State which of the following is not an ozone-depleting substance (ODSirzxdg,;swm 9::+1kd yx j4 vo).

  State which factor has notre0-t*tr7qj g caused a mass extinction in the past.

  Identify which of the fo*lkuhb// z+q6refm-n llowing is not true about stratospheric ozone.

  Determine which of the uz n1udz9sy:*following greenhouse gases is correctly paired with its sour:z9yu*s undz 1ce.

  State which is not true regarding4 0t821e w.njwbaugy.a0iq c b greenhouse gases.

  List the main greenhouse.4ysf 0u ai+xq gases.

  Figure: Variations in ozone hole area since 1979 5lk*alt65i oc


Describe the trends seen in the graph
I.
The mean and maximum ozone hole area start to increase from 1979.
II.
The mean ozone hole area reached a maximum somewhere between 2000 and 2010.
III.
There is a downward trend from 2015 to the present for the mean ozone hole area.
.

  Figure: Variations in ozone hole area)pmex/t 6 dg6f since 1979


Deduce why is there a downward trend in the area of the ozone hole in recent years.

  Outline how the depletion of stratospheric ozone can impact living systemcl- (v2-tjirgsr8 w 6e7 od1oks.

  Determine to which level of pollution management strategy each of the bel nwb3+g ljl*v0 vx96ejow strategies bejv9 lg j0e6b+n *3wlvxlongs.
I.
Passing legislation that regulates the amount of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) that are released into the environment.
II.
Developing technologies that will allow for the elimination of ODS from the ozone layer.
III.
Passing legislation that prohibits the use of ODS and requires the use of their alternatives.

  Describe ozone-depleting substances moc xn ui50 rd8c.h/v0(ODS) and their effects.
I.
Ozone-depleting substances include halogenated gases like CFCs, used as propellants in aerosols and coolants for refrigerators.
II.
The ODS reach the stratosphere and release the halogens they carry. This disrupts the normal equilibrium of ozone formation and destruction, causing a decline in ozone.
III.
The stratosphere can no longer absorb enough of the UV radiation, causing the rays to reach the surface of the Earth, harming the organisms, causing eye problems and skin cancer.

  Identify the most successful action in combga lf9pfp7 7/mv4vj0;hntzt .atting the decrease in the concentratim70pf7hj/.ft9v; l4 vtz gn paon of stratospheric ozone.

  Depletion of stratospheric ozone has affected life on Eartlkhe6 9a 0oqp*k3, 1hyj+luok h in many ways.
Identify which of the following is not the result of depletion of stratospheric ozone.

  Figure: ODS Emission:g d; ki g6ag,2m dzk87 c+zzfi6qq)vds from 1961 to 2014


Outline whether the Montreal Protocol has been successful in achieving its aims.

  Figure: Ozone concentration at differen3pa * a.mcnz)wt altitudes


Identify the option that does not correctly describe stratospheric and tropospheric ozone.

  Figure: Stratospheric ozone concentration fro+aapg,xr rmf j*o)2op3 q ys/0; ks1 )a5aiheym 1960 to 2100

Explain the reason behind the delayed effect in ozone reformation seen in the Figure, considering that the Montreal Protocol took effect in 1989.