Why is the depth of field greater, a fihto;3. 0s if7q3+w(rvqzca nd the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped down”z.3wqs hifqa c (i;rft+07 3ov to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of field is gl5lu yl-sp;+qat5y s5reater and the image sharpe;l5qu - pyss+ ayl55tlr when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film t e)cviwlp-xky-l+d3 zo 5o)u 5f e5a;ro focus on a closer object?z;l-y5 o )rv3f) 5woepa-xe5cidl +ku

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by you e.,lnj kgj9vplmz2y+xx uwr8 / 4ny9;nger peopley 92jll.xnew9z u4,/xy kpgrnj +8m ;v?

  Will a nearsighted person who we5.sv 3e;ilwjkars corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing ths.5ie;l3k j vwose glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsig yft x,we1o j3* h 84)*(bscbiqib*amghted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If tq 1 ** io,fbwgist m8y j(e)bbh*c3ax4he person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will h+ 4/vha/sh fksometimes squint. Why does a/v +f/4 shhhkthis help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye upright or inve1h v;ocj,;djce-*)0ni k9 pk )dbp oyerted? Discuss the implicati ;;de eo)0b1*ck9y ,hid jjop-pk)vcnons of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when1y 9f noc) j(xqwb sca))d :mp)hx8l+t a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when nxx8 cdbw(hlf )y)sj m qtp1)o9+ac:)you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is alsolf*jkmv ( -w7v a converging lens. Are reading glasses the-l(vf7v mwjk*refore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s (hc4kj eys/8 3:vzkfn;bqif 0 use usually produce images that are colored at the i vhykqebfn4(k0f38:; z/jscedges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent ymcy(mn2oc 7(equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the objectm2co 7yy(c(m n? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not pre l qw0g(rw(nec1 +xjm9z2mrlg) );syesent (or are greatly reduced) in the human zwjew(01q+;n r l2gse lmc(r9)xmg y)eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.m9 fjin5zl 7+w

  By what factor can you(lf34 brnqolu1c *k 3r improve resolution, other things being equal, if you use blue lcul 4 *3or3fklr1qnb(ight ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large refvx8ae-d+ . xajlecting mirrors in astronomical telescopes.xxd- a+ve.8j a

Which color of visible l gf9ovw*0c/b epu 9sj9ight would give the best resolution in a microscope? Explj*/ s9gouv0pe9bwf 9cain.

  Atoms have diameters of a7)xi+lyyhj6jhw7 f5 xbout $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops r b(s4fdm5 ,qmzanging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera ls :is0s1eo ei5ens has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera se swkb( 32v*ei 4xgzqz6tting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken atm8eyi 3om)1: uq 0e80yesqni u $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted sh*5b 6ybx(:muuiffr -o that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances can it be adjuste-bm( 65h ubu *f:rxifyd?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wi/)s5ps(0ub xnrkum.t1tmcr r:o ;nw;ug g;s+shes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of ssr:n0t/; r)up;muk.n+b cs g(um; r5 t1x gowthe film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinholo9-p1n-cph b-rwoo v7 f2(ziav*bo1be instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two poi*n oibr9ow-h2cbv1fb-o(op- v 1 z a7pnt objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposurbr-/k9ut 1 mwse is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is a 9s-tk 6+0gzkaysuh, qbout 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person 6)pu -owo(s(y52ia kvs7x vng in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the f(xvn)5s 7(a2- swkvyug iop6oar point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power n -lzgc358iic9cvuf8 are needed for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of avv05ulhszb* ) i 7k*9ekjhn414 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to r xul6o);5*j3o uu yvvpead by holding a book at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corljf9i6 v .;z)oe6yjiwrected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they are between ce t0vm008 9oewx5 xxu25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted e(i jg8/+;kte3cwxzf*, axf ry ye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focal lents9:qqpcqwb8cs9i f:co ;di 4dsr 39. gth of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when vi4, -upenv14.ztju- qhbdx6r-pwmx r4ewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points of m c3l,pldfdef5j 60* x10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed z5n z8(a2)t qmfc5bazlw 5 v4ieye if its focal length is atv5zf 2qzbl5ai(czmw8 n54) 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length o,pgu67qb z67y 3ohzr0 3saifaf a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated -z4;oxg ldi5-.oua *y*zkqlkat $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.00:or z o1ldc0a+-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a 9zyx *+b wn98hi.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5tar, xz -i+ns ;j vi3d;ifr5p urv8i(8.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a fbu60wax,b k1 a qdra9psw fj0m6bc8).ocal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated at plvice.vp( zwk-d hl5:p 49y, $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical y,ula5.fd )mbtelescope whose objective lens has bl5f au).dmy ,a focal length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnificg.efoqva vv kr / 76j8rlk3/4cation of an astronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a+.j/. lwc)wuae5wv tzn objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenhvsyz5v7u(e6 ses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for apz)o+bdwk:p,lo8 .c h.x(g 0tklwwt5 relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of ane5 zm1vgbvi-fo/0m) a(8z qdv astronomical telescope using a reflecting mirrorve-vv5 0qizm db/)f g1o(z8ma whose radius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to oexp1 i9: xy4lbe magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius 6hnao( caf;itlmbbt b *s(9 +(oxn:;z of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius (nh(fxzna; tia: 6l*;bbo csb+9o (mtof curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with jbp k82mm0eh5 a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 111xs+cqqsc8qw *x.g l2.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1a*t ;.y gynvb8.8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that(uhi7v+ pb8p0z8*(tkqv tpmq the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound micros57g9cy7zsrtw5 ykp) ncope has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, that ha1mt nl:tut;52b /u gwyaf5 /have focal latn1 u/2t 5wby/:amultf g5;hengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particqk*sz7c;. iby8 s6oi iular situation. A planoconvex lens of index o .ikcsq86i*zyb s ;i7of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular rr qsogi* 5/mj7*5lpg p8wkjh-esolution limit (degrees) set by diffraction for the 100-in. (254s /grhl j wpig 8mj*-qop*575k-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope /n(fl+1dx sqk that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 3bjarmj- yr9ls 0 c,9o4i1 .vgk p3bym35-mm camera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barelypg; 917isp u cp-;gcmi4a-zi s*n+v mp resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human e2q+,b/k l fzf0x zke+k7wwtt0ye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated by o 8jtc9rb-bqp0mom(1 about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength td+zd cj)9*eun4j a3e 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.3c4neju *9az t+de )dj280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.zb xcco ;)0h8zw pw,b3 a6wml80973 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffracb;l, w3)c pzc8h zawbo60 8wmxtion maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is observed bq5k40 ; r6(dvbnb x lyn(u+dbat $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a con lqif2yxg:e ;)ventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What ig qe:fyl)x;2would be the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intens ,b:*fro+h9 n7y bo,l t+znbrpe, a photorbop, zt,:o 9hbny*br7f+ln+ grapher noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnificatioi),jug a8zka h.-.jqcn of a camera lens is proportional to its focal leng,uci-a8.j)h. kz gqj ath.

  For a camera equipped with g c85tb d riw1ek:17ifa 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects a m3f8dz8 ,rbbare between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of 1u3.d6h jtid t 8i(v6cm5 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyinicol(;27xo st bu8lf1gib/8tg power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope us-,ided2xkk 4/-hslp j ing the lenses from his reading glassee h/j2x-kl-dskd 4i ,ps. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man usctde9fa 5 i80aes $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altit-0t 7vddn-d otudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, expos plxuuxg2 (b,;iq,dc15: hgnn ure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens frn c,qh xn;gixbl g5p1,d(2:u uom the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope arr8yh972sm0wc5 pg :oqmq mj g3+*cs qme spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objectivxf,fkeh,b 9k3e diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelene kfxbfh93,, kgth 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one wooa2w44 fgp .r38)otep b3cyn ith $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.u:gu, 7fsxtjx49wx 1 k0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a fp ztw 6x6m*x+spy satellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary t*fmpx6+twxz 6 o resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lenht i9 nvyh;kgt 4cx)((s (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm