Does Huygens’ principle apply to sound waves? To water wnr b.9khe)lj 0oix)n79tc0 yd aves? Explain.

What is the evidence that light is energ bthnb.2jla+jir7,b-*o ui.i y?

Why is light sometimes described as rays av548 lrjv4qqand sometimes as waves?

We can hear sounds around corners, but we cannot see arouau b 5) 83:0vwcj)c,wgwnuz9a 4jmpiqnd corners; yet both sound and light are waves. Explain the diffa ):uan9b qz5g4wm puj 3,w8j0cc)wvi erence.

If Young’s double-slit experiment +;qo5 ho t6nvxib51tm were submerged in water, how would the fringe patv om51;+bq6 nt 5ixothtern be changed?

Monochromatic red light is incidenty/ne dybz 2 *z rjfs* 58wl2joi/0z1xw on a double slit, and the interference pattern is viewed on a screen some distance away. Explain how the fringe pattern would change if the rezz x2s/fw8/0 b1ey*wdyrj*zl ijon5 2d light source is replaced by a blue light source.

Two rays of light from thc z5i;hmus*6cv);/db . om;ype x gem+e same source destructively interfere if their path lengths diffeg icmpy;;ub5cm6v d*)xhem/ +; .e szor by how much?

Why was the observation of the double-slit interference pattern more cofl1ar c iy)*p cd;4or:nvincing evidence for the wave theory of pc;l4)fd*r yr1a:c iolight than the observation of diffraction?

Compare a double-slit experiment for soundeyj3-fdhlc1l3 2g*)scu :y cm waves to that for light waves. Discuss the simila cjy3 s3 cm)lg-*hl1eyd2:fucrities and differences.

Why doesn’t the light from the two2g:w6vm7apy d headlights of a distant car produce an interference patpg7vym aw:d2 6tern?

Suppose white light falls on themx0a3dqi9xr*e ih c p920+ ixh two slits of Fig. 24–7, but one slit is covered by a re pxe9*r2a3 i mhxi0+x9i0qhd cd filter (700 nm) and the other by a blue filter (450 nm). Describe the pattern on the screen.

When white light passes through a flat piece ofb7sr2h 1qshei x9l v*) window glass, it is not broken down iqixr*b)l7he2 s1hs9v nto colors as it is by a prism. Explain.

For both converging and diverging lensoc- -n hzo6 bnw9ajbi 2t3wagt03/ kq8es, discuss how the focal length for red light differs from that for violetnj3a/twh- cbgznt -owia3b qo9682 k0 light.

A ray of light is refracted through three different materials (Fig. 24–55). l)bdbv/ n(66ejht/hf 7h1hpe Rank the materials according to their index of reh/)nv (jbp /he tfldhe7661hb fraction, least to greatest.

Hold one hand close to your eye and focus on a distant light source through a2cdj4w me*n t6 narrow slit between two fingers. (Adjust your fingers to obtain the besw6e2* 4dtn cmjt pattern.) Describe the pattern that you see.

What happens to the diffraction pbk7ti (* lc7qyattern of a single slit if the whole apparatus is immersed in (a) ltqb*y7i( ck 7water, (b) a vacuum, instead of in air.

For diffraction by a single slit, what is the effect of increasing (alxk5xi kvl7043m rd +wlze);n ) the slit width, and (b) the wavelezv 57 xerw ki3llk m0l;4nx)d+ngth?

What is the difference in the interference pa((( fn 66ekv unof:khgwvmp17tterns formed (a) by two slits ${}^{-4}c{m}^2$ apart, (b) by a diffraction grating containing ${10}^{4}lines/cm$?

For a diffraction grating, what f -bz00 ij n jt*+cj0ojcu*fw. 7ly5zeov70pg is the advantage of (a) many slits, (b) closely spaced sl5jzv7lc0 z -0j0 ubygjj0*ifp.n f t7oweoc*+its?

White light strikes (a) a diffraction grating, and (b) a pr a.vkub dggnw1b 1*v;k: 5+igqism. A rainbow appears on a wall just below the direction of the horizontal incident beam in each case. What is the color of the top of the rainbow in each case? Explainbkng+*db; v1w5ag v.kg q iu:1.

For light consisting of wavelengths bet/l yw7 znqmqubt 4*57+rj7j4b t4l nklween 400 nm and 700 nm, incident normally on a diffraction grating, for what orders (if any) would there be overla wj4b7q7*j /tnlzlby r+4 mqul k7n45tp in the observed spectrum? Does your answer depend on the slit spacing?

Why are interference fringes noticeable only flj gi5evf8 2k xc75fn,or a thin film like a soap bubble and not for a thick pi7ff k5 xjlv n8,5cg2ieece of glass, say?

When a compact disk (CD) is held at an angle in white light, theal2;u 75 q(+bkj kdgiqlzow19z od, r- reflected light is a full spectrum (Fig. 24–56). Explain. What would you expect to see if monochromatic lir9k gzoqjo5 bk uq dlz;2+a17,wd (-ilght was used?

Why are Newton’s rings (Fig. 24–31) closer together farther from th16uecj,6bw j6 )up ceze center?

Some coated lenses appear greenish yellow when seen by reflected q 9+2ma;m3 e x0n ;agwdhdv;7 hxdrl.dlight. What wavelengths do you suppose the coating is designed to transmit comdn v;xm.+2hw ;dqmg0;ea7 a h9l3ddrxpletely?

A drop of oil on a pond appears bright at its edges, where its thickness is mc5l2:s v:dikcuch less vd5l2 c ::cskithan the wavelengths of visible light. What can you say about the index of refraction of the oil?

What does polarization tell us ab6m.m/n nts+vk out the nature of light?

Explain the advantage of polarized sungl7fchk7 h* guy2asses over normal tinted sunglasses.

How can you tell if euq)r ofaa( ,8a pair of sunglasses is polarizing or not?

Two polarized sheets rotated at an angle of 9,g/e,vsnc f3x 0${}^{\circ }$ with respect to each other will not let any light through. Three polarized sheets, each rotated at an angle of 45${}^{\circ }$ with respect to each other, will let some light through. What will happen to unpolarized light if you align four polarized sheets, each rotated at an angle of 30${}^{\circ }$ with respect to the one in front of it?

What would be the color of the sky if the Ear6 fom1)hhd n1xth had no atmosphere?

If the Earth’s atmosphere were 50 times dy1.0l1j3 wwj sv yyxpsl1cm ;.enser than it is, would sunlight still be white, olwvm1 jsyw.0;lj13.xy c1sypr would it be some other color?

  Monochromatic light falb p ee;lry2nnst/1 xx -q83a9kling on two slits 0.016 mm apart produces the fifth-order fringe at anearx ;/nb9p3t 1x nly-s82eqk 8.8${}^{\circ }$ angle. What is the wavelength of the light used?    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  The third-order fringe of 610 nm light -:t87(e(xxbw)x bef s/lxuslis observed at an angle of 18${}^{\circ }$ when the light falls on two narrow slits. How far apart are the slits?    $\mu m$

  Monochromatic light falls on two very narrow slits 0.048 mmlo3r(0jzv w8mr* 12w etgp/ *ennh4wk apart. Successive fringes on a screen 5.00 m away are 6.5 cm apart near the center of the pattern. Determinerwonkjv(w8 * zt3e/r4p1 l 0g n2h*emw the wavelength and frequency of the light.
$\lambda =$    $m$
$f$ =    Hz

  A parallel beam of light from a He-Ne laser, with a wavelength 656 nmon0t 6/s d;mfm, falls on two very narr/ 6noms f0;mtdow slits 0.060 mm apart. How far apart are the fringes in the center of the pattern on a screen 3.6 m away?    cm

  Light of wavelength 680 nm wkw.rk 2,qn (ifalls on two slits and produces an interference pattern in which the fourth-order frin.2rqwk (k ,winge is 38 mm from the central fringe on a screen 2.0 m away. What is the separation of the two slits?    mm

  If 720-nm and 660-nm light passes through two slits 0.58 mm apart, how far apart eufbfhj74q:(/l6bq:qsbdw : are the second-order fringes for these two wa4j/hldfq(:b fewq:q b6u: 7sbvelengths on a screen 1.0 m away?    mm

  In a double-slit experimb92dsa )(8tuaayqb*hent, it is found that blue light of wavelength 460 nm gives a second-order maximum at a certain location on th )u(bhdby8at2 *aaqs9e screen. What wavelength of visible light would have a minimum at the same location?    nm

Water waves having parallelq d(vga/f-)fa -epmxi4* l8v n crests 2.5 cm apart pass through two openings 5.0 cm apart in a board. At a point 2.0 m beyond the board, at whatg-mvd/x* ap- fav nie(l8 4q)f angle relative to the “straight-through” direction would there be little or no wave action?

Suppose a thin piece of glass g)62id;rdg ir ag, 0lsis placed in front of the lower slit in Fig. 24–7 so that the two waves enter dgir0ilgad2 ) r,;6 sgthe slits 180${}^{\circ }$ out of phase (Fig. 24–57). Describe in detail the interference pattern on the screen.
24-7
24-57

  In a double-slit experiment, the third-o4,p3cka0 9dh.dx ih9 xb(nls irder maximum for light of wavelength 500 nm is located 12 mm from the central bright spot on a screen 1.6 m from the slits. Light of wavelength 650 nm is then projected through the same slits. How far from the central bright sc9d3 xhsnl0 a.k 9(,ipix4d hbpot will the second-order maximum of this light be located?    mm

  Two narrow slits sep:iih 14a05mfpj6nnrm arated by 1.0 mm are illuminated by 544 nm light. Find the distance between adjacent bright fringes on a screen 5.0 m from tn mj:r6mi4h p1i fn05ahe slits.    mm

  Light of wavelength 480 nm kp txtt0;sweo2s/r 8+in air falls on two slits $6.00\times {10}^{-2}mm$ apart. The slits are immersed in water, as is a viewing screen 40.0 cm away. How far apart are the fringes on the screen?    mm

  A very thin sheet of plastic (n=1.60) covers one slit of a double-slit a )* rbez v(prp7;pz(ptpparatus illuminated by 640-nm light. vrz7t *p p(zpprb e();The center point on the screen, instead of being a maximum, is dark. What is the (minimum) thickness of the plastic?    nm

  By what percent, approximately, does the speed of red light (700/ r 03yy9 (jz pk/v-fepmqfw:v nm) exceed that of violet light (400 nm) in silicate flint glass? (See Fig. yvpf :f/-j9 ep3 vkwrz0(yqm/ 24–14.)    %

  A light beam strikes a piece of glaiutsz*mc -g(7l+)n sbss at a 60.00${}^{\circ }$ incident angle. The beam contains two wavelengths, 450.0 nm and 700.0 nm, for which the index of refraction of the glass is 1.4820 and 1.4742, respectively. What is the angle between the two refracted beams?    ${}^{\circ }$

  A parallel beam of light containing twf4 .k: )lynpd7g+rig no wavelengths, ${\lambda }_1=450nm$ and ${\lambda }_2=650nm$, enters the silicate flint glass of an equilateral prism as shown in Fig. 24–58. At what angle does each beam leave the prism (give angle with normal to the face)?
${\theta }_{d1}$    ${}^{\circ }$ from the normal
${\theta }_{d2}$    ${}^{\circ }$ from the normal

  If 580-nm light falls on a slit 0.0440 mm w 3csgr1wb0 i:pide, what is the full angular width of the central diffraction peak? sb1iw gcr:3p0    ${}^{\circ }$

  Monochromatic light falls on a slit that ; wc2xzw2xz0 ;z(9z0whu/jfrpl b v,jis $2.60\times {10}^{-3}mm$ wide. If the angle between the first dark fringes on either side of the central maximum is 35.0${}^{\circ }$ (dark fringe to dark fringe), what is the wavelength of the light used?    nm

  Light of wavelength 520 nm falls on a slit that isyae2j pssrcw v 2wpj35 :n.51i $3.20\times {10}^{-3}mm$ wide. Estimate how far the first brightish diffraction fringe is from the strong central maximum if the screen is 10.0 m away.    m

  A single slit 1.0 mm wide is illuminated by 450-nm light. What is the width of o3jha:kudk mgc ,*8xb*4-vkjthe central maximum (in cm) in the diffraction pattern 8 ,a3kkcub g*djvh mkj*ox4:-on a screen 5.0 m away?    cm

  Monochromatic light ofa8 5 ksh4o oxo9o(djqd2vp+0 m wavelength 653 nm falls on a slit. If the angle between the first bright fringes on either side of the cen(5 qs+4kvo2hojo ddmax089potral maximum is 32${}^{\circ }$, estimate the slit width.    $\mu m$

  How wide is the central diffraction peak on a screen 2.30 m behind a 0.0e7 2ai4dqevy2x7mte(348-mm-wide slit 4t(72e qdix2vyem 7ae illuminated by 589-nm light?    cm

  When blue light of wavelength 44.y)e,bbabo+u 0 nm falls on a single slit, the first dark bands on eb., eob+ bua)yither side of center are separated by 55.0${}^{\circ }$. Determine the width of the slit.    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  When violet light of wavelength 415 nm falls on1gmsg7iz ejv. ;(ybp8 a single slit, it creates a central diffraction peak that is 9.20 cm wide on 1gm;pszgb(y 8 evji.7a screen that is 2.55 m away. How wide is the slit?    mm

  If a slit diffracts 650-nm cxsz-mo/,44dtv u:uflight so that the diffraction maximum is 4.0 cm wide on a scrvcm4xd/: -,f4sz uotueen 1.50 m away, what will be the width of the diffraction maximum for light of wavelength 420 nm?    cm

For a given wavelengt+3voss mua o+nu+: d0tq,0 pg)hdcge/h $\lambda$, what is the maximum slit width for which there will be no diffraction minima?

  At what angle will 560-nm light produce a second-order maximum when fall 34 h 4ispwlp.ocmk(5ging on a opiwc.3khm 4lgp4s 5( grating whose slits are $1.45\times {10}^{-3}cm$ apart?    ${}^{\circ }$

  A $3500-line/cm$ grating produces a third-order fringe at a 28.0${}^{\circ }$ angle. What wavelength of light is being used?    nm

  How many lines per centimeter does a grating have if the. )wgweqgi; wim:a c684o x7pw third-order occurs at an q6)4w8;wa x7 igep c mg:.wwoi18.0${}^{\circ }$ angle for 630-nm light?    $\times {10}^{3}lines/cm$

  A grating has $8300lines/cm$. How many complete spectral orders can be seen (400 nm to 700 nm) when it is illuminated by white light?   

  The first-order line of 589-nm light falling on a diffrayxmvg b96h xs q2(7rn*ction grating is observed at a 15v6(xnb2 9*r hsqmgx 7y.5${}^{\circ }$ angle. How far apart are the slits?    $\mu m$
At what angle will the third order be observed?

  A diffraction grating has;y2 9.tuq bjf7 l2pbpq $6.0\times {10}^{5}lines/m$. Find the angular spread in the second-order spectrum between red light of wavelength $7.0\times {10}^{-7}m$ and blue light of wavelength $4.5\times {10}^{-7}m$.    ${}^{\circ }$

  Light falling normally o 9c*jns e4tqs:n a $9700-line/cm$ grating is revealed to contain three lines in the first-order spectrum at angles of 31.2${}^{\circ }$, 36.4${}^{\circ }$, and 47.5${}^{\circ }$. What wavelengths are these?
${\lambda }_{31.2}$    nm
${\lambda }_{36.4}$    nm
${\lambda }_{47.5}$    nm

  What is the highest spectral order t;s9n ed5scvkjb r*l2(hat can be seen if a grating with 6000 lines per cmsvs kl9;5dn2bjc (*re is illuminated with 633-nm laser light? Assume normal incidence.   

  Two (and only two) full spectral orders can be seen on eittmqec-oq*ej1 t oe:yu om .+8j,sx97 oher side of the central maximum when white light is sent through a diffraction grating. What is the maximum number of lines per cm for8ouex9-7m + ejo*yjt,o: ot.c1mqqes the grating?    $\times {10}^{3}lines/cm$

  White light containing wavelentdr7 4s,brl9el v9. wtgths from 410 nm to 750 nm falls on a grating witheswtbl.rr47 d 9,vtl 9 $8500lines/cm$ How wide is the first-order spectrum on a screen 2.30 m away?    m

  A He-Ne gas laser which produces monochromaticpv -a:nk5 l btob(vu9m z340wv light of a known wavelength $\lambda =6.328\times {10}^{-7}m$ is used to calibrate a reflection grating in a spectroscope. The first-order diffraction line is found at an angle of 21.5${}^{\circ }$ to the incident beam. How many lines per meter are there on the grating?    $\times {10}^{5}lines/m$

  Two first-order spectru+iksbvi1m6hdz 6bk44m lines are measured by a $9500-line/cm$ spectroscope at angles, on each side of center, of +26${}^{\circ }$ 38${}^{\prime }$,+41${}^{\circ }$ 08${}^{\prime }$ and -26${}^{\circ }$48${}^{\prime }$,-41${}^{\circ }$ 19${}^{\prime }$. What are the wavelengths?
${\lambda }_{{26.72}^{\circ }}=$    nm
${\lambda }_{{41.23}^{\circ }}=$    nm

  If a soap bubble is 120 nm thick, what ; kv iz0zucpwab)ak8r 7;d;m *wavelength is most strongly reflected at the center of the outer surface when illuminated normally by white light? Assume thaz* vdc ;;w8 ;aimb70zr)kuka pt $n=1.34$. $\lambda$ =    nm ,which is an    -  

  How far apart are the dark fringes in Example 24–8 if the glass plates are eachilu,16w omk1x i04kqh 26 ,kuhmwli6k0 1o4x i1q.5 cm long?    cm

  What is the smallest thickness of a soa+uis+d aj. iy.p film $(n=1.42)$ that would appear black if illuminated with 480-nm light? Assume there is air on both sides of the soap film. $t_{m}in$    nm

  A lens appears greenish mo95,:tq h 5+e ;qsuqeayxw*b yellow ($\lambda =570mm$ is strongest) when white light reflects from it. What minimum thickness of coating $(n=1.25)$ do you think is used on such a glass $(n=1.52)$ lens, and why? $t_{min}$    nm

  A total of 31 bright and 31 darko3 9.+v8cwpyadd - mcr Newton’s rings (not counting the dark spot at the center) are observed when 550-nm light falls normally on a plcc3-mddp v8ry9+w oa. anoconvex lens resting on a flat glass surface (Fig. 24–31). How much thicker is the center than the edges?    $\mu m$

  A fine metal foil separates one end of two pieces of optical ):5/o:b m5cdtkawiaf ly flat glass, as in Fig. 24–33. When light of wavelength 670 nm is incident normally, 28 dark lines are observed (with one at eachifakbwc:t:5 a)/ 5mod end). How thick is the foil?    $\mu m$

  How thick (minimum) should the air layer be bdvd*t2z ph i-d.yc54i o, u,j jr4nxu(etween two flat glass surfaces if the glajtd5ypru4,h*xd(c4 2, ijd vnzo.i -uss is to appear bright when 450-nm light is incident normally?    nm
What if the glass is to appear dark?    nm

  vA piece of material, suspected of beau(a( b))nttaing a stolen diamond $(n=2.42)$ is submerged in oil of refractive index 1.43 and illuminated by unpolarized light. It is found that the reflected light is completely polarized at an angle of 59${}^{\circ }$. Is it diamond? ----待选择----yesno 

  A thin film of alcoholsd cwixh794y,opwyq l1)6 ,dp $(n=1.36)$ lies on a flat glass plate $(n=1.51)$. When monochromatic light, whose wavelength can be changed, is incident normally, the reflected light is a minimum for $\lambda =512nm$ and a maximum for $\lambda =640nm$ What is the minimum thickness of the film?    nm

  When a Newton’s ring apparatus (Fig. 24–31) is immersed in4si n5.hrb yw7u95tr e a liquid, the diameter of the eighth dark ring decreases from 2.92 cm to 2.48 cm. What is the refract9n7.ysr wb 55 hrueti4ive index of the liquid?   

  What is the wavelength of the5.tn xj.2wby(di0txa,oxl 7 u light entering an interferometer if 644 bright fringes are counted when the movable mi (.02ad5t y b7xxx tu,n.ljwoirror moves 0.225 mm?    nm

  A micrometer is connected to the movable mirror of an interferometer. When thvidqtp 8c+n mxzkj: oi:h 88m)*8g -vse micr8i s jph:ok:vz mn qi+g)d8*xm 8vc-8tometer is tightened down on a thin metal foil, the net number of bright fringes that move, compared to the empty micrometer, is 272. What is the thickness of the foil? The wavelength of light used is 589 nm.    $\mu m$

  How far must the mirroie c29n/z6p.k6ise ,i yqbsh/r $M_1$ in a Michelson interferometer be moved if 850 fringes of 589-nm light are to pass by a reference line?    mm

  One of the beams of an interferometer (Fig. 24–59) pas e0/ 7ndfn bh8szo/e0eses through a small glass container containing a cavity 1.30 cm deep. When a gas is allowed to slowly fill the container, a total of 236 dark fringes are counted to movzn h7 0f//bed0n8seoe e past a reference line. The light used has a wavelength of 610 nm. Calculate the index of refraction of the gas, assuming that the interferometer is in vacuum. $n_{gas}$

  

  Two polarizers are oriented ar oalcz7pr9+7t 65${}^{\circ }$ to one another. Unpolarized light falls on them. What fraction of the light intensity is transmitted?   

  What is Brewster’s anxfnj8-gq8.cx- w* kacgle for an air–glass $(n=1.52)$ surface? ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$

  What is Brewster’s angle for as1vhfg/6mc 4 z diamond submerged in water if the light is hitting thegfch/46 sm 1vz diamond $(n=2.42)$ while traveling in the water? ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two Polaroids are aligned so that the lizzkjo95)ua+ ion7uq, ght passing through them is a maximum. At whatzqojno a),7k izu+95 u angle should one of them be placed so that the intensity is subsequently reduced by half?    ${}^{\circ }$

  At what angle should the axes of t 1l fmxm2voqw8(tbnx87svct9fs +-. fwo Polaroids be placed so as to reduce the intensit8tfvf.fbmx2n7t1v9o q -xscm+sw (8ly of the incident unpolarized light to
(a) $\frac{1}{3}$ ,    ${}^{\circ }$
(b) $\frac{1}{10}$ ?    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two polarizers are orie+y0 h1g8 nsi4ysiro4; uf1 lnhnted at 40${}^{\circ }$ to each other and plane-polarized light is incident on them. If only 15% of the light gets through both of them, what was the initial polarization direction of the incident light?    ${}^{\circ }$

  Two polarizers are oriented at 38.xe8hj.6h3 te u0${}^{\circ }$ to one another. Light polarized at a 19.0${}^{\circ }$ angle to each polarizer passes through both. What percent reduction in intensity takes place?    %

  What would Brewster’s angle be for reflections off the surface of water s0eqa lyw2 7j (1:ggctfor light coming from beneath the surface? Compare to the angle for total internal reflection, and to Brewster’s angl 1qjgtc7:gsy0 e(lw2 ae from above the surface.
If the light is coming from water to air, ${\theta }_p$    ${}^{\circ }$For the refraction at the critical angle from water to air ${\theta }_c$   ${}^{\circ }$ If the light is coming from air to water ${\theta }_p^{\prime }$   ${}^{\circ }$

  Unpolarized light passes through five successive Polar 6rfa4j 3 k1ftgq8.deuoid sheets, each of whose axisu3ja8d1 fq . efgrt64k makes a 45${}^{\circ }$ angle with the previous one. What is the intensity of the transmitted beam?    $I_0$

  Light of wavelength x eybe9 n9 1d4q;b5iex$5.0\times {10}^{7}m$ passes through two parallel slits and falls on a screen 4.0 m away. Adjacent bright bands of the interference pattern are 2.0 cm apart.
(a) Find the distance between the slits.    mm
(b) The same two slits are next illuminated by light of a different wavelength, and the fifth-order minimum for this light occurs at the same point on the screen as the fourth-order minimum for the previous light. What is the wavelength of the second source of light? ${\lambda }_2$    $\times {10}^{-7}m$

  Television and radio waves reflecting from mountains or airplanes85y;hyh y uz(v.ip50 jngb 6ov can interfere with the direct signal fvu( nv0.ygyyp5b6ho8;h z5i jrom the station.
(a) What kind of interference will occur when 75-MHz television signals arrive at a receiver directly from a distant station, and are reflected from a nearby airplane 118 m directly above the receiver? Assume $\frac{1}{2}\lambda$ change in phase of the signal upon reflection.  ----待选择----constructivedestructive 
(b) What kind of interference will occur if the plane is 22 m closer to the receiver?  ----待选择----constructivedestructive 

  Red light from three separate sources passes through a diffraction oerngth0 9q .l-z-itan-z4 iig 2xc/9grating with -4cgel a/z0gt 9 -x-. nir2tqihzo9n i$3.00\times {10}^{5}lines/m.$ The wavelengths of the three lines are $6.56\times {10}^{-7}m$ (hydrogen), $6.50\times {10}^{-7}m$ (neon), and $6.97\times {10}^{-7}m$ (argon). Calculate the angles for the first-order diffraction lines of each of these sources. ${\theta }_h$    ${}^{\circ }$ ${\theta }_n$    ${}^{\circ }$ ${\theta }_a$    ${}^{\circ }$

  Light of wavelength 590 nm passes throuc3ik 9t qo9 n6d)kd8joho+n.igh two narrow slits 0.60 mm apart. The screen is 1.70 m away. 3o8oi9 ok)c 9.jn 6t +dkhinqdA second source of unknown wavelength produces its second-order fringe 1.33 mm closer to the central maximum than the 590-nm light. What is the wavelength of the unknown light? ${\lambda }_2$    nm

A radio station operating at;yj q)bxl:ty* 102.1 MHz broadcasts from two identical antennae at the same elevation but separated by an 8.0-m horizontal distance d, Fig. 24–60. A b*yy:jq;txl )maximum signal is found along the midline, perpendicular to d at its midpoint and extending horizontally in both directions. If the midline is taken as 0${}^{\circ }$, at what other angle(s) $\theta$ is a maximum signal detected? A minimum signal? Assume all measurements are made much farther than 8.0 m from the antenna towers.

  A teacher stands well back from an outsiehx0zoz-4l+o ;pfclcou v1q -,7mb 1dde doorway 0.88 m wide, and blows a whistle of frequency 750 Hz. Ignoring reflections, estimate at whatldm ebc-qvp zfluo4;0 o7z +- 1oxc1h, angle(s) it is not possible to hear the whistle clearly on the playground outside the doorway.    ${}^{\circ }$ either side of the normal.

If parallel light falls on a single slit of widthadv 5a74:be4qggtc * x D at a 30${}^{\circ }$ angle to the normal, describe the diffraction pattern.

  The wings of a certain beetle have a series of parallel lines across them. Whenbp f9sivof . m1h-b5/i normally incident 460-nm light is reflected from the wing, the wing appears bright when viewed am5phio/s- v fb1b9i.ft an angle of 51${}^{\circ }$. How far apart are the lines?    nm

  How many lines per centimeter must a grating have if there is to be no secon 03hgj(xy :rjfd-order specxj : hry0f(jg3trum for any visible wavelength?   $lines/cm$

Show that the second- and third-order spectra of white light producei / b ohge;vttt3ph+m63(b96vwq6wo jd by a diffraction grating aljh(66ivg3v9ttww b h3mqp6 +/o ;tboeways overlap. What wavelengths overlap exactly?

  When yellow sodium lightpq2okl(p8a 3g , $\lambda =$ falls on a diffraction grating, its first-order peak on a screen 60.0 cm away falls 3.32 cm from the central peak. Another source produces a line 3.71 cm from the central peak. What is the wavelength of the new source? How many $lines/cm$ are on the grating?
   nm
  $lines/cm$

  Light is incident on a diffraction grating with and the patterf ei( :*tca5 xlijc2m3n is viewed on a screen 2.5 m from the grating. The incident light beam consists of two wavelength t m3l5xj(ecc*iafi2: s, ${\lambda }_1=4.6\times {10}^{-7}m$ and ${\lambda }_2=6.5\times {10}^{-7}m$. Calculate the linear distance between the first-order bright fringes of these two wavelengths on the screen.    m