Does Huygens’ principle apply to sound wavz jr 0lyjhpx:a 89v9oa:mbh53es? To water waves? Explain.

What is the evidence that ligzg6p q (f npoj16/k9vkht is energy?

Why is light sometimes describe 0q +oao-ucvdz7ij93u d as rays and sometimes as waves?

We can hear sounds around corners, but we cannot see a-1i vi2 miozr6round corners; yet both sound and light arer2-i1mo6vz i i waves. Explain the difference.

If Young’s double-slit experk*2 ajohxcg56 sbu*za0kp9e5 iment were submerged in water, how would the fringe patter209k5gxk **oc zaeh6ba pu5 sjn be changed?

Monochromatic red light is incident on a doubl,i qa,yj9gp*ip p73qee slit, and the interference pattern is viewed on a sqpj3*, qgiaeyi7p 9, pcreen some distance away. Explain how the fringe pattern would change if the red light source is replaced by a blue light source.

Two rays of light from the same source destructively interfere if their patds y8mjkbw3,6h lengths differ yk s8 jm3b6,wdby how much?

Why was the observation of the double-slit interference pattern jnltgf-/v)g 5a (:zgfmore convincing evidence for the wave theory of light than the observation z g5lga gvtfnj(f-)/: of diffraction?

Compare a double-slit experiment for sound wavhu+ iw 8x6f0dles to that for light waves. Discuss the similarities and differenc8dfl h6ix 0u+wes.

Why doesn’t the ligh )l,:g(zun s1z tbrsx1t from the two headlights of a distant car produce an interference patter sxg: ,sut(zl1 nrbz1)n?

Suppose white light falls on tho3p(u i(b4 dnye two slits of Fig. 24–7, but one slit is covered by a red fiuy3 4p((nbodi lter (700 nm) and the other by a blue filter (450 nm). Describe the pattern on the screen.

When white light pasmem6w2(hnx z w0z9n 2nses through a flat piece of window glass, it is not broken down into colors as it ix nnm 2nwm2z0(hw e9z6s by a prism. Explain.

For both converging and diverging lenses, discuss how the focal length for red x tawdy:*t +-aiq,cd wazq,2;light dif-2y zwqt* a qa:d,;i dxa+ct,wfers from that for violet light.

A ray of light is refracted through three differwi1ywv: nx9/u mwoy3-mn bxoc/u,,: q ent materials (Fig. 24–55). Rank the materials according to their index of refxyxy w3/ou:wn v ,9q:mcum ,ob1/niw- raction, least to greatest.

Hold one hand close to your eye and focus on a distant ligh0 oh)9nezg-dot source through a narrow slit between two fingers. (Adjust your fingers to obtain the best pattern.) Describe the pang0z od9 h-oe)ttern that you see.

What happens to the diffractiy6.x.gjn,cxk1 rn (ol on pattern of a single slit if the whole apparatus is immxo6g cn.(j,l r.kxn1yersed in (a) water, (b) a vacuum, instead of in air.

For diffraction by ainhc,0*hiri0*nx pd )6 z anr5 single slit, what is the effect of increasing (a) the slit width, and (b) the wavelenghi *ar cxi)nr,z 65hnin0*dp0th?

What is the difference in thedec p(iq3oh. *o3ezn( interference patterns formed (a) by two slits ${}^{-4}c{m}^2$ apart, (b) by a diffraction grating containing ${10}^{4}lines/cm$?

For a diffraction grating, what is the advantage of (a) many slits, 0jimpt mb0n 17i 1x lz578zser(b) closely spaced slr78 100 mbtm5spi 7xinz ljez1its?

White light strikes (a) a diffraction grating, and (b) ; m6e uz:zvi4a:tbed 2n.rzkxl1m 5 v1k,:pnoa prism. A rainbow appears on a wall just below the direction of the horizontal incident beam in eaz 1emtm n d5z,l.6 izbp1k;xkv ruo4nv::e2 :ach case. What is the color of the top of the rainbow in each case? Explain.

For light consisting of wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, incid2t9m cmy8n4i tent normally on a diffraction grating, for what orders (if any) would theretmnmc8y4 2i 9t be overlap in the observed spectrum? Does your answer depend on the slit spacing?

Why are interference fringes noticeable u k +ez89nq,9vh hd.svonly for a thin film like a soap bubble and not for zd9+8vuq 9 .h,shekvn a thick piece of glass, say?

When a compact disk (CD) is held at an angle in white light, the reflect* 9nva e+g1rz1pmu9 zkmunb4n y.3f9led light is a full spectrum (Fig. 24–56). E uvkyblp 49nmn9.93rez gf+nmuz*1a 1xplain. What would you expect to see if monochromatic light was used?

Why are Newton’s rings (Fig. 24–31) closer togea q/j5orn8npt+incm 7a:f-a- ther farther from the center?

Some coated lenses appear greenish yellow when seen by reflected light. Whatqsynpji-1 7( p wavelengths do you suppose the coating is designed to transm-7ip (ny1 sqjpit completely?

A drop of oil on a pond appears bright at its edgf5m 8 ie3fdfi86chvg -es, where its thickness is much less than the wavelengths of visible light. What can you say about the index of refraccf8 hd8 g-ff i63i5vemtion of the oil?

What does polarization tell us about the nature of ligfv/v111cmi4ws om.gbshfu+ t)7n h l5 ht?

Explain the advantage of polarizefwbo yjt1s. 0/yx d8y0d sunglasses over normal tinted sunglasses.

How can you tell if a pair of sunglasseqk4.bsa/mui:j p efxj3(1ya2 s is polarizing or not?

Two polarized sheets rotated at an angw 9 nlaxfs) 7d:zl1w+wle of 90${}^{\circ }$ with respect to each other will not let any light through. Three polarized sheets, each rotated at an angle of 45${}^{\circ }$ with respect to each other, will let some light through. What will happen to unpolarized light if you align four polarized sheets, each rotated at an angle of 30${}^{\circ }$ with respect to the one in front of it?

What would be the color of the sky ift)z-f 8o/ gqob the Earth had no atmosphere?

If the Earth’s atmosphere were 50 times denser than it is, would sunlight stfo 7wj1k+g/)aldhp u5ill be white, or would it57wphg+k/fj a uo1 ld) be some other color?

  Monochromatic light falling on tn672*krh -j owcwm 0tkwo slits 0.016 mm apart produces the fifth-order fringe at antkwm2r k*nojcw - 60h7 8.8${}^{\circ }$ angle. What is the wavelength of the light used?    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  The third-order fringe of 610 nm light is observed at an an ct rav4*m;2gqgle of 18${}^{\circ }$ when the light falls on two narrow slits. How far apart are the slits?    $\mu m$

  Monochromatic light falls on two very narrow slits 0.048 mm apart. Succeq r)uo m.pp0 c:z:0ukfssive fringes on a screen 5.00 m away are 6.5 cm apart near the center of the patt0or.pf zpu )mu :k0q:cern. Determine the wavelength and frequency of the light.
$\lambda =$    $m$
$f$ =    Hz

  A parallel beam of light from a He-Ne laser, with a wavelf y ;n+)i2zus l- ra:s6jl,rui01eygfength 656 nm, falls on two vresi fai; ):rnfyl01 y,6zjul2-g +suery narrow slits 0.060 mm apart. How far apart are the fringes in the center of the pattern on a screen 3.6 m away?    cm

  Light of wavelength 680 nm falls on two slits and produces an interfe3y1 c6lqhk)2 qll0 aj z5.xhrfrence pattern in which the fourth-order fringe15h6. f 2jly3rllhkxc)qza 0q is 38 mm from the central fringe on a screen 2.0 m away. What is the separation of the two slits?    mm

  If 720-nm and 660-nm light passs x893i*g lfqs r5)w3* rbvvgqes through two slits 0.58 mm apart, how far apart are the second-order fringes for these two wavelengthsqsx i 35)rfv*w qvl38*bgrgs9 on a screen 1.0 m away?    mm

  In a double-slit expabr fs+9quh ofrz2*-9eriment, it is found that blue light of wavelength 460 nm gives a second-order maximum at a certain location on the screen. What wavelength of visible light wou+f hsz*9-2ofq u r9rabld have a minimum at the same location?    nm

Water waves having parallel crests 2.5 cm apart pass through two ud39) c+5w+ma2fi ni6o s vqgxopenings 5.0 cm apart in a board. At a point 2.0 m beyond the board, at what angle relative to the “straight-through” direction would tf)w+6i nmg5axqsiv3o uc+ 9d 2here be little or no wave action?

Suppose a thin piece of glass is placed in front of the lower slit in Fz1 lxe)yom 18eig. 24–7 so that) xe1y8mz e1lo the two waves enter the slits 180${}^{\circ }$ out of phase (Fig. 24–57). Describe in detail the interference pattern on the screen.
24-7
24-57

  In a double-slit experiment, the third-order maximum for light of wavelength0ab xt +oi9bh zr7fo /((gml8y 500 nm is located 12 mm from the central bright spot on a screen 1.6 m from the slits. Light of wavelength 650 nm is then projected through the same z b0oaxl ib(8o 7( t/f9gymh+rslits. How far from the central bright spot will the second-order maximum of this light be located?    mm

  Two narrow slits separated by 1.0 mm are illuminated by 544 nm light. Fi0mngbfx;q knd2zj 7f7b: iq3(nd the distance between adjacent bright fringes on a screen 5.0 m from the slits.nnx0mfqidzjbb; 772 gk :3fq(    mm

  Light of wavelength 480 nm in air falls on7l5i.e1 opb 3cxt,ft/ 6 pnupx two slits $6.00\times {10}^{-2}mm$ apart. The slits are immersed in water, as is a viewing screen 40.0 cm away. How far apart are the fringes on the screen?    mm

  A very thin sheet of plastic (n=1.60) covers one slit0lebh/ kr xce. o52e(h of a double-slit apparatus illuminated byhec (rxoh.0 k/e el52b 640-nm light. The center point on the screen, instead of being a maximum, is dark. What is the (minimum) thickness of the plastic?    nm

  By what percent, approximately, does the3sja.x 9l9ra1pgi r* e speed of red light (700 nm) exceed that of violet light (400 nm) in silicate flint glass? (See Fig. 24–14.rj3l.g ra* a199isxpe )    %

  A light beam strikes a piece of glasq., h5/js6g xjcbm;jts at a 60.00${}^{\circ }$ incident angle. The beam contains two wavelengths, 450.0 nm and 700.0 nm, for which the index of refraction of the glass is 1.4820 and 1.4742, respectively. What is the angle between the two refracted beams?    ${}^{\circ }$

  A parallel beam of light containit3h sjhbq 1++ 9u( xuf.c fo6b.eg)rwwng two wavelengths, ${\lambda }_1=450nm$ and ${\lambda }_2=650nm$, enters the silicate flint glass of an equilateral prism as shown in Fig. 24–58. At what angle does each beam leave the prism (give angle with normal to the face)?
${\theta }_{d1}$    ${}^{\circ }$ from the normal
${\theta }_{d2}$    ${}^{\circ }$ from the normal

  If 580-nm light falls on a slit 0.0440 mm wide, what is the full ap(q8xxox8 8dangular width of p (a8xdxo8 xq8the central diffraction peak?    ${}^{\circ }$

  Monochromatic light fallf1sh k ;r:rtc h2v-i/ys on a slit that is $2.60\times {10}^{-3}mm$ wide. If the angle between the first dark fringes on either side of the central maximum is 35.0${}^{\circ }$ (dark fringe to dark fringe), what is the wavelength of the light used?    nm

  Light of wavelength 520 nm falls on a slit thau1ze5a- t1 9zjufld-p t is $3.20\times {10}^{-3}mm$ wide. Estimate how far the first brightish diffraction fringe is from the strong central maximum if the screen is 10.0 m away.    m

  A single slit 1.0 mm wide is illuminated by 450-nm light. What ii)as):p 1 olbfs the width of the central maximum (in cm) in the diffraction pattern on a sc)osib : af1pl)reen 5.0 m away?    cm

  Monochromatic light of wavelength 653 nm falls on a slit. If the 9apvn e)ld-yk/zm6/ mangle between the first bright fringes on eithe p9a-d6 / mlm/vkynze)r side of the central maximum is 32${}^{\circ }$, estimate the slit width.    $\mu m$

  How wide is the central diffraction peak,s/f 3q,fc ynp on a screen 2.30 m behind a 0.0348-mm-wide slit illuminatencyspq ff, 3/,d by 589-nm light?    cm

  When blue light of wavelength 440 nm falls on a single slit, 88hj(x2angr a the first dark bands on either side of center are sepajngh8ax r2(8a rated by 55.0${}^{\circ }$. Determine the width of the slit.    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  When violet light of wavelength 415 nm falls on a single slit, it creates a cenfl6lylbn7.i kuyi,gby- . n;2tral diffraction peak that is 9.20 cm wide on a screen that is 2.55 m away. How yk,nl6g;fby 2l-iu . y.7n lbiwide is the slit?    mm

  If a slit diffracts 650-nm light so that the diffraction maximum is 4.0(gz2dnd .9kror7 .l 6doid0 uh cm wide on a screen 1.50 m away, whailn(9. z 7u6 2grd ddkoh0ro.dt will be the width of the diffraction maximum for light of wavelength 420 nm?    cm

For a given wavelengbq mr(26i8e egth $\lambda$, what is the maximum slit width for which there will be no diffraction minima?

  At what angle will 560-nm light produce a second-or74mesh zb v7d /6,ngbvvqc5(dder maximum when falling on a grating whose 5db7vhsng, q7db/ evv46c z(mslits are $1.45\times {10}^{-3}cm$ apart?    ${}^{\circ }$

  A $3500-line/cm$ grating produces a third-order fringe at a 28.0${}^{\circ }$ angle. What wavelength of light is being used?    nm

  How many lines per centimeter does a grati u.+zhu fs.zl06kz xa-ng have if the third-order occurs at au6zkhzxu s. a0fl z-+.n 18.0${}^{\circ }$ angle for 630-nm light?    $\times {10}^{3}lines/cm$

  A grating has $8300lines/cm$. How many complete spectral orders can be seen (400 nm to 700 nm) when it is illuminated by white light?   

  The first-order line of 589-nm light falling on a diffraction grizb2+j -sp1nyating is observed 1-nbs+y pij2zat a 15.5${}^{\circ }$ angle. How far apart are the slits?    $\mu m$
At what angle will the third order be observed?

  A diffraction grating ha9ippyw6 a(b +d0 u0wzis $6.0\times {10}^{5}lines/m$. Find the angular spread in the second-order spectrum between red light of wavelength $7.0\times {10}^{-7}m$ and blue light of wavelength $4.5\times {10}^{-7}m$.    ${}^{\circ }$

  Light falling normallyjk:j -zo )/aax on a $9700-line/cm$ grating is revealed to contain three lines in the first-order spectrum at angles of 31.2${}^{\circ }$, 36.4${}^{\circ }$, and 47.5${}^{\circ }$. What wavelengths are these?
${\lambda }_{31.2}$    nm
${\lambda }_{36.4}$    nm
${\lambda }_{47.5}$    nm

  What is the highest spectral order that can be srmya001+pz du-m;kdobvae 9)dn l8l8 een if a grating with 6000 lines per cm is illuminated with 633-nm laser light? Assumeam)zkdlvl00o9p- m8br 1ay n+d 8d u;e normal incidence.   

  Two (and only two) full spectral orders can be seen on either side of3 ;l pcp9p3*dm*xximy the central maximum when white light is sent through a diffraction grating. What is the maximum number of lines per cm for the d3*p*3m9;ixxmlyppc grating?    $\times {10}^{3}lines/cm$

  White light containiz u,axlu95n:ul :qi2k)wby3- j fywy1ng wavelengths from 410 nm to 750 nm falls on a grating with l,l 1uf 3bauwy95kyu)2-:xqnzyjwi: $8500lines/cm$ How wide is the first-order spectrum on a screen 2.30 m away?    m

  A He-Ne gas laser which produces monoch-yjjif7gaocoq-cw *cixr/9 y 9 r,11dromatic light of a known wavelength $\lambda =6.328\times {10}^{-7}m$ is used to calibrate a reflection grating in a spectroscope. The first-order diffraction line is found at an angle of 21.5${}^{\circ }$ to the incident beam. How many lines per meter are there on the grating?    $\times {10}^{5}lines/m$

  Two first-order spectrum line6y(tzk ..(1i grm sfkds are measured by a $9500-line/cm$ spectroscope at angles, on each side of center, of +26${}^{\circ }$ 38${}^{\prime }$,+41${}^{\circ }$ 08${}^{\prime }$ and -26${}^{\circ }$48${}^{\prime }$,-41${}^{\circ }$ 19${}^{\prime }$. What are the wavelengths?
${\lambda }_{{26.72}^{\circ }}=$    nm
${\lambda }_{{41.23}^{\circ }}=$    nm

  If a soap bubble is 120 nm thick, what8 )m icjbkj(:m wavelength is most strongly reflected at the center of the outer surface when 8:cjm) ibjk (milluminated normally by white light? Assume that $n=1.34$. $\lambda$ =    nm ,which is an    -  

  How far apart are the dark fringes (je*5kqj7de7 j c82d mlrn, snin Example 24–8 if the glass plates are each 26.5d8nqs 2 7e(j djlmjrnck5*,e7 cm long?    cm

  What is the smallest thickness of a soap film k+g4hv v ) j3ks (*il,gej+zkr$(n=1.42)$ that would appear black if illuminated with 480-nm light? Assume there is air on both sides of the soap film. $t_{m}in$    nm

  A lens appears greenishllse x 14nm-;d yellow ($\lambda =570mm$ is strongest) when white light reflects from it. What minimum thickness of coating $(n=1.25)$ do you think is used on such a glass $(n=1.52)$ lens, and why? $t_{min}$    nm

  A total of 31 bright and 31 dark Newton’s rings (not counting the dark spot mg0r/5*k2i)ca :c1w h s0:wlw:9dx q uoqaiuhat the center) are observed when 550-nm light falls normally on a planoconvex lens resting on a flat5ao0:wwk9qci l0cxqg*2uwm h isa du)/r:h:1 glass surface (Fig. 24–31). How much thicker is the center than the edges?    $\mu m$

  A fine metal foil separates one end ofj5gdwg)41p;;p,wlp lko5sgvwv 1e5j two pieces of optically flat glass, as in Fig. 24–33. When light of wavelength 670 nm is incident normally, 28 dark lines are observed (with one at each end). How thick is the foil? psgpj)5jv 1lg p o;gw 4k,d5w v5w1;le   $\mu m$

  How thick (minimum) should the aq 8bj3dk a2rl bw3i.a:ir layer be between two flat glass surfaces if the glass is to appearab.2ir j8kwal33 q:b d bright when 450-nm light is incident normally?    nm
What if the glass is to appear dark?    nm

  vA piece of material, suspected of being a stolen diam*vlhg cj4q- /yond $(n=2.42)$ is submerged in oil of refractive index 1.43 and illuminated by unpolarized light. It is found that the reflected light is completely polarized at an angle of 59${}^{\circ }$. Is it diamond? ----待选择----yesno 

  A thin film of alcoho8+eprpzh8 *nd l $(n=1.36)$ lies on a flat glass plate $(n=1.51)$. When monochromatic light, whose wavelength can be changed, is incident normally, the reflected light is a minimum for $\lambda =512nm$ and a maximum for $\lambda =640nm$ What is the minimum thickness of the film?    nm

  When a Newton’s ring apparatus (Fig. 24–31) is immersed69 ary 2n -w5 me nqj6 akxw9wjc3nv,p7gcmu8* in a liquid, the diameter of the eighth dark ring decreases from 2.92 cm to 2.48 cm. What is the refractiv e3mcpxwqky ja69 w 9aj528-6 uwcmg,nnrn*7ve index of the liquid?   

  What is the wavelength of the light ento + 4*9xqt7of blkk-xiering an interferometer if 644 bright fringes are counted 97*xktk+lb fq- oxi4owhen the movable mirror moves 0.225 mm?    nm

  A micrometer is connected to the movable mirror of an interferometer. When trye . m-6haor j2+ri3she micrometer is tightened down on a thin metal foil, the net number of bright fringes that mov.ai r orejy +ms2-hr63e, compared to the empty micrometer, is 272. What is the thickness of the foil? The wavelength of light used is 589 nm.    $\mu m$

  How far must the mirroc u awu+.,j4jtt2ruv/ r $M_1$ in a Michelson interferometer be moved if 850 fringes of 589-nm light are to pass by a reference line?    mm

  One of the beams of an interferometer (Fig. 24–59) passes thro8v pli:ryo t3.ugh a small glass container containing a cavity 1.30 cm deep. When a gas is allowed to slowly fill the container, a total of 236 dark fringes are counted to move past a reference linev3pio: .8ytr l. The light used has a wavelength of 610 nm. Calculate the index of refraction of the gas, assuming that the interferometer is in vacuum. $n_{gas}$

  

  Two polarizers are orient qbwglnl1 ht8:y6zi9-ed at 65${}^{\circ }$ to one another. Unpolarized light falls on them. What fraction of the light intensity is transmitted?   

  What is Brewster’s angle for(vk)vm ezlb 4+ f2tbx4 an air–glass $(n=1.52)$ surface? ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$

  What is Brewster’s angle f6 ctv:j aqvcz1.vu9 tfdf3w ;6b fv.*tor a diamond submerged in water if the light is hitting the dia63:vwbt 9.fc6 v;jt cafzv*dqvf1u t.mond $(n=2.42)$ while traveling in the water? ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two Polaroids are aligned so that the light passingfaj zspq : vs*n1t6d*:u5wmk 7 through them is a maximum. At what angle should one of them be placed so that the intensity is subsequently reduced byt1 zv f:sujk*p* d7wnsqa: m56 half?    ${}^{\circ }$

  At what angle should the axes of two Polaroids be placed so as to v8axh1ggszd-h. e) by p. y6b-reduce the intensity of the incident unpolarized d -1-vbg.h)6y s xha8.bpgezy light to
(a) $\frac{1}{3}$ ,    ${}^{\circ }$
(b) $\frac{1}{10}$ ?    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two polarizers are or9qgte7ygkh8z ,h):t riented at 40${}^{\circ }$ to each other and plane-polarized light is incident on them. If only 15% of the light gets through both of them, what was the initial polarization direction of the incident light?    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two polarizers are oriented acqc)wu 01k(n2txf, f ec .-rxxt 38.0${}^{\circ }$ to one another. Light polarized at a 19.0${}^{\circ }$ angle to each polarizer passes through both. What percent reduction in intensity takes place?    %

  What would Brewster’s angle be for refler3u ojr-t wpq 7:66+dzw 9juli 6:wmddctions off the surface of water for light coming from beneath the surface? Compare to the angle for total internal reflection, and to Brewster’s angle from above the surfaowzt 37jwuquddl:md: 6w+ij r6pr- 9 6ce.
If the light is coming from water to air, ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$For the refraction at the critical angle from water to air ${\theta }_c$   ${}^{\circ }$ If the light is coming from air to water ${\theta }_p^{\prime }$   ${}^{\circ }$

  Unpolarized light passes through five s+3nf( j; kdrafcg3k+ ;z ,tjceuccessive Polaroid sheets, each of whose + ,de jtncaj(;3k+cfr kf;z3gaxis makes a 45${}^{\circ }$ angle with the previous one. What is the intensity of the transmitted beam?    $I_0$

  Light of wavelength 3iprq 7jkky+3 $5.0\times {10}^{7}m$ passes through two parallel slits and falls on a screen 4.0 m away. Adjacent bright bands of the interference pattern are 2.0 cm apart.
(a) Find the distance between the slits.    mm
(b) The same two slits are next illuminated by light of a different wavelength, and the fifth-order minimum for this light occurs at the same point on the screen as the fourth-order minimum for the previous light. What is the wavelength of the second source of light? ${\lambda }_2$    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  Television and radio waves reflecting from mountains or air24v,q e*l fqm lh, zcn(j9+swiplanes can interfere with the direct signal fvlzsc fjl4*2qn w,i9q+,(e mhrom the station.
(a) What kind of interference will occur when 75-MHz television signals arrive at a receiver directly from a distant station, and are reflected from a nearby airplane 118 m directly above the receiver? Assume $\frac{1}{2}\lambda$ change in phase of the signal upon reflection.  ----待选择----constructivedestructive 
(b) What kind of interference will occur if the plane is 22 m closer to the receiver?  ----待选择----constructivedestructive 

  Red light from three separate sources passes throbw6iu/crqhil.pux ,i.q ot7y-kn(*2ugh a diffraction grating with u7 w6t .hnq2 xrlq/ ik,y-*i(.piocbu $3.00\times {10}^{5}lines/m.$ The wavelengths of the three lines are $6.56\times {10}^{-7}m$ (hydrogen), $6.50\times {10}^{-7}m$ (neon), and $6.97\times {10}^{-7}m$ (argon). Calculate the angles for the first-order diffraction lines of each of these sources. ${\theta }_h$    ${}^{\circ }$ ${\theta }_n$    ${}^{\circ }$ ${\theta }_a$    ${}^{\circ }$

  Light of wavelength 590 nm passes through two narrow slits 0.0i hmnqa023)sn;r xhf60 mm apart. The screen is 1.70 m away. A second source of unknown wavelength produces its second-order fringe 1.33 mm closer to the ce)fh n; 23inhxsa0 0mqrntral maximum than the 590-nm light. What is the wavelength of the unknown light? ${\lambda }_2$    nm

A radio station operating at 102.1 MHz broadcasts from two identical antenndn4tc r.vkn,0ae at the same elevation but separated by an 8.0-m horizontal distance d, Fig. 24–60. A maximutn,0krc4. vd nm signal is found along the midline, perpendicular to d at its midpoint and extending horizontally in both directions. If the midline is taken as 0${}^{\circ }$, at what other angle(s) $\theta$ is a maximum signal detected? A minimum signal? Assume all measurements are made much farther than 8.0 m from the antenna towers.

  A teacher stands well bace: slrf)urwu2fc9x. 3k from an outside doorway 0.88 m wide, and blows a whistle of frequency 750 Hz. Ignoring reflections, estimate .r2u rxf:w3ue 9fs)lc at what angle(s) it is not possible to hear the whistle clearly on the playground outside the doorway.    ${}^{\circ }$ either side of the normal.

If parallel light falls on a single slits nqk,e ao5ttttq+1z lp*/ncc1+0 k 6d of width D at a 30${}^{\circ }$ angle to the normal, describe the diffraction pattern.

  The wings of a certa+hb)4 qzbo2czin beetle have a series of parallel lines across them. When normally incident 460-nm light is reflec+2 qboz)4chb zted from the wing, the wing appears bright when viewed at an angle of 51${}^{\circ }$. How far apart are the lines?    nm

  How many lines per centimeter must a grating have if theig /t9xjl**tw re is to be no second-order spectrum for any visible ljitx* /9 wt*gwavelength?   $lines/cm$

Show that the second- and thirdbhpfi3ar 69u3gf t0 :u q+d9mv-order spectra of white light produced by a diffraction grating always overlap. Wq 96 idrfbghmut:0p+u 3f a93vhat wavelengths overlap exactly?

  When yellow sodium lisl oe/z 67jhdyr6 l7b)ght, $\lambda =$ falls on a diffraction grating, its first-order peak on a screen 60.0 cm away falls 3.32 cm from the central peak. Another source produces a line 3.71 cm from the central peak. What is the wavelength of the new source? How many $lines/cm$ are on the grating?
   nm
  $lines/cm$

  Light is incident on a di- +ydny s+ g,oc)jzz.zffraction grating with and the pattern is viewed on a screen 2.5 m from the gratingnjzgyys.czz o+)-, +d. The incident light beam consists of two wavelengths, ${\lambda }_1=4.6\times {10}^{-7}m$ and ${\lambda }_2=6.5\times {10}^{-7}m$. Calculate the linear distance between the first-order bright fringes of these two wavelengths on the screen.    m