Why is the depth of field u6xla /mm jbyup:s).0greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped dua.x6ul msp0 ybm/j: )own” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of field is ghz 49.r 2aoxvireater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped dowx.a iz9or24hvn” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be move b:er443e:fi.afjgzp d farther from the film to focus on a closer object .rb ea :4:4ffijz3epg?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by youngp.ps-gtjfy o*c 6f*s 3er peop**.6 cfostg3-s jpfpyle?

  Will a nearsighted p1 qk t(xm 4f+,tbum0sqerson who wears corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing thoss,tbq1u+km xf0m 4t (qe glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is n2fntan4 rlayan )g2 -*earsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glass )nn-2a4n lg*a 2rafytes (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes sq95ds kfy0aag 8uint. Why does thig098syda a 5kfs help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye uprigh:+ 1f udqixah8b-ad(- xfm;m vt or inverted? Discuss tm-x: iafdax (1d; mq8f-v hub+he implications of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter +c7 ,42rg th ezifros2qs3;5zxi u(heis left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but wher4z2hes,7r+c 2ioe g 5x(hqi t;3z usfn you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lensj rpwke2k9f f,3 4)izses. A simple magnifier is also a converging lens. Are rea )2 f3r9pzw 4i,kfjeksding glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use 48)nzn6 : jqblf*ocqnusually produce images that are color8zc:q )46q*f noblnnj ed at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is wrq-3+ gn k7w5mvy7vu+ uo-..v bres zminimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an obje7zqvebr5..uy7vr-3+og -+ mw su n wkvct at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not present (or are great5g+xn. nco49o8 qew luly reduced) in then+x9onw4 5. l8quecgo human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs f nv 8qtnk 95xn(k+2xlxor thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolutioz452dm;rnir :lh jp .tna gr31n, other things being equal, if you use blue light drmztr54jgl :rnh;ni3 p2 a.1 ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use 1epn eh.+0eqd(v mx*i of large reflecting mirrors in astronomnpieedv0xh(m e+1q. * ical telescopes.

Which color of visible light would give the best resoluf n:3kw jf un7)/afeexjr6o+2tion in a microscope? Explain2jek 3ne) a:urj7ff+x6wfo n /.

  Atoms have diameters of aboutx3b vxe* yr-5t $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens;br;+4bn*mmfpjr*o s ye6 /tbgiw9b3 has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has le p k ;shx/.fvzl4s72a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports th nm (smj7:+ .ifsrc5uqat a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photographf.z+ e7n i6qpn is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens caxqn.aib0b,(wbi) + ehig2 6zqn be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances can it be ax,qn02i+ bbh(gi eib6a.)w qz djusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes twi1/6qlgzx0 to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm heigxl1 z0 g6qt/iwht of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a)lk;g s: ;dmfa tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be foda m)sf:k ;;lgrmed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposurefdzu-1ritkhrv1o qz*ho c 8/ 798g2dr is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.0 vr9 caw v 7.prdyx4y4 04 rc8anuqo6h*$cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25 ()ryr2 d:sxwa–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the far poir wx)sd(2ra :ynt $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what poxgl9 *pp,ua nuqk5n/yl 1o6j)wer are needed for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far peji*y6kn omqdbnfi . .,m:u- 7oint of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, a distance of , )5ni8qqtzkbae7o 7 j45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected b9 c+haadn (o04*e fvqdz i8hk(gi *a:fy a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only9qyw/i u(- xva if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nea.l vf7 hd3qoc n2xb1m/rsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglav,p vb8d:wzr) xz3f) hsses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length,d5kb3gx 3m .a gi7ipt of the eye–lens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person hay;d :dbpbja,tgt0f q5 b 6s8+is near and far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focal lenk xq)k h02fp;pht1tu-gth ifuqxkt)hk; p10 2th-p s 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying gf3e )oa/xa fo,lass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated a5zmo*tu0em* j t $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a /6- 2yto-ghn*tjrud l9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a 9.k8.nt co e47xq7/ /-.dnx)6jvzgwcqk fu :ztr50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.5 b-1 o7zh fyefa1:nf/u5 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass wkbeu9da )v ockrcn):5/ ydc- 1ith a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated at n)pg24no)te 77jos bq- 7x/jvi6ahcq $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens has geo )iffs66p :a fog6pef f):si6ocal length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is desired to befg5ns*rr;)/) x j srhr 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective with focal length 85v*n zcyx:cqk5co h/.u1 mt-d; $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has it+b ne o9*jtf5vs two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted l5 0 3xtv:slo6bez : zhkfi(v5socw:) for a relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope using- p7qy q((gmrd :h2ix2z4 nuau a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvature is d qhz2:p u(aunq-4(mg2i yxr76.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnifi)mgb xb6,sj b* qsc 9e+7k6mufed 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig/i m 9d0pwa;ye. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective ae 0wyp m;i9d/mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal leu(vp +a e)dgcwm1 (- zsl4/ak2fnu8 isngth of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12vdid b0)j17rme- 5izf.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8wag; hx, ;rjxu)y+)8f *+a owdlhp wc*-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is lyxtfx*r*d:ph(qx ;z 9zr, 9xh ocated 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscopex;7hv:t. f.ai +noma hqd t-n3 has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lensejbqz h 4tx8+u(s, placed in contact, that have focal lengt+ juhqz 84(txbhs of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. A planoconvex w uli imb ;p 9r1 n3./7f+axsdlu/wgr0lens of ix/70g wirr9l ni ; .sw3/1 fudmu+lapbndex of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffractia6q0rho p xq .m/-ywq;on for the 100-in. (2w ;6.r h-pxyaom/ qqq054-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish k*0 r98fa; kta g;mcplqg:7lyto construct a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal length of 50l2odk 1ka/sgf( fl* b-odqi51.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away arem3g3 jzs,mx 1a barely resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can am h:w ,k omh9.izpl*4v human eye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated by ap;lpbcr/ ,r-t bout $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in plane jqxa:5d/l7op s, are spaced 0.75jx/ ap:dol q280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nc71i7(xlw zvem are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when zc1ilw7 vx7e (the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is observed)mk n) -l-alq8jqvl t)4z*p atx(,sam at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-rayl: j ztj:4ah z a4)1,3exwgrfd2i ef4y image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the m:3zaf,)4xh:izylj 1d2eafw tr4 j g e4agnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward mbvg+s 2q; s3mjidday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had tqbgvs 2j;3+ mso change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnification of a mt)io a)r) d2w5pni(0- prwv vcamera lens is proportional to its fop(2)v0rr w-a5v)pitn) domi w cal length.

  For a camera equipped withbt 9ow m 4b02djy- poj4l;fvl5 a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when obje yed*ohos w.3h,2 ri/vcts are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point 7re:v( y c*dyaof 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of az/e(e1 mrtr oc1jsxh.l,4d d * $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope u:n1kkss/s+7c/wj o qg7qpd*ur rh / ,l+q-afosing the lenses from his reading glasses. krq71ju rnq +lg-k+po o ://csq7wf ,*shs/ daThey have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man usesa m 1jkya7srl8kt p;-4 $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high alti 8)szy8r*ly,- oixs:rdp+ pbwtudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at vec o;rx3x;e :9qiq/o gi+*iozyry short distances, exposure times must be increased because of th3*zg oiq;oqixi/ y:r+;xc9eoe increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece szk7* udfb pw0mj4*h 31nj7vn of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with /t2,oo(;es oh-vb4oyqs./gq f 9y cjcan objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 ,ooeqvqs;cots4 /yg jhyo -fb2(./c9nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses,tqmd7vfttva .26b4* xl557zeywewi5 one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28g v)znme2 9c*l $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph licenk 5fvd:i4uu23ko vd c:se plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve podu4ikc d23v5 :: fvukoints separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the other hastbyp //ttt vjiuwd, 9u.2 l(o* $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm