The process shown on the 0pgc ts d+/5a/9vn7zm sy em8tT-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change infm4 uz/ qfps(7

  When the first law of thermodynamic)9b- cu;dqmc0t h xm7bp:tkuae( y +s*s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change4kj k7-. ljvg,d4yhds in its temperature. j kdl4.dkj4h ,7sy-vg This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isother6aj ,+8pyqp1hlfo5a d mally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of int ad1qfy6pop5l+ h8a,j ernal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to o wt*8uxiogi 4t;w i18hne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final p1 hi 8w*txuit g84;oiwressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process,+4 sze/ek e 86smjgl3a 6 J of enerjs4z3l/6e e8s+kame g gy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compresia.peio-fv1r .g.*f1 wqr m:o0 ceqw, sed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with i g..1eip1qrfw m .-0ie wfooqca:r*, vts surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of ther1*e/abw eo p4imodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is comhi dd0 3 ,cltm lbe-4h,tp *)u9l-wxwhpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gasbu4l*p3tcm hxl ldhdh )w,0et-- i 9,w

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ea2rdc+0(azj sxcept that one contains c sza2 j+(dra0$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinderszkw: nc-d;-n ku0n,(wif8 yms of gas identical in all respects except that one containsn8 0 -knw(s mfwduiyc;-kn,z: $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dhj i z1gc( n)lvzk50n -ul8egp7jq/z 4iagram is an

  In an isobaric process, tgw)9;qdw; tlwhere is no change in

  When the first law of the6 :e/s9 kaoa,f7ing2 ncwo.nhrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Ty0 pdc2t4h s4hm,(f+i zogji5his process 4mjh ( c od+igfth4i02z5py,s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal 4w x1a7gd1ll sgas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of 71 x swl1gald4the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is c6g 4-rflv wc/

  In an isochoric process, there is no change(z hm,roag;j:* s)vb5pgw./zlq d 3 deqdq c,/ in

  When the first law of thermodyxo qa;y7fso51dnj* x -r9ul1j namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to1y(s:f v ouo*f1xl *qk a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addeoo v*s*u1xyk ql1f(f:d to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consti (wk8viu euz. qb75*de:f0cvant volume. ev (bfiiuqkc 8uw0 :5ez.7v*d As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermod /f*mgcg/ cdlqbn f3qt,,.j0lynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoirvdf7q ph9p.: .9-,hkrld gffo?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reserv cpe6e- v /a42 xq *y7ov2offh1dgunp6oir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausif /alku 3/-iogus.

  A gas is taken through themt0sq 4o+b9xt cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thistmq9s +4o0xb t cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as4h j)ft*00iyc6ke je0hb ,por the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carn0ma9 l4idb,molmx 4v 0ot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must o4bl xv ,li 0mm9d4am0be

  A Carnot cycle consists oft133 ne4etm4uwi bzyr(3 r2/popv:f f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statementg3kry(2 tzp; t+: ;.fkgl c:g4j7 hqrier h0tm of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a ref*-dj5o yb1 g0ubn h/ftrigerator is defined as the ratio ofbgoty 0*5 nu /hjd1-fb

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of aglxl (:r5 +d7c8iprkz heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entrop6e n tbl8a*.bweht.a ks6y- crrn) 2ts;.m9iky of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may ;vq3dats.yd; ( eqbfm4j 8ut7occur within ae3vdjd8byu tfm as;4 t (7.;qqn isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamiivb8 yzu z58a8cs.

  The second law of thermodynamicsepe,:4 7 jlkm424su ;fjhkr (n:tvdy t leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from ane8e ,zrth1d (zd tw;7e ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy?dhde ze(,;z87e wrt 1t

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from tsn84 .(o tq: 2flbo8swvd r;can ideal gas. What is the work donod; sq.:tstw2c b8r fl n4v8o(e in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas systemqzf lm0b92a9c+lciv 7 in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energy?2+7fclal 9vi zb 9qc0m

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is th;i (m wfl9hy es4fjj*4e change in internal energy of thjh 9yf *w4e(sjmlif; 4e gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabati 10kix zao65:aeuz .qwc process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chango.50:a q61w uazi zexke in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internw)xm1lzy 0 un1 g-y)meal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is ze1)mw)gmy x-uyn 01lthe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internanfmth*7rcuo*pe)4. lq*md,mr ( w5w t l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hmu * *tmt4).lofpm dcrw7nh5ewr(q,*eat exchange?

  A certain amount of a u 9fwsxo;rxu37g9x8zmonatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished b9sf w8urzoxx ug739; xy removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whz,pse :q6tkoet ;,/xven 831 J of energy is removed from it. How m p/z;svqe tx6t,,k:oe any moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wby y;ut6nus15hairkw4-9 b:e, 2 zwt,f lwv,qater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycldc gzlx/z8/- xe. What is th-xzg8ldzc// xe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycll8z .lm 1+c:ige+jya*wrk+f ge. How much work does it perform in each cyclez.+ej1 kwag*i mgr+:cfl + ly8?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and c+u jr5nnplyt 6a:e)-receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in +jr65c-n tan eyu:p)leach cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbsl,r7 br nfi6+j 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienc +nfb rjril76,y of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heakhv0oc5d0p*2f7 iwe bn)w ex8t each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t7edc0we fivbx5h w8 *kpo)n02he work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followingr* fz8b 1nk wb0c(k2cwtfy 5rcskh xj-k0 (1.e characteristics: combujsrk(tkcwe5fk0r *fw x2 ky1c1 chb(0 -.n8bzstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engine :: t3h*pvqz: tn7rx9al i mek;,bwg.as built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber ti z r:b :qatw evp;an3*x: mt.,l9kh7gemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi,q a*meq0y. . y6l821dry iwsx qs4svbng characteristics: combustion chams .lqyy vabi,e d qrqxs.sm0*wy26 184ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600lamanp58w-4j+yog( w MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powuc3j6 .k -pgrner. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T+qcw98kj(53af 7ffp bwh u0 nzhe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot eff/.)gj 7*xcziwy0gr fpiciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theorebkp6 57om.kd( 6imwh jtical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwdb ji6m(5w .okp 6m7kheen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whq83q8ibc) . nep /o)vokmsd/s at is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tempe8/ieopk vcqbso38)ds q/.)m nrature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatind6:mnm k9jtdm u3g e aan.:9l3g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes w :5r5afd,3w4 5yhf3lhso rhmheat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejec3a5ryho4 h lhwws5fr:fd5m3, ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of o ;ywqg (5 nnb/b+t2:qvomvs8 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per n:n ;qw( o52bmv8vgo +btqs/y cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 2h gwzhs54:kvza: ozv+5 u hp-+30 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roomug:v h -wh ok:zz ++zv5pahs54. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whe* ae,yndq) y/qcxm8 )en 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, theexp iqo6fj/ /7 change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion ayf3bkw qx)5 i-(g+ diand its entropy changes w 5y i+ bgx-(kaqd)fi3by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at vtt7--nxqbpk5 0o2hwx e 6- 9x:ek ljc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.