Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when aavwem( v/59x j camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number? Ignore diff jv9/(va5wemxraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of fielww /hw+pka8,) p f ww-8d-msghd is greater and thf g8 mws) pwww,8+dh- w-h/apke image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther fr(7 gxnt .)fofwp,0kkdom the film to focus on a closer object) ,oktfdwfgk. ( 0nx7p?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not n mpb+1489xkeer a yb)generally by younger peoplr bxp4m 1e+n8e)ak9 ybe?

  Will a nearsighted person who s5y rwpun *-1uwears corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing sw1yn5*uu pr-those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a persoe(2 y+tgt+ qwzn is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below),++z tgqt w(y2e is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes squo w f-qlct)(0hint. Why does this helt0c( q- lhwfo)p?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discup*ao rh, i7r2rp i0)dsrl 41juss the implications of this for our perception of obj1p 2r0oi pihj,d r s7l*urra4)ects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera sh*8q pq91b 7besa 8hkgvbq8 mk6utter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explainqq6ab8q7k1eb* 9bv88mgks h p.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier isgyan (qc*8ros0 rbhrez 3a033 also a converging lens(qc zrb3e30oay ans3rh8g0 * r. Are reading glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usuallyqmxm (2a;e *p5t:.qx*f jb asy produce images that are colored at the edgesjq5xyp m. :a2ms*t ( ;xeqbaf*. Why?

Spherical aberration in a xiyyja4 cp j4r.ty/63thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object atj r6t3xi.yy4ypcj /4 a infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations pres syudi6x5,6zd:w/ )tvywmthxb..d r. ent in a simple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced) in the human w :udiv wx6.rhtx)ddt sb.56m.y,/yz eye?

Explain why chromatic aberr afcrjn l/zbvv z4pi:e/o1 x+/* /7jc u/ct;gxation occurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things bei 6udy42zpukj g.7axr4 ng equal, if you use blue light g47dz2yux4j6 rp u.a k($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of larg)(0k bx0qanyv,cez;w e reflecting mirrors in astronomical teleq y;(k 0cbw,0zea)vxnscopes.

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a mico5 lnc j:x,c*(tqyo u4roscope? Expla:oyl,*n o( jqc4x cu5tin.

  Atoms have diameters of aboud n4( lip-t*kpndf /*qt $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops ranging j8sq 5kf9 t 53+ucwjn5drb 5izfrom $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera l.4z o( q vbyx0zv+v 9)n)vopvlens has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera sy7ph)m9 6btida* t*:i2ej eu wetting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken at iwlv5 )+obk 3hiwg 69z $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 fu 57s86wwf esmm to 206.0 mm from the fw sw5uff8se67ilm. For what range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree fr3w)fn **rk hi p;cl)lw ;ne1kxom a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of th)3khki nxln w;*1 lfr* wepc;)e film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera use6z-9khb y9uzys a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp imazbuh 6yy-9 9kzges can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposurtck)h r*( 6rvve is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is abo,op, /wir h3e feex s7)ezytq,0b3,lgfx/ bn2ut 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses c 6wj4zadd/wt/z5* djcorrected for the fartzd4/cdj*jz wad5 6/w point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are n8l n,la, jkl4:io+4f pc9ndmveeded for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point v 0,ztc5x ,jgxd px*8lof 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, a q: 56cuwh:fv f :;ckmtdistance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by a:zpr +e8jpoc.*7jd ey $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye9 lzps6 m:r18j hfrmo4 can see objects clearly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2. vqnn1)d, cg )7iiiq-qunsh* )igk2-p0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a wg5a9z1i h8yq if kb:9focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viecq(kjjtb 2n.*wing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near aw .bme6)i5lu8 kynk h1 x m6tto65oj-hnd far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if 3 ; ci if0s*sz:6b7w9m+znf y el/ewetits focal length isc9 estw +zezmf*fbi3 e/:iyl 0n7w ;6s 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying glass yi*5ec9knf opr, 5bc7 of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated a(y ey0,c)*z8b y,k .zataoyaz )twur7t $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.ri wiu7.uh tf/:hg9. v* .;w6fudg cgd00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with 2 3mo:x a .q*tdt)jly1dl t3lja 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5ccihxm:v-,xz x6 k 5y,.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal length of 8. w,k6 les9kq on9uc 50t4cvd9z7yuy9 t5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated a6 m /7nb+ygnm+zx- woot $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescorogv3w brud en5k3r ,ue-)1u,16thpfpe whose objective lens has a focal len5 du6k1 31e eb)t,wrpu hv -u,rgof3rngth of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is desired 4y1g6 xp5n d+1wiwk+c- ka ueuto be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telesc ;kmu t,vq; 7czw24rjvope has an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has it)g ;e3ei8ok mbs two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relax g mi;lowlk87:ed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescopevp)k 6kx n74vo using a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvature is 6 6) vv4k7npkxo.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears v oc4qmh55 yu:to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature ofsz dbzj*+jfyy 5n6 w5) 3.0 m for its objectzsbzd5fnj+yw j) 5y*6ive mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepp+qyp-;nvjhyi6* j u3 iece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.0j-:cn8imlog0 vx c s-4g*-sba$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.82iuot-9j1yvxf t/ w4v-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is loca-dcnrpi; - 5ypted 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has :74 pons82s wh.ik4 bptud/1m cq2froa focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in co njoy30ehjm (dd 9;)aantact, that have focal len mya n();9a30dhoejdjgths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a parti8qeed )3cydi p: s3x9ycular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refraction 1.50 and radiu93ey8exspd icy:d3q) s of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrg 8brpv*kzrk7 o2y:) l9govq: ees) set by diffraction for the 100-in.kl)g27 rvo*y8kz:rvo q9: gpb (254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can ranmg5q)(e. vl5abp m / dcz5(s(rm( duesolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 3 *dp1l 6 vkzglf +u(gx0v2p.vn5-mm camera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barelm6l . g+xe/oeuy resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguisg( mqsxx7pm b5a3- )onh two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separatedvc: tuz .3 q2*x (mkjfvfrqt*i,7jtm6 by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a cr ,sm3opeen :v0 ygqz+ w8cam-(ystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are s(0y-wop8 zesnvme3:qam+, c gpaced 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.097 ld)rq 6 2y8;idh- q7sxfg5sok3 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when2l7hq8s 5 fixgdyk;)sq do6- r the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg difaj;pw *mctv, .fraction is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam conln xc:,( ucu2nsists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the2: lncuuc nx,( magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunli5wo.zzyf6f yq-c:z. dud-si 9:a 1g gight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter spe9g1 :dygw5 - d6suaoiziyzqc. -f.f:zed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity)(s comr*7fi-m , the magnification of a camera lens is proportional to its focal len-m*7 roi( fcsmgth.

  For a camera equipped with a 5/qyzy lsw3. 2w(zw :e tj3tmq;0-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with x2cl(s: yq)i oher right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near p;1 kr z6 epmxtef czw,b1-*mz(oint of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyichf:;nn mj b+ tp3r0e3ng power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telesc7 tg9bny2ov y*ope using the lenses from t*97y 2 noygvbhis reading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man uses aslg ef 9.w-;n$+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremelih omao+:quq )r)ogv; ;k s-h,y high altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, e75fi zj pll9w6lr c0)sxposure times must be increased because of the 6jw z sfrclpi l975)l0increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece o4m ss8pon, qu/ :tmnr1f a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objectiva; 5*,x ulg:m/lm*2q ftin sgge diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubblm *la/i;*u m 5f,qtgn:xg2slge can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses,tg 6my+ 5ef j/(/tcpjb*fm bk( one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a s*urz tk+l : *a0aj1dxmagnification of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photogra4nnhog+k z +xpxby65a,wf u). kcw d21ph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necess oh 4z,f.1g+yk+pwc dk xu)nxwb265 anary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat *z2r6,cic1qpm/g/5bmri np o tk8p1n surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm