Define total fertility rate +c6buj;we w 2xw0d6a s(TFR).

  Outline the change which is most n2r4b97cvdf7pmut1 o likely to cause a population to move from stage 1 to stage 2 of the demographic transition modmo d4ru1vt7 nb7p c9f2el.

  Figure: Population statistics for countries R and4t5))wxw* axw d8tbwy V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - popc j(7 jdh 09*grhl/atlulation 20,570,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55 ,q::r5uul1 iplc ks.j% of the human population lived in cities. This percentage is expected to grow to 68j:kl,qupl :. ic1su5r% by 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil Degrad v zhn5sys2 k*rwf wo o:h8ku37z7,zy;ation

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on human populat fpjo nk19yid7 2uf4(1y8xjc agr /qx8ion

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child d ;scr10tc ra ig(j0)zgeaths in selected countries 1951 to 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countriesnh.ew-sncy (l97p jr. 1951 to 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude death rate a3 thjf9b n5 kcs)cxho1(c 7,oure influenced by a range of factors. kn c1cfx53bhu9()s7 hoctoj ,

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of the theories of both Malthus and, ,pqdhyu8 px;zmy4 aj mvs-9( Boseduvmhym,8; a(y pxzp,jq 4 s-9rup.

  State which of the following isll,o 4xyzay87 b o cmm90udnl7k: 2u.r an example of a cultural factor influencing population growth.yzlm nau7d7x 82 byc.0l rkmuo:,9lo4

  Figure: Population py 0k5uem;fej m8ramid graph for Eswatini (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.