Define total fertility 9 ) f. nvy7 dffo3y0mqyre6r(lrate (TFR).

  Outline the change which is most likeieymv)qdw9d iv+1 9 5vly to cause a population to move from stage 1 to stage 2 ovvdi)1iywed 5qv +9 9mf the demographic transition model.

  Figure: Population statistics for cvn9t zbwetfhn 4- -/z:ountries R and V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 -,gcorf 1hzh;c4 d5sr4 population 20,570,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55% of the hug/6y.;xmkmcu ziuf2(o*8:i dac ; ly fman population lived in cities. This percec 8 afmdgzlicy*k.my6x;( ;u:/io 2u fntage is expected to grow to 68% by 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil Degradat -s5crbrs(xg5pqpx;j 2r5ee,9 6lq dhion

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on hu*-rx z ar+jm/hman population

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deav:ydf6n earcm9 8dh)7ths in selected countries 1951 to 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 1*ds/.x hsky 0f951 to 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude death rate are influenced by a range of factorsn*qxpu* yrhxm*m* 57 35kt j1;bkl cj;u mwcs+. ucn*khlwj m5x7u m 5q;p+krxjy cbt**3 1*m;s

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of thedoib gb7ff(8xlfs)-w :ag1g 4 theories of both Malthus and Bd awb1oi g:g)ff s x(b-7gf4l8oserup.

  State which of the following is an example of a cultural factor in 5ynm j3ax+0rqfluencing populati5r0m nyxjq+a3on growth.

  Figure: Population pyramid gr+ 6 us;ng)sdpfaph for Eswatini (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.