt / jt ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is w 6ip /n)5 w.b0glj90gk 1c mh4 gx8glw-rtxjtthe change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change 8 mjt: vrpeglso184b4 z64rzu6/jk )m4tvrp p in internal energy ofvl )zju4epk 4rr/4vmsorp6p:88t64 m1bjg tz the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whilx2)x- h hkx*i ;o,*s+nvbqlofe doing 25 J of work. What is the change iohlx- bqs o+x;2hi*vx* ),nfkn internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the interna/(s zx o :gc//pze-bbbl energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thbo/zx/ sbg c/-:(p beze work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energc2b wbbn*6t4( v 7 wrthbta;f9y of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exc6rh4nbt(tbv ;b7a*2 f c9bt wwhange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintainedo70rcuzrsrt y/2.5mxawl2ek. cv;v; at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Thcs y otkm.5 x722avwr l u;rer;/.vc0zis feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy sxfv dcg+6 em0ljkk2,r..bz*k 9c;qe is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sa d.* 9b 0cej+6gckeflx qr zs;2.mk,vkmple?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wa yhy /;)haxgt1s(td5jq -z*(d1ps rx iter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 Ju0c 23ijwea 2i of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the e3c i eiua20jw2fficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. n 2 6gn9wwj8 nuj.pnvfq3l-n/ How much work does it j239fgn 8nuj/w.l-qn w vnn6p perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% an s*ilsf0to; 3j6 l:pmtn81vxfd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. o :ittsn3 6*flj0lvf;1ms xp 8How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhajr17:.:teihc /;expr th jhq 4usts 42 kcal. Calculate the effii7 4.ptq/:;rthce:e hjh 1rjxciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle 4/zwu s8 ; 5ppueshztkp2 6cm2and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate tkc6zs5u wuzms 2ptp/4h;2pe 8 he work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterw0p 63.um0 yjulscjm( istics: combustion chamber temperature =6j w p(cj0m.yusu3m0l $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has /jwso ol60wr1co ii-: the following characteristics: combustion01 rc-ljsioi oww:/6o chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characnb a) s-tg,u4d f9nqgzsrv,; :teristics: combustion chamber temperature = g n4 tu9bqs v)dngs,:-,z;fr a$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plxur5:)t :f oamant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electeavu-u purmo mi- 3 w9us58.,dric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thvf7o (yhp)2cxdmwv3x;l yd3,e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an g/ ut8xmjj 3q 4ee2/dqengine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possi;wd84ned wh*nble for an engine operating betw4h8w*d dn n;eween $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a fza(*q cje8f)Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot res)fca*f8 q (ezjervoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatmk+:dbyx5,j anfmj. 5 ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat-;v klqutupt*o 80(; mh d-d vuv8iu4b from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 ( t8;0mu4pq;k bvvtul hvdou*ud-i 8- kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartkz/sduo lvk63, :eu/u;muzxlih/qbk4-a4q (ment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perf: u/eamvio,kh/ k4;qq zxzd/ sll-k63b4 uuu(ormance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refri 3k2b 7f k4vxv,wmda6umk))b mb4j8sogerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is r 8mdxmf,2)vmu 6kvs) k34b 7bkwjbao4equired in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice96u tjob w0 q*;1ldcjhivof82 melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entaa.:;l g nl),58wtp7k kef nbkropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherma1a8 y,c vsabq6vi1o5j l expansion and its entropy oiv115sc8yav, q6bj achanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at z 8dls qtw7n7tu7,u6eqiz*- e$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.