Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lens .qqnq gjqb9oe8/ n61z is “stopped down” to a larger gno e / q1bzq8.9qn6jqf-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of field is greate);(p z(t ( weqnc)sc3yjx 1rhur and the image sharper when a camera lens((t (h u;zy)xq3pj)rc1 ns ewc is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on ap jx-z2d2l2ph closer objec2dlzjp2 hp x-2t?

Why are bifocals needed maahq k ok7d-q)pc ,46oninly by older persons and not generally by younger people?o6 q7hodk-4kcq, )a pn

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her glasy wms;94 n9l7yzq t.dfses be able to see clearly underwater whqf mdwn49yys7 t;. 9zlen wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsightqz xn0b+6b6ro ed by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?b+n6q6 obz 0rx

In attempting to disceh n9fz)f,e2j qmiful6e 41h q/rn distant details, people will sometimes squint. Why does this hel1 hm4 ,l6 ef2f/eqfun9hi) jzqp?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye upright or inverted?(gm )0 .4wnhpeo/rlsc Discuss the implications of this for our perc l0om)grc/wn.4psh ( eeption of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is 5mv96tdukpx5oj9f y9y13 p.kq (axin left open and the camera is moved, the image will be 5.t6omyn3 uadiy kj(xkpp9x59 fq 9 1vblurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use couwfjjn a2 79oo9vdt7v9dhj :,nverging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses therefo9j:,fv9djouwdt927v ao 7nh jre magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produceq lcj2f8 b1jr+ images that are colorbfrc8j1 lj+2q ed at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equallyr cwdh xq904-e by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should faceh09rc dx-q4we the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations presenj;sn95dcxge /.7iqwwf c 1ruq),a8tct in a simple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced) in the8c.t )d en917 gsc;,q5wrqfu jawxi/c human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberratio ,tssohn5i 1gq9d-uge* y w6y0c8a+mz n occurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can yh* spr,kl..iv ou improve resolution, other things being equal, if you use blue light .,vs .ipkh*lr($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages f*tm(*e/ d8 bgxl3 mkztor the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronomical telescopes.( z*tltedmb3kx/ g8m*

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution,/lln6 lvdexoq fb-9* in a microscope? Explain. xqf*d e9-lbllvo6,/ n

  Atoms have diameters of aboutsvu ihjt.6dd (6 2gau*5 4k nzye+q-vr $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length w ahw wrxf78 r .pprhgyi- 4865nn:*cplens has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has a 14jbb n 3a/6ip-g-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports tha bw.i;x(omzg3 aowv6 svd9b38t a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken igk1h ;cpov2 / :otw:;4fugc jat $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-lengt6e/vcjkdwvs h5 ;cq; .8gwx*l h lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of6;*lcc/egkqv d5 j;h. wxvw8 s object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28- nu2fg8ny *bh+0ncg8ymtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fyn80n8y+bgfh2gun * cill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrkc-1( iubfg/ oams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such f/-o( 1u kigcba pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposurh+tca) m;7+wk oy vhi(e is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.p6rc6 gndzof5/o2j*w0sl p e)0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted pg/gk .nu5g42ap e wh6xerson in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the far poiuh52 k4ng/agewx .6pgnt $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person6 l.p7g uco( 8waagjqt74 )idy whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 ll (ts5*xzsw p;wke-qeid15*u, ud f1$cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to * rarlpz6tg +0read by holding a book at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is correc :i8,ea;eron jted by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see object zjs 2fhxj8 225 ,oi-rvc5htpes clearly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Examv7b14oz e -z1fuq1i huple 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focqcix3,p9q n3fd9 eat hw+,l .tb0p ci*al length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viewing anc;;( 1/yw0 eselul-nkg5everrnr z6 7 object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points of fmhagx y-u-okt wv gc306,v j2f90n*c 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens4fmgwd; 7ez m2 used with a relaxed eye if its focal length is 124z gwe2 mfdm7; $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal ley5 j8w9oxbq(ongth of a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated at bh dw67u.6eji$2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using ak0kpre9cq hv ejuspf( .pop/,cb : + i6.zv+3s 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is ti nv:4z-zmizs(2m:td s 8p3xviewed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.5hiam asax11/( 5 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass wi*7trual 1 gtat35m gl2th a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated i,clk1+ tv( 1o phu9ihat $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronom4 q*h)g mgsd5vical telescope whose objective lens has a focal len*)gm hvq4sg d5gth of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is dehwon (01t2v 4qpk6yn nsired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an object;g k3/d21o;kn i6yq( hg00if dfwxtuc ive with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses spaced 75.2n(+urpqhf1q(u c ;+u a $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed 0udd ,u)/hdk8z+s*cx*az-y mq0amlceye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying poc2yf/2vpm(,yu 8hh sa6x-xcdwer of an astronomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvhas228v,/mfcx-x( pyuh y cd6ature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnified 120p 9;7gt ia*kbd-d0 p)8vrjilx$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Figfj677v 4sx,cqceoa34b5ze8k0 yd b 2;onye zo. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius of cn 35koovbzj0a24 ec;y do fz74 6s8b7 ,qeexycurvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiec 5btadby 4:3nsmd6w ,ve with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.03f x+ ucwu p(1 s:agf*0vgossd40z)mn$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8k/34lg/; +suo wm qctt7fn0k l-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 asss h asr4 mpq3m7 +oa0,r4kd6miuming that the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length of 2.7b gywux cy6/9x:*qahhh h*l:;0 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, 3- bysupw9co qo tem42;q: tp qy :8le0v-e/iqplaced in contact, that have focal lengee8t:y0os2y9il q:4 qp muvo-;w epqqb c-t/3ths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. A po:7if kk1 drzj ,8odmkw lbpwcp72(72lanoconvex lens (1om8 7f2wbw2ri po,dj p dz7lk:k k7cof index of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degree*35yxxoomft+w0 k1d bs) set by diffraction for the 100-in. (254-dfmo *1tx+3 0xbwy5ko $cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescop xho 1r5qu5bud bsn ))z+8z-gne that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a fid-r..ngz ;s:6rys v ld-0wsrocal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barelynd1oe 0tpyg s7wef j7v5gv+oej+k;42 resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish twoese .hkq jpt8ty1) ka.;z69dz car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are sepaz x:/ kx.f(m-l*omq)ggg b nf8c1jcp-rated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystg9u di(kid3+wg.h p9cal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.283ugd. d wk9 i9pgi(+ch0 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are dirom0y s w .ir6ovqr.ynia1d6 **ected at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-r6wivan10* q y*ird.ors 6m.oyays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffrac9 fv8z nyb smcig)d.:wv 8cd)4tion is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of para4cvwgk nj+; c0llel rays. What wou;wj+vk0c gcn4 ld be the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, m:slit j 0+48z3pd gdxy9h8yg and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had toy d8hd tjg:3y+0ligpx4z9m 8s change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (ass- r.mlsdvx45 cume infinity), the magnification of a camera lens is pro lds x-5mr.vc4portional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped with qoh (5m 4hcf/q:4w:ovmjnv,u)(6v+q fn g zefa 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her rigt 5:7byvbv p-lht eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near pol* dx(m jh11axint of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyinym )mdc -*xou4w*ub*9lz b1,4dczxdk3 ft (zmg power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope)s do8lp- p7ab using the lenses from his reading glasses. They hap -dap8ls 7)bove powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man uses 1es flr6/f z )btw8y:xxsul3,$+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudes (25 1xg qm vf/q4kkb:f /nlu bc+2;4luz ;m$km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure tl )4avpi8yap )imes must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focuse4pva8yli p)) ad image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope are space :v1p nc2f-mwxd 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is ,i3(+2z0isx rxzq als viewing the Moon. Estimate the msx(3z +2rlii0xqz,a s inimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one with* gw q*dh7,2k2xtsyik $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magni7sto48wq0kl atn w0z3ghp1ii3 8iww -fication of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite 7g1fq kgz30 qqto photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to rzfq1 0kg3 7qgqesolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has oby(.-6nw uw m8y1(e)tgrxf8* g c rufxne flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm