Why is the depth of field greater, and the rx ntwyq39(+uimage sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped downxnqur9 y3+ (tw” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction akkli fqxf1,19 ffects the statement that the depth of field is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a i,k kff9lxq11 larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to f:4l d(uxg/d4 hx1bgdgocus on a closer object?/ x:gdx14d4gd ubl(gh

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by younger peopbrng+ :n) ,mo n,npb)og:+mrple?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective le sfo81n bz0im5nses in her glasses be able to see clearly unm in1b8zfs 5o0derwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a perwx0;17dazl fu6bdqaw1 ho i.d8mlt4x*zb 0a, son is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted ,;ax md b 4qlwdd 11w608xf0o bthiluz*7az .aor nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant detailsg p+:r koqv tbt/9123vuh5u vx, people will sometimes squint. Why does this help?tuxtrq +5ovh29p:g/k3b1vuv

Is the image formed on the retina of the +5qe pcy65bpo human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of t5oc 6y+ep pbq5his for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a csj rfk k.v4:ti cx113 oe-rawu sv0x:.amera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still1skt:jx.0svri .ve1wf3-uxcok r: 4a see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifie b hvdu y21a( +dsx4si+n)pf41s 4dcwur is also a converging l4dva+p w11(us44 b +h uf)xsidncd2ysens. Are reading glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually producwd(gmsj:l1u; o) (kcoe images that are colored at the )wgjuo (k; :mc(o1lds edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent eqiq8,tq )x1m0cudvrb* ually by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity,qu) tb dix cmrv0,1*q8 which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not present (or are 3p:z+dlr 5ih9 fa7bmpgreatly reduced) in the h 5fh73aplri9zb +:pdmuman eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thinpc3ou (epi9, ;l2ajyo lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other 2 ye;gbui 2m0a;s(fao things being equal, if you use bl (;em 20oa;siugafby2ue light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantap2 ek(nse.3oe1flvyfmfq025g q/ v4g ges for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronomical telescopesv2g5l qfy43kon2fe(p1 fm/.e 0qsvg e.

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a v 8-ik tok4l0zcm y/n*microscope? Explck0 t8okv4yzmn* i/l-ain.

  Atoms have diameters r.h; yrdh,1b ny5pg7u3 uqr2uof about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens h/x9cq ukalhu;ep iv n 2q23t+2as f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens hasw:s)vb:/ebxvny s b/8- ccf1t a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reportsz8cdca0 i x78j that a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken atdhcjbr.l9xj)4 5;ujj $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted sox:xa+ i9biwg l t(6mm4 that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances can it be adjusteamwigx6xmb(9 l4ti:+ d?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes tuh 5llwyv bqa04*,+d0 pfjsf7 o photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be u qufl7paw 05yljv +dfhb,* s40sed if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny e0d9+vlpk j/te99nq ) xr)e hlpinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how rea)enq9 ) drlepve09 /h9k+xtl jsonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct expo8u al bngso 1-(sdz7t4sure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is abo pxp: nxy5x/h(ut 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected fop- gd:rnbp3( ede9ca5r x: a3nr the far po(eaeb n9p dngd5:xcp33ra-r: int $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose near point is 1 c;)fer +iavp(15 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far poinq/7 a;aosdok35omj 7 rt of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, aemx 2n-c*m7z o+ z:hl8zcrc) l distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is correwt4dkrw71,x scted by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye ;zv qp64wjm.w can see objects clearly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example e:/hsk y kj+9a25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s kv + ea62mjvibvm18r4 eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of thei .h-ceaimm6:2ef h-mr53vk o 6rw 5oo eye–lens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near anwyu*5)q ftlj4d far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a rel 961x ccx diap41ceoo.axed eye if its focal length is9ec1 ci1o4x6d. pcoax 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal leno 1p5o dw -9*e.wfv.mbt(ggt ygth of a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated axe4igook . f8por)i j)rj2 90xt $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.00v:bxn adq+2o, z vg+*e-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a 9gtx2j)0lf-wv5 *m9 y.ebjnn 4aor :lo.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.550 i,q6z t1l.rmnueh+77c leug 8s;hnwya-f9 o $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a foca+ofnx 90spoqcz gj)9/826ydceu7j dzl length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rab1snc48i) pjm ted at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens hasr6w6tetoge/d8 tjks8wx-/k * a fgk6se t/w6/etx8jod8w*r-tk ocal length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope ild75 c* g)acp2wplj*ls desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical tele ujs:5 mdtc,8:kxg5 zsscope has an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has itsxianx)63 w,iw x +f(fw two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope jim319,f 4dtkwj3mi oadjusted for a relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an vrrxsl)45a73vbg u i7astronomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose radius o5rv 4)rlagui77xb vs 3f curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnhkebv ,crdy,6)w rg62lap1x* ified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Belxc4pag.t s,*b,x8nv. wcy u -iow) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius of curviu xncp.g,s.c*vw8 , tabyx-4ature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal length of 1.40fqe ((t)b;w;7rga u mq $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.mkpi 0h bf;q7mbmf;; 00$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-ah):-et )lun8tgk+q1drc d 3w $cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is lodyg1o v zz q;3ld, 86viu+;/fcuj+ap tcated 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length o(2h ;bxhrghrg))eue hb0 2.phf 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in contace857k8 +7e ujcjd3 f fpdkr/zbt, that have focaf d8f+ 5kucjk 83 7brjz/ped7el lengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particu5ath0o5. kd/ y7mgntr lar situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refraction 1.50 and radia.m t5kgth05ndyr/7 ous of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffraction for the bc af*jf2 ywvm7wz9 ::ngx*9a100-in. (2 af2x:9wn: gz*a7*fjyv mcbw954-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope+qq bwp6:rs5y that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camervbpsvey pt+ 2vyal *89 g(6ow0esm,.va has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resol himnpn* 0lqh7awo/-z ::y i2gved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 v refhu(d-.ey2(,)vx l x8srg$m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated by 3) ttprt(n9cj qg fp)9about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0 n2ryuhxbi+ 4:jr: 6uj.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.br+u4hj2n u :x6jyri :280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are direc3nqg1q xh++kl ted at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-r3 kh1g x+nlq+qays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffrapj1on7+ ou: evction is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray bee0mded*:h mj+ am consists of parallel0m+dj:*dm he e rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passedp jpkd5mk7w u; z)k2c4 toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer nod4 k )pkcw7j u5zp2km;ted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infkfnz0s(gfx-qr- z 5l 4inity), the magnification of a camera4g(0l-rq fzzk nsf5x- lens is proportional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped with a f20xzah( vm7f50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when we g ,xjqui94i 2gs)y(objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near poin s9bo+ w5xi2yt9e l4z lwpr*;wt of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power 3+hr1 tomhqre12ph7 dg6-z m kof a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telemo4 p snf 2fd;*-ccb6bscope using the lenses from his robnb;sm6cd* c4 f-fp2eading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man us2hlg (3o h6xrsc2s4jy5 f7crhes $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudq/hd rj0a o,b,es (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures , f(qc - o6(euyib/hj9kr;zekat very short distances, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused imag ibekeuy(zq hcf, o6/;-kr9( je.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens a. dyu +o75up 8eqpu-xlnd the eyepiece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is n fpjr+-za ap i:dk31 s p;y+ixyo0v/ze-wy)/viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moyzn ey/ay:ixfp/k i0pzw v;pd+ - +) jaso-r31on that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, ozcsc;h3.7wwjpf qg1-ne with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification )s2xpkg34wedt 90gdm w0zbo3 of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy seawdg7ibtb)-u/ i q fd(2 +d+watellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necesd(i+w b2)if b +wa-gtdqd 7e/usary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has o.fdsy))lefi:/ xe ip.ne flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm