Define total fertility rah6s4h eftxryt(i0u11 te (TFR).

  Outline the change which ivr/no9ygd+2ms l1ctnh,k/q,s most likely to cause a population to move from stage 1 to stage 2 of the demographic transition mocm9q+lny ,sdtv hkr/g/o,12ndel.

  Figure: Population statistics for countries*3e(xng;d sg uee /n/l 2wtp5l R and V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - popularsv m+h ;bb/yov6c60ution 20,570,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55% of the human populq2ra b,;, cuwtation lived in cities. This percentage is expected to grow to 68% bua;, qrtb2,cw y 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil 3 r/or6ok as;xv0pe)r Degradation

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on human po/i-gxn1- (wj njxe ux,pulation

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 1951 to 20-ox,wbngl4 aba.st 3 b0d*2mx21

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 19gi-i g5trj0c2 51 to 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate ans )1bmy30 pbxnd the crude death rate are influenced by a range of factors.ms 0n )b3bxp1y

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the p-xf/2tu )np ufollowing is not part of the theories of both Malthus and Boserupnupptx f2)-u/.

  State which of the following is an example of a cultural factor influencing pmqd (m7snsy qf;.2n vv72g:ylopulation grow2 2sqmvnl.nvdyf ;q m7:ygs( 7th.

  Figure: Population pyramid graph for Eswatini 3(vzo +aut-xp (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.