题库网 (tiku.one)

 找回密码
 立即注册

 

      

上传图片附件

未使用图片

小贴士: 允许的图片文件格式为: gif, jpg, jpeg, png, webp,上传完成后会在上方生成预览,用鼠标连续双击缩略图,或拖动缩略图,该图片就被绑定至本题,显示在题目下方

本次作答已使用

小贴士: 此栏目显示的是当前作答使用的所有图片,绑定到某一题目的图片同时会显示在该题目下方; 删除使用的图片会将其转移到<未使用图片>类别


习题练习:The Laws of Thermodynamics



 作者: 王信东Wood发布日期: 2025-03-14 21:20   总分: 90分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 03月14日 21:20  切换到: 整卷模式

标记此题
1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
What happens to the internal energy of water vapor in the air that condenseuy:7:h ce5is+rj1p ivs on the outside of a cold glass of water? Is work done or heat exchanged? Exe:iph5+sy7 j u1: ivrcplain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Use the conservation of energy to explain why thezggqsjnirx,mdw / ;/,+rp,b 6 temperature of a gas increases when it is quickly compressed — say, by pushing down on a cylinder — whereas the temperature decreases when,+xzgq si ,6g ;/, /rprdbwmnj the gas expands.
参考答案:    

标记此题
3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In an isothermal processyw+c*z5 qxv7kgo8 tr4 , 3700 J of work is done by an ideal gas. Is this enough information to y8tx5gokc+vzq7w *r 4 tell how much heat has been added to the system? If so, how much?
参考答案:    

标记此题
4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible for the temp)h e-os au u *mug(2*u;lbpfx4erature of a system to remain constant even though heat flows into or out of it? If so, give one bufa4g*2 e)umxplso(*- h ;u uor two examples.
参考答案:    

标记此题
5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why the temperature of a gas increases when it is adiabatically compree4 :ckjq ms,/wplh70essedq 0/ e7pwc kejlm,s:h4.
参考答案:    

标记此题
6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Can mechanical energy ever be transformed completely into heat o+xmi 8l2km9rf txhqhv1w76 eq *gsn7/kj9s*wr internal energy? Can the reverse happen? In each case, if your answer is no, explain why not nq+2i*9wmr9tj/ 8*x 176gssvkfkqxlhmw7e h; if yes, give one or two examples.
参考答案:    

标记此题
7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Can you warm a kitchen in winter by leaving the oven door of-yq i,qmk-g) pen? Can you cool the kitchen ymg k) ,fiqq--on a hot summer day by leaving the refrigerator door open? Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Would a definition of heat engine fc80ch1yz3 yh efficiency as $e=W/Q_L$ be useful? Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
What plays the role of high-temperature and low-temperature areas in (a) an intetx3hwhpzu4xgsm b7eq7 vye4 )ho: -t/:p -+ynrnal combustion engineen+yxh sp m) o3w x7:bt/h g-uh:7pq-te4 v4zy, and (b) a steam engine?
参考答案:    

标记此题
10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which will give the greater improvement in the efficiency of a Carnot engi *nvlfa7 r(/z ucce+3gne, a 10 zcve7 /(+uga3lnfr*c$C^{\circ}\,$ increase in the high-temperature reservoir, or a 10 $C^{\circ}\,$ decrease in the low-temperature reservoir? Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The oceans contain a tremendous amount of thermal (intern 9 r zxkt(muxmz5z4/(oal) energy. Why, in general, is it not possible to put this enezx9 (rkzzm xt4o(m/u5rgy to useful work?
参考答案:    

标记此题
12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A gas is allowed to expand (a) adiabatically and (b) ison+)xt:y1l hy/o:n+ilnw 0 jm dthermally. In each process, does the entropy increase, decrease, or+ /0h)djy y nl1+ow:lt:n mxni stay the same? Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A gas can expand to twice ita/o jjns 4*lpu8jpjd 826y3 c-fun q5os original volume either adiabatically or isothermally. Which process would result in a greater chuacp6oq8l/jj- d34 no fj2syj5*pn8uange in entropy? Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give three examples, other than those ment,iyf i;0hnrywand1 2vwo .z 0.ioned in this Chapter, of naturally occurring processes in which order goes to disorder. Discuss the observabili f1nown;hz.2id yr0i0v wya.,ty of the reverse process.
参考答案:    

标记此题
15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which do you think has the greater entropy, 1 kg of solid irsb+rh3z5zy+g0jpnw+ on or 1 kg of liquid iron? Why?b3+h nj+w+zp5y0gr sz
参考答案:    

标记此题
16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) What happens if you remove the s 25az3: 96 kloyctscylid of a bottle containing chlorine gas? (b) Does the reverse process ever happen? Why oy6 st9c o:zy3 as2l5ckr why not? (c) Can you think of two other examples of irreversibility?
参考答案:    

标记此题
17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
You are asked to test a machine that the inventor calls an “in-room aiw-dj l gn (on+8bc4eq(r conditioner”: a big box, standing in the middle of the n+qdn owb-e48l(gj( croom, with a cable that plugs into a power outlet. When the machine is switched on, you feel a stream of cold air coming out of it. How do you know that this machine cannot cool the room?
参考答案:    

标记此题
18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Think up several processes (other than those alread;ww( iu/ +xexny mentioned) that would obey the first law of thermodynamics, but, if they actually occurred, would vio e i;wxu+(/wxnlate the second law.
参考答案:    

标记此题
19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Suppose a lot of papers are strewn all over the floj3lgpo ,q/-m cor; then you stack them neatly. Does this violate the second law of thermodynamics?jqgclo m,- /3p Explain.
参考答案:    

标记此题
20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The first law of the(xdncg 4e,ou (1 r) 5bi(kgkid)6aikcrmodynamics is sometimes whimsically stated as, “You can’t get something for nothing,” and the second law as, “You can’t even break even.” Explaik5nud rd(6eii)) c b,(ig1ak (kxcog4n how these statements could be equivalent to the formal statements.
参考答案:    

标记此题
21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Entropy is often called “tka a))pih6j,k ime’s arrow” because it tells us in which direction natural processes occur. If a movie were run backward, name some processes that you might see that would tell you tpjaih),k6)k ahat time was “running backward.”
参考答案:    

标记此题
22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Living organisms, as they grow, convert relatively simple food molecules ivr z*2*i:u(g2ceakol nto a complex structu: z ur*(gac* lvekio22re. Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics?
参考答案:    

标记此题
23#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas expands isotherma+-p z8vyah+ cd. mvj.(2ld tsflly, performing $ 3.40\times10^{ 3}J$ of work in the process. Calculate
(a) the change in internal energy of the gas,
(b) the heat absorbed during this expansion.    $J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
24#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a light fricfu0n j+.i ,iq ywmhr1z;+g,og tionless piston and maintained aiyo.qz+ ,u,0g whfmn+g;1 jirt atmospheric pressure. When 1400 kcal of heat is added to the gas, the volume is observed to increase slowly from $12m^3$ to $18.2m^3$ Calculate
(a) the work done by the gas .   $ \times10^{5 }$
(b) the change in internal energy of the gas.    $ \times10^{ 6}$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
One liter of air is cooled at constant pressure until its volume is w8l uc:3 dw4kb, nog8ihalved, and then it is allowed to expand isothermally back to its original volume. Draw tln bd4k,3iow 88ucg :whe process on a PV diagram.
参考答案:    

标记此题
26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Sketch a PV diagram of the following process:tuwj p;3c83 mh 2.0 L of ideal gas at atmospheric pressure are cooled at constant pressure to a volume of 1.0 L, and then expanded isothermally back to 2.0 L, whereupon the pressure is increased at constant volume until the original pressure is reachedp3w8;cuh mt 3j.
参考答案:    

标记此题
27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A 1.0-L volume of air initially at 4.5 atm of (absolute) pressure is allo bga-pfsn:((fpe)hg9wed to expand isothermally until the pressure is 1.0 a)9shan :gf b(-(fegpptm. It is then compressed at constant pressure to its initial volume, and lastly is brought back to its original pressure by heating at constant volume. Draw the process on a PV diagram, including numbers and labels for the axes.
参考答案:    

标记此题
28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pressure in an ideal gas is cut in halfbvvj4il *0mdb8j+hw ita1 8 z. slowly, while being kept in a container with rigid walls. In the process, .a j0bzbv8 4 i8wl ji*d+hmv1t265 kJ of heat left the gas.
(a) How much work was done during this process?    $J$
(b) What was the change in internal energy of the gas during this process?    $kJ$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an engine, an almost ideal gas is t8ed q,hgw7j yph3nq (y+; 45 khob)twcompressed adiabatically to half its volume. In doing so, 1850 J of woydw,4) jwhoqt5en8hy3(qp h k ; tg7b+rk is done on the gas.
(a) How much heat flows into or out of the gas?    $J$
(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas?    $J$
(c) Does its temperature rise or fall? 

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas expands at a constant total pressure of 3.076:p+7vh mot r5v6c t5zqfwwm atm from 400 mL to 660 mL. Heat then flows out of the gas at constant volume, and the pressure and temperature are allowed to drop untivmf7m z+t7 :55c 6 hoqr6pwtvwl the temperature reaches its original value. Calculate
(a) the total work done by the gas in the process,   $J$
(b) the total heat flow into the gas.    $J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One and one-half moles of an ideal monatomic gas expand adiabatically,w -r89r yzan8;kl3lke performing 7500 J of work in the process. What z983l;n-kl kawe 8yrr is the change in temperature of the gas during this expansion?   $ K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider the following 1wbhz gpt6 iix2b2.7 stwo-step process. Heat is allowed to flow out of an ideal gas at constant volume so that its pressure drops from 2.2 atm to 1.4 atm. Then the gas expands at constant pressure, from a volume of 6.8 z.b2 wii bg 6s7thx21pL to 9.3 L, where the temperature reaches its original value. See Fig. 15–22. Calculate
(a) the total work done by the gas in the process,    $J$
(b) the change in internal energy of the gas in the process,    $J$
(c) the total heat flow into or out of the gas.    $J$    the gas


参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The PV diagram in Fig. 15–23ed1d3)rr: vpm shows two possible states of a system containing 1.35 moles of a monatomi :3edr1 vd)mprc ideal gas.$(P_1\,=\,P_2\,=\,455N/m^2,V_1\,=\,2.00m^3,V_2\,=\,8.00m^3)$
(a) Draw the process which depicts an isobaric expansion from state 1 to state 2, and label this process A.
(b) Find the work done by the gas and the change in internal energy of the gas in process A. W =    $J$ $\Delta\,U$ =    $J$
(c) Draw the two-step process which depicts an isothermal expansion from state 1 to the volume $V_2$ followed by an isovolumetric increase in temperature to state 2, and label this process B.
(d) Find the change in internal energy of the gas for the two-step process B.    $J$



参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When a gas is taken from a to c along the curved path in Fig. 15–24, the woag stu sgsq19d 6l7f7;rk done by thg 7d6;ts7fu gs9als q1e gas is $W\,=\,-35\,J$ and the heat added to the gas is $Q\,=\,-63\,J$ Along path abc, the work done is $W\,=\,-48\,J$
(a) What is Q for path abc?    $J$
(b) If $P_c\,=\,\frac{1}{2}P_b$ what is W for path cda?    $J$
(c) What is Q for path cda?    $J$
(d) What is $U_a-U_c$?    $J$
(e) If $U_d-U_c\,=\,5J$ what is Q for path da?    $J$


参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the process of taking aidc5e*z hwbl o-b. 72f gas from state a to state c along the curved path shown in Fig. 15–24, 80 J o lbdz.7* hcoew i5-bf2f heat leaves the system and 55 J of work is done on the system.
(a) Determine the change in internal energy, $U_a-U_c$.    $J$
(b) When the gas is taken along the path cda, the work done by the gas is How much heat Q is added to the gas in the process cda?    $J$
(c) If $ P_a\,=\,2.5P_d$ how much work is done by the gas in the process abc?    $J$
(d) What is Q for path abc?    $J$
(e) If $U_a-U_b\,=\,10\,J$ what is Q for the process bc?    $J$
Here is a summary of what is given:
$\begin{aligned}
Q_{\mathrm{a} \rightarrow \mathrm{c}} & =-80 \mathrm{~J} \\
W_{\mathrm{a} \rightarrow \mathrm{c}} & =-55 \mathrm{~J} \\
W_{\mathrm{cda}} & =38 \mathrm{~J} \\
U_{\mathrm{a}}-U_{\mathrm{b}} & =10 \mathrm{~J} \\
P_{\mathrm{d}} & =2.5 P_{\mathrm{d}} .
\end{aligned}$


参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How much energy would the person of Examplekp)r lnepezbdj*- gpqyc 9(k;p0v+.) 15–8 transform if instead of working 11.0 h she took a noontime br-9kdq().p)e nvjpgrpe y 0kc ;l+p*zbeak and ran for 1.0 h?    $ \times10^{ 7}J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the average metabolic rate of a person who sleepswsl 8awb;qc;:9omw9 g 8.0 h, sits at a desk; :;sqw99 bwmcaw8 glo 8.0 h, engages in light activity 4.0 h, watches television 2.0 h, plays tennis 1.5 h, and runs 0.5 h daily.    $W$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A person decides to lose weight by sleepingf j;k,.dle p lh)ynyxqi/6 :c1 one hour less per day, using the time for light activity. How much weight (or mass) can this person expect to lose in 1 year, assuming no change in food intake? Assume that 1 kg of fat stores about 40,000 kJ of energe;.h/cl6fpq ,xn 1 ): djyiylky.   kg(retain one decimal places)    $lbs$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine exhausts 8200 J o7ukrfxb/iw(-7apsf59 pt pli5ef4h*f z 1n,zf heat while performing 3200 J of useful work. What is the efficiency of 4uprh1tzf nax5pk fifb77/ipwe9*l, f(zs 5-this engine?    %

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine does 9200 J of work per cycle while absorbing 22.0 kcal of heat 3m am:xxk w0+qfrom a hixw q3a0mmk:+ xgh-temperature reservoir. What is the efficiency of this engine?    %

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum efficiency of a heat engine whose opera yx5yb4q3y3nuui c3(l q igx.) c4g/drting temperatures are 580 .ri qx/ui qy)unbgcg33y4 cy3xd(54l $^{\circ}\,C$ and 380$^{\circ}\,C$?   %

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The exhaust temperature of61 eaq2bqrd2c ifx *n; a heat engine is 230$^{\circ}\,C$. What must be the high temperature if the Carnot efficiency is to be 28%?    $^{\circ}\,C$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
43#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A nuclear power plant operates at 75)swue4 1ebc tzt3d 4m)% of its maximum theoretical (Carnot) efficiency between temperature1 ce4 4zwbem)sdtut) 3s of 625$^{\circ}\,C$ and 350$^{\circ}\,C$. If the plant produces electric energy at the rate of 1.3 GW, how much exhaust heat is discharged per hour?    $ \times10^{13 }J/h$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
44#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is not necessary that a heat engine’s hot environment be hotter than ambient (c7 rqqk0zn bj5:tbx7 temperature. Liquid nitrogen (77 K) is about as cheap as bottled water. What would be the efficiency of an engine that made use of heat transferred from air at z rb5ncb kj:(qt707qxroom temperature (293 K) to the liquid nitrogen “fuel” (Fig. 15–25)?    %(Round to the nearest integer)

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
45#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot engine performs work at the rate of 440 kW while bl ,70:(bz olw q/ 4yz(v qde8lqvdsy.using 680 kcal of heat per second. If the temperature of the l,v b.yl l z08(zd/o(4qq bsq:vdew 7yheat source is 570$^{\circ}\,C$, at what temperature is the waste heat exhausted?    $^{\circ}\,C$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
46#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot engine’s operating temperatures are 210 vxd3 cyre-e y/x3vj,-$^{\circ}\,C$ and 45$^{\circ}\,C$. The engine’s power output is 950 W. Calculate the rate of heat output.    $W$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain power plant puts out 550 MW of electric power. Estimate the heat 8fy 0+tf 1u hqjr wr;+,oc,chi8stx;y discharged per second, assuming that t;oruwxqyh8 0 81ishjy t+crf;, cf,+the plant has an efficiency of 38%.    $MW$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine utilizes a :x2/d; f) jea)wslust heat source at 550$^{\circ}\,C$ and has an ideal (Carnot) efficiency of 28%. To increase the ideal efficiency to 35%, what must be the temperature of the heat source?    $^{\circ}\,C$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine exhausj qcq33u9:/qt )vwbk a,abe,z ts its heat at 350$^{\circ}\,C$ and has a Carnot efficiency of 39%. What exhaust temperature would enable it to achieve a Carnot efficiency of 49%?    $^{\circ}\,C$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At a steam power plant, steam engin(pu sn ,uk+v5b:9 gmz4nlp7dz5 zxnim ( dg+-fes work in pairs, the output of heat from one being the approximate heat input of,-+xz z(:5udzpv mn9g b s 4(nikngmpu5l +d7f the second. The operating temperatures of the first are 670$^{\circ}\,C$ and 440$^{\circ}\,C$, and of the second 430$^{\circ}\,C$ and 290$^{\circ}\,C$. If the heat of combustion of coal is $ 2.8\times10^{7 }\,J/kg$ at what rate must coal be burned if the plant is to put out 1100 MW of power? Assume the efficiency of the engines is 60% of the ideal (Carnot) efficiency.    $kg/s$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
51#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The low temperature of a freezer coow0l re/a,9j mvling coil is -15$^{\circ}\,C$ and the discharge temperature is 30$^{\circ}\,C$. What is the maximum theoretical coefficient of performance?   

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal refrigerator-freezer operates19ivexmi+j9l ikkl mb4, otc usol ,4q)x-t6: with a in a 24$^{\circ}\,C$ room. What is the temperature inside the freezer?    $K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A restaurant refrigerator has a coefficient of p8 l ddkid1rdx0l/p4rr 9kf0 q4erformance of 5.0. If the temperature ink1rd 04ql 49pxfdl8 ki/rddr0 the kitchen outside the refrigerator is 29$^{\circ}\,C$, what is the lowest temperature that could be obtained inside the refrigerator if it were ideal?    $^{\circ}\,C$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat pump is used to2id7j; eh z7yh keep a house warm at 22$^{\circ}\,C$. How much work is required of the pump to deliver 2800 J of heat into the house if the outdoor temperature is
(a) 0$^{\circ}\,C$,    $J$
(b) -15$^{\circ}\,C$ Assume ideal (Carnot) behavior.    $J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What volume of water afhl.l pdxlpw/ 1rd7mp9w6* ,3yr,c p vt 0$^{\circ}\,C$ can a freezer make into ice cubes in 1.0 hour, if the coefficient of performance of the cooling unit is 7.0 and the power input is 1.0 kilowatt?    $L$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal (Carnot) engikvwvx wv-h0vw 1u1 :6z/(d depne has an efficiency of 35%. If it were possible to run it backward as a heatz-vvkx6v:1 w /vud1hd0w(wpe pump, what would be its coefficient of performance?   

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy of 250 guv/r 5 qtt: rdzw**jm4 of steam at 100$^{\circ}\,C$ when it is condensed to water at 100$^{\circ}\,C$?    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One kilogram of watev.fa sq7d- +akr is heated from 0$^{\circ}\,C$ to 100°C. Estimate the change in entropy of the water.    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy of qoswys bqa::(1 , +4t3dspqzz lvv37h s),sct$1\,m^3$ of water at 0$^{\circ}\,C$ when it is frozen to ice at 0$^{\circ}\,C$?   $ \times10^{6 }\, J/K $

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If $1.00\,m^3$ of water at 0$^{\circ}\,C$ is frozen and cooled to -10$^{\circ}\,C$ by being in contact with a great deal of ice at -10$^{\circ}\,C$ what would be the total change in entropy of the process?   $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 10.0-kg box having v sqb)7 y7go k4xb:l9sco -+zlv* *dqzan initial speed of $3.0m/s$ slides along a rough table and comes to rest. Estimate the total change in entropy of the universe. Assume all objects are at room temperature (293 K).   $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
62#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A falling rock has kinetic energy / n8e1m oevtq fof+t*3KE just before striking the ground and coming to restfotvoet+f/m 8qn3 e1 *. What is the total change in entropy of the rock plus environment as a result of this collision?
参考答案:    

标记此题
63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum rod conductskuo+fd dz, 9msz4o tb1cn(g,-nhbu 53 $7.50\,cal/s$ from a heat source maintained at 240$^{\circ}\,C$ to a large body of water at 27$^{\circ}\,C$. Calculate the rate entropy increases per unit time in this process.   $\frac{J/K}{s}$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of water at 30q y2/azwot3f9 $^{\circ}\,C$ is mixed with 1.0 kg of water at 60$^{\circ}\,C$ in a well-insulated container. Estimate the net change in entropy of the system.    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 3.8-kg piece of aluminum at 3fj*t2ue d+z g hnj s08ddjno /.+val9;0$^{\circ}\,C$ is placed in 1.0 kg of water in a Styrofoam container at room temperature (20$^{\circ}\,C$). Calculate the approximate net change in entropy of the system.    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A real heat engine working between heat reservokqi*vo 7*1 fcnirs at 970 K and 650 K produces 550 J of work per cyc* v nok*f7i1qcle for a heat input of 2200 J.
(a) Compare the efficiency of this real engine to that of an ideal (Carnot) engine.    % of ideal(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) Calculate the total entropy change of the universe per cycle of the real engine.    $J/K$
(c) Calculate the total entropy change of the universe per cycle of a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.   

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the probabilities, when you thm8h,3xy sn1ss row two dice, of obtaining
(a) two numbers totaling 5. The probability is 1/  
(b) two numbers totaling 11. The probability is 1/  

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
68#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Rank the following fiv,;ls8x0ha 6 j2r.ekj7 hgfcm pe-card hands in order of increasing probability: (a) four aces and a king; (b) six of hearts, eight of diamonds, queen of clubs, three of hearts, jack of spades; (c) two jacks, two queens, and an ace; and (d) any hand having no two fem xcp7gsja;0j86lh.,k2h requal-value cards. Discuss your ranking in terms of microstates and macrostates.
参考答案:    

标记此题
69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Suppose that you repeatedly shake six coins in your hand and drop them9-iyphdjc593 a fn j,c on the floor. Cjpn daj-5c9iy9 fhc3,onstruct a table showing the number of microstates that correspond to each macrostate. What is the probability of obtaining
(a) three heads and three tails,   /64
(b) six heads?   /64

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Solar cells (Fig. 15–26) can produce about 40 W of electrst89fterw a(zt 9ujia 38.xn7icity per square meter of surface area if directly facing the Sun. Hw 9 8(ji.7 83aax9frn ezttustow large an area is required to supply the needs of a house that requires $22k\,Wh/day$ Would this fit on the roof of an average house? (Assume the Sun shines about $9h/day$)   $m^2$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Energy may be stored for use during peak d9 9;sf z6tywck0ts-3;xq awg.h e5upqemand by pumping water to a high reservoir when demand is low and then releasing it to drive turbines when needed. Suppose water is pumped to96e tpg5y zs q htk0.xa-w s39ufw;;qc a lake 135 m above the turbines at a rate of $ 1.00\times10^{ 5}kg/s$ for 10.0 h at night.
(a) How much energy (kWh) is needed to do this each night?    $\times10^{9 }W\cdot\,h$
(b) If all this energy is released during a 14-h day, at 75% efficiency, what is the average power output?    kW

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Water is stored in an artificial lake crealy w qej-65bm/gkqj;+ ted by a dam (Fig. 15–27). The water depth ql/wq+j ejbg6-yk; m 5is 45 m at the dam, and a steady flow rate of $35m^3/s$ is maintained through hydroelectric turbines installed near the base of the dam. How much electrical power can be produced?    $ \times10^{7 }W$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An inventor claims to have designed and built an engine that produces 1.53cc3 b 1*gzolg0 MW of usable work while taking in 3.00 MW of thermal energy at 425 K, and rejecting 1.50 MW of thermg 3 zb*c3o1gclal energy at 215 K. Is there anything fishy about his claim? Explain.  

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When $ 5.30\times10^{ 4}J$ of heat is added to a gas enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a light frictionless piston maintained at atmospheric pressure, the volume is observed to increase from $1.9m^3$ to $4.1m^3$ Calculate
(a) the work done by the gas,    $ \times10^{5 }J$
(b) the change in internal energy of the gas.    $ \times10^{5 }J$
(c) Graph this process on a PV diagram.

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 4-cylinder gasoline engine has an.1qn qoe0;pqdnr1ox 0 efficiency of 0.25 and delivers 220 J of work per cycle per cylinder. When theo 1nqpoen.q q0rx;1d0 engine fires at 45 cycles per second,
(a) what is the work done per second?    $ \times10^{4 }J/s$
(b) What is the total heat input per second from the fuel?    $ \times10^{5 }J/s$
(c) If the energy content of gasoline is 35 MJ per liter, how long does one liter last?    s

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A “Carnot” refrigerator (the revxy gt-f m8qf;7erse of a Carnot engine) absorbs heat from the freezer compartment7m;- fqg8f yxt at a temperature of -17$^{\circ}\,C$ and exhausts it into the room at 25$^{\circ}\,C$.
(a) How much work must be done by the refrigerator to change 0.50 kg of water at 25$^{\circ}\,C$ into ice at -17$^{\circ}\,C$    $ \times10^{4 }J$
(b) If the compressor output is 210 W, what minimum time is needed to accomplish this?    s

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It has been suggested that a heat engine could be developed that madq dkyhgv3)fzfu66 y2ka0v7r:u e 9i2 ye use of the tqvu 20k7hde y6f u3zf:r2gyaiv 9k)y6 emperature difference between water at the surface of the ocean and that several hundred meters deep. In the tropics, the temperatures may be 27$^{\circ}\,C$ and 4$^{\circ}\,C$, respectively.
(a) What is the maximum efficiency such an engine could have?    %
(b) Why might such an engine be feasible in spite of the low efficiency?
(c) Can you imagine any adverse environmental effects that might occur?

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two 1100-kg cars are traveling qwbl: ,:5i4i z tmdd.wba,4ee in opposite directions when they collide and are brou, bei4wl.a4d5me d,t: iw:bzq ght to rest. Estimate the change in entropy of the universe as a result of this collision. Assume $T\,=\,20^{\circ}\,C$    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 120-g insulated alud)thl a.*i0n2f /gyalminum cup at 15$^{\circ}\,C$ is filled with 140 g of water at 50$^{\circ}\,C$. After a few minutes, equilibrium is reached.
(a) Determine the final temperature,    $^{\circ}\,C$
(b) estimate the total change in entropy.    $J/K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
80#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the coefficient of performance ofpbu hk3a:/f /j,e g0ga an ideal heat pump that extracts hej,/:/3u be 0 khfgagapat from 6$^{\circ}\,C$ air outside and deposits heat inside your house at 24$^{\circ}\,C$?   
(b) If this heat pump operates on 1200 W of electrical power, what is the maximum heat it can deliver into your house each hour?    $ \times10^{ 7}J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
81#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The burning of gasoline in ardv:.gchw 0n3 car releases about $ 3.0\times10^{ 4}kcal/gal$ If a car averages $41km/gal$ when driving $90km/h$ which requires 25 hp, what is the efficiency of the engine under those conditions?    %

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot engine has a lowf8 zzsujkdn;)wn*k 3y:o ma6)er operating temperature $T_L\,=\,20^{\circ}\,C$ and an efficiency of 30%. By how many kelvins should the high operating temperature $T_H$ be increased to achieve an efficiency of 40%?    $K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
83#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Calculate the work done by an ideal gab-zi qelx-moprk5u (+c0 /ukx p/;qn *s in going from state A to state C in Fig. 15–28 for each of the following prock+p;m ux-nkcqbxlu *0 e/zr5o (qi-p /esses: (a) ADC, (b) ABC, and (c) AC directly.
参考答案:    

标记此题
84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 33% efficient power gt(av i40kb5s3y79 (l ze*l4c;bb yxrt6m hefplant puts out 850 MW of electrical power. Cooling towers are used e bi grh 3l*bae 5lttv49( kxym7(6fs4z;c0byto take away the exhaust heat.
(a) If the air temperature is allowed to rise 7.0 $C^{\circ}\,$, estimate what volume of air $(LM^3)$ is heated per day. Will the local climate be heated significantly? $\approx$   $km^3/day$(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) If the heated air were to form a layer 200 m thick, estimate how large an area it would cover for 24 h of operation. Assume the air has density $1.2kg/m^3$ and that its specific heat is about $1.0KJ/kg\cdot\,C$ at constant pressure.    $km^2$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Suppose a power plant delivers energy at 980 MW usiqa; yygnw 1n;*ng steam turbines. The steam goes into the turbines superheated at 625 K and deposits its unused *wy1nyn;q; agheat in river water at 285 K. Assume that the turbine operates as an ideal Carnot engine.
(a) If the river flow rate is $37m^3/s$ estimate the average temperature increase of the river water immediately downstream from the power plant.    $C^{\circ} $
(b) What is the entropy increase per kilogram of the downstream river water in $J/kg \cdot\,K?$    $J/kg\cdot\,K$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
86#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 100-hp car engine operati*g qdu5t::hc2 ww wy+es at about 15% efficiency. Assume the engine’s water temp*d :iwu+: wy5thcwq g2erature of 85$^{\circ}\,C$ is its cold-temperature (exhaust) reservoir and 495$^{\circ}\,C$ is its thermal “intake” temperature (the temperature of the exploding gas–air mixture).
(a) What is the ratio of its efficiency relative to its maximum possible (Carnot) efficiency?    %
(b) Estimate how much power (in watts) goes into moving the car, and how much heat, in joules and in kcal, is exhausted to the air in 1.0 h.P =    W $Q_L$ =    $ \times10^{ 9}J$ $Q_L$ =    $ \times10^{5 }kcal$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is placed in a taeo-n.y0w1 lrw ll cylindrical jar of cross-sectional area $0.800m^2$ A frictionless 0.10-kg movable piston is placed vertically into the jar such that the piston’s weight is supported by the gas pressure in the jar. When the gas is heated (at constant pressure) from 25$^{\circ}\,C$ to 55$^{\circ}\,C$, the piston rises 1.0 cm. How much heat was required for this process? Assume atmospheric pressure outside.    $J$

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
88#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Metabolizing 1.0 kg of fat rl6d18v n1e7xsshew9/j8i a q iesults in about $ 3.7\times10^{7 }J$ of internal energy in the body.
(a) In one day, how much fat does the body burn to maintain the body temperature of a person staying in bed and metabolizing at an average rate of 95 W? $\approx$ =    $kg/d$(retain two decimal places)
(b) How long would it take to burn 1.0-kg of fat this way assuming there is no food intake?    d

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
89#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal air conditioner keeps the ttlu fh 7 y0o-0co:qrfs,2vk +vemperature inside a room at 21$^{\circ}\,C$ when the outside temperature is 32$^{\circ}\,C$. If 5.3 kW of power enters a room through the windows in the form of direct radiation from the Sun, how much electrical power would be saved if the windows were shaded so that the amount of radiation were reduced to 500 W?    W

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

标记此题
90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A dehumidifier is essentially a “refrigerator with an open 9p(edbv0k ipug4 p84cdoor.” The humid air is pulled in by a fan and guided to a cold coil, where the temperature is less than the dew point, and some of the air’s vdpp4ik 9p8(bugc0e 4 water condenses. After this water is extracted, the air is warmed back to its original temperature and sent into the room. In a well-designed dehumidifier, the heat is exchanged between the incoming and outgoing air. This way the heat that is removed by the refrigerator coil mostly comes from the condensation of water vapor to liquid. Estimate how much water is removed in 1.0 h by an ideal dehumidifier, if the temperature of the room is 25$^{\circ}\,C$, the water condenses at 8$^{\circ}\,C$, and the dehumidifier does work at the rate of 600 W of electrical power.    kg

参考答案:     查看本题详细解析

  • :
  • 总分:90分 及格:54分 时间:不限时
    未答题: 已答题:0 答错题:
    当前第 题,此次习题练习共有 90 道题
    本系统支持习题练习,作业与考试三大模式,作业考试自动评分,成绩排序一键导出,可设定动态变量同一试卷千人千题
    如果您对本系统感兴趣,想加入我们或者想进行任何形式的合作,请加微信 skysky1258

    浏览记录|使用帮助|手机版|切到手机版|题库网 (https://tiku.one)

    GMT+8, 2025-4-5 04:25 , Processed in 0.292363 second(s), 202 queries , Redis On.