The process shown on the T-V graph is 2xj:/h h9 w/t,zwc+zh+ko ckg an

  In an isothermal process, there is no ch8 nf .1ip3 bc*tk/jnmhange in

  When the first law of thermodynamic. dz dpns-jmdyg lf9n33): h+qs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volu 69oagtp+p) gsme with no change in its temperature. This pr69ga+p tgp so)ocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L tb3ygr 8 d ,2kck4c b5qt7)ppgso 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change 8g 7scd)ypq54 g3pbt, rb2kckof internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vsq0po q1m* b3golume during an isothermal process.mgq p 10*sqb3o The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isotheut -m l-6uz pj38c;wxyrmally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanismtcpx8y;mz 6jlu3u w -- that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatsv(3 jb0k8ey sed environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat (k3vses 8yb0j with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of th bfxvv+jwl z/8;qwm: k9cn-3lermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an mv0 v:w0lm is1adiabatic process. The final prev ismwvm: l001ssure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al 2mp;ezdt2r) . yxuvxp9yf/ h40k/jcw l respects except that one contains .z9u0; p j/r d2m xykwhf/) v4cp2txye$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in awikmq: +/g(kcbze 1.f ll respects except that one contains:i1( zgkqckbf/ +ew.m $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagramqw ,fs+75mlh8x c y(or is an

  In an isobaric process, therzp5yz wdfj;gzn(fk/ (ny k+2 4e is no change in

  When the first law of ip7l6 (9peo v4v;o(z9iyf uputhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to imk-n/qg, mv m(t. This pron,vmm-q/ (k gmcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at co.+qv w; qfz.gf:dej yek;znrvu* z1:,nstant pressure. As a result, the inter1;*zz +:.rz,.e vq:w fkygj fdn;uqve nal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV 4mx19 n t;chttdiagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chaa m(zr;9a4c7kzgc7vi.-bj8y:covsj iuu-m 8 nge in

  When the first law of thsbdh u.lg3 fs2fcyu4c/ ;.a2 kermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as h 9dt.w26jnvqmc0 hn6mt7pmo;eat energy is added to it. mt7c6wjmn9hq0mpo vnt2 d6. ;This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at c * 3zqe1-:;lunx z wi-axtrmo(onstant volume. As a result, the internzmeq az3 -* :ixwl1;(-o nrxtual energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics. vw9/v4mf:8f qvmf onjft*9o3

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rell m3t00x ek0mservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold rebjv uatm. 7.0ta9eeu df3c:e5 servoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of therm7tul-u-tav . k9 z4zq jbiy6;lodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one r0 n isk-4jbm ljx*:h2vmo2r9ta51 mbcycle, how much work is done by an engine rn:t *s2oa jb j -bikx4mmhr 09l2vm15operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined adrn22 6pehbpxhiz b(e94; sr;s the ratio of

  If the theoretical effici9wlpa /)j 2 udml;rvtj7(4zy lp.znq :ency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b9)pv (4 lua/p t2ylz;n7zw:jm. lrqjde

  A Carnot cycle consists o;t5*q)u +.hmskwkek/i e*qfuf

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of thzrm/ og z61i(ee second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performa0.d7d k+t2wrtz9 :znej xn*w os3uxed,m.g o9nce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o*ez90+z: ,.ex3ukms jn9donx dt2ogwdrw t.7 f

  The coefficient of performance (COP)u+8c;dtbb i yg)9z;pc of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ent 27ahod /t.qodropy of the water

  According to the second lawxo8, :pbj09lf5i uomyc4jm )o of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which oneocf lymjp4ujobmi:958 o0, x ) of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermody xxra4w0xa eh a7v9*u,a8w z3anamics.

  The second law of thermodynamiceu:iap9+r r 9fs leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J -()a wkzuhxapn7 , e6rt5+y isof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in intty(-hnk a,)rx 75uezpi 6+ sawernal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gaqoyug sio:0i2 vqyega 5(2 gd(0bf q3(s. What is the work(5gafeyi g2y s:qvoui03( q( q2obdg0 done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process i;i kq,hy /ycvado7ib)- k po(1s -400 J. What is the chikb ;)idc 7y/oaykp(oq,-h1 vange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compress: 1-lpla(xkr e ei0q9)5mp rqaing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gr9p1:ex( 5aparmqi-lql ke) 0as?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J -e gyq 6b:o*lxof work. What is t -6eoqbg*:x ylhe change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bylr6d 4 f3x5)msu vorl/ 50 J. What is t3lu l5) xor4r/m6 vfdshe work done?

  In an isochoric procexq( g(m.8ush2 l3m nbsss, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is(8 hlx smb uq(gm3.2ns the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as itxgkdayd 21.q :8c(h/y6t s1mm /ako ip is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. 1im/2x1 6po8mgdasha (q kyd.: yck/t How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 833 06m ihchhar+1 J of energy is removed from ir30+h6mach h it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water ata+w8 cijw)u:d $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losesl4;vfx + hqy wwlt8 vl78hm+*x 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficief;wyxm 8hw7t+x8v4l*lv+ qhlncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ntvegu5.- jpmy cj6j.u:0: zwand receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eacjc.wj6 z0 : :ynujt5.mue p-vgh cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receise)pc;.ph;v*l t qunikd9w59ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much he) s;d; q u5n9*l9tiwpkvcph e.at does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each m.)dw3dgj5o 4 *;ydie 8lvlnl cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycnw*d.lym dg 4d3le;8vl)o5 ji le.

  A heat engine absorbs p2 v/o )nduks4wabg 6*yur3t+(. tyig64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.p3s(kn t4 u t)/2vy+ug 6*iogbwy.rad

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has-9wl9idksbb.c rzrd7g /6 9sd the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempez9.s/kd ib g-9b6 d7r9cdrslwrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far haxw xb2gwqd-lwzu )9umo2.:5 zs the following characteristics: combustion chamber d .2lzuo5qw)-w bumw x2zx: g9temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi be3ws5(kc w qkq:b8vczxm.kfvi 6554ng characteristics: com4cb5vm q ksxvqe 865zbki: f (c3k5ww.bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrimjzw+zxk /66p)4 gbvg c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant ge6rsv06wl b* ednerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plafh3mm:p r)ec ) mzwz: 0qsk x(k9q/h.bnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatejj*fb, g,+caqs between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theo bbog 4 k-5c6yqcah)m+retical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee54g-)+b 6cq o ycbkamhn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whatie6d.h2;fcvz is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature o6ze2f; .hc divf the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating bhrt1 yj-zoo -+etween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comphm d8k9 vag)z g(hr90*/uhymlm 9u)e vartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Hg hy9gvm0e k)mzvda99 r/umu*() lhh8ow much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat 5 , *uwgnspc0qfrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What isns0 p5*gc q,uw the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator abstk a,d ig*93seorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356tsd9, 3a* kgie J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of icekm86a+g+8;p wiy px ct melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change ieevg34r 2ukdo35 )jz.z;eca in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at ff(9u,pjs:mhzl;i 5 j STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes fi(;j hfu:jzs5ml9 p, by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at jm6p ;kz.a:a m$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.