Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lens is v n2qw* 4uskn:gnt w4q:6krv 7“stopped dow2q : t4n*ugv:kvn 746kwnsq rwn” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of fieygav rjky)1;7 ld is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.17v); gr yykja

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to 5bzk/awzs1nrrqzl4(t,aaw 7 x y ( e +d1ss;+ifocus on a closer objecd(+y/zxt e(r 7ab aws5wazsin 1qs,;4+zlk 1 rt?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older personsvz3w ( 0 ;fg7yxc sq4x:lf(gdk and not generally by younger peoplef0 q7(:4gx 3dzxgwl v( k;scyf?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her glasses be l*u *3:z/ud:o 5vcbo lmzx4n yjapl 7*.b5ard able to see clearly underwater when wearll a l.r5mv**o xpod* nzb:3du y4b:zcu7a5j /ing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsig m jn+ 8ogdbrc,35hu4ghted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glassh, 5+bmj8uggn 3co rd4es (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, pun4rdb 1;4pgf:d z7haeople will sometimes squint. Why does this hpa4;dz1fhg un:bd4 7relp?

Is the image formed oz iw *rdap l6z2v5+vm6n the retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for our p6idz*5m v r2zw+avlp6erception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera2lt tr(kr c s0xn1((4l)fy ef*sfth1 d shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move you 1erf21ty(d0)n( *t x s(4shclkrtlffr head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple mag,pc fnug;l3q2 nifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses thereq23l f ng,c;upfore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes ge :pb.a9zrai*ok+uu r 6)fm/r,mr+ xfor children’s use usually produce images that are colored at the edges.marfr/o:ba )z9rgx.6u k,up m*i+e +r Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent e0d)2d. jz wv 3tjmazp-qually by the twotd2zwmp3v -0. dzajj) surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simhqew8 5k4)nbx8hmn5d x 8 9iwgple lens are not present (or are greatly reduce8 hnx5iwd948w8 mxh5nb) kgq ed) in the human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs+ ,/fprp xi2kg qw.k cn8p2*zy for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other + yz,pvhg6j x)+gzmk2things being equal, if you use blue light 2+6p,zjvh)kx g yzgm+ ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of larg9gdut svye 1xjh;w+.-e reflecting mirrors in astronomical u e hy.-+jvt1w; 9gsxdtelescopes.

Which color of visible light would give the bev 4x ny,;tcp/bbzjh;2 st resolution in a microscope? Explapvb; , / ntjzx4hbyc2;in.

  Atoms have diameters of aboutzm,z ynx4+h.axj ,s. t $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops ranging ah0scjtw-/v 1 from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has iaouwa-cp /o /*7 4lnv batf5-a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that to)9njtfgqo3dw8+h 5 a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is txh+ vrq z7t1bj7(u bo(aken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length ll sola 9iy;;fh6c+ +soens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For whasah+;+6oy ;9l sciloft range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a dm z,u3nu0w2 50 rkeogvistance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the ima00mkv 25rzwu 3,og unege is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera upcmoo9lv 7( 7 uxblj8.ses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point obj 9xojc.(7ul8p bomv7 lects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposure issfd)z ;q46lu aj083q+ xt nixh $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 29: d sejnsig8-.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted persopccm gah:eu.r7l78 e 5oo;xi0 n in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the .go;7 rco x7el8uh:e cmip5a0far point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are nex-7,a ag .wa zeqnv4-weded for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 7eo;0ldri ok8 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a bnn) g8-vq.u-(u:xci-a c edvzook at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is3k(upw2/: whk8xpmlx corrected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see ob*; ux.z)llwih a*hr5ijects clearly only if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is th teu cn,cx,ij(/bb,p a au+1y9e nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a fon z(90llsdmtph2de-1 cal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lehrc bf:3 w 3tq/7yz,yvns system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has ne* 3;jlwdmxv xgk+z)m/e+ c l*gar and far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focal len +go 0fs7ex85a7bq milgth +8gqso blx7i 7af m05eis 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifyin m:oso4: 1ulyjtqp/w. g glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated k4 (;;gbhie cfat $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.0s a/vcg z,rw1(2 cv0zz0-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a t42(6b o,xs rbz0pdeo 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.59jwwa3 ;oy iy odn in61y.3j4i5 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass witquqa;(k nzl q nh q31p9ifc;0(h a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rata(a mcs u4t( aau)/s3ex pq)-med at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objective lefjx+tj;*a (lrns has a focal lengtaft; x r*+jj(lh of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of aj9)z90 wxmvws n astronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective wit v9:/q3fxinkjh focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses sj* go 0p qu o80 9v.zjnxin./9wandn0epaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is 32.fyl).3z /w tjx8m6odnq*: q nr8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomic-x5a,gdtv a g5al telescope using a reflecting mirro 5 -vxadgg,t5ar whose radius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnified 74 e37oyqmyxl120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for bm6u;ho hid b2lj;9+ut * rn5cits objective mirror and a radius of curvature u o9nbt+d2;l6* bmhcij ruh5;of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an et5z 0ugy*dkt,7ffe l5q9qc/vf-nrq0 yepiece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 1orjo:3ch2,1o u 7zm cl2.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1xy1umj:m 3r,j oix;7q.8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is loj7*k:* fv v-vaqddmpcb -o 07wcated 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has j)+clfc1h yefx3 u93 za focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of 3rpf rub6a0+ cv5m7tm81 huohtwo very thin lenses, placed in contact, that have focal lengtom136f7 pthh ruu8br 5+v0acmhs of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particulafmahsk z0n,a yd py/e7p3:ypc+*xu7 2r situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refracti7h/znp*2as p 0:7ydm3y u xac,y e+pkfon 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffractionr.f :lh82ktqvj i(g6s for the 100-in. (.jlq :h sig(r82t6 vkf254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve features 7f*h fy8xn)rv5 .0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focaqe f(k5 icebf1kk vp6-z6 ;-ovl length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years li) 9pgzuw;3f away are barely resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car headlightgm48kk;fbje )4xr0 *l z,vb/iol-hpks 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated4*+rhhl/i erl by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal n -- fmtdo o1tt4*bol:ok/x3pwhose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.28*3ol4tbfpok o - mx1n/ od-tt:0 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directyr um t)43 2xi6nmku2ned at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at ann)uim n234ky rx2mt 6u angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffractioh27 jg 79z9-umedjt sqn is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray qn7e jlf.r4 :sy,j2b0 4u4,ank hexdcm :k+ ztbeam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a thertzy4scnmqu0kf aek4:+j, 2x4bj, .n :dhe7l magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a pho4pjr; u drqa,ej7uapa .*3y0ltographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant,0up.j,4 r7jqp aead y3a;*rul she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far a.7tw pcmco,xuv::c3rxjo6- i way (assume infinity), the magnification of a camera lens is prop36wj.x -cco r xpco,7v: :umtiortional to its focal length.

  For a camera equippedt u apdz.k 7-gy8,r*dhw8xz r7 with a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye on4hzjd( cks.m: , *vopmcwx/g8 ly when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point (q d(dynlr1/q of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying powe: qv6rmx/lkpre kr+4*r of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a teles ot .w*dey6ra *hb;c9fcope using the lenses from his ree to *;.9b fy6ah*rwdcading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man usew+ cmk8h5ik6bs $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high alti,:dwbkyh5fym v f9)iem/3 l.h4 o1nay tudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures atbpt+ ef7uya vwz6l 7). very short distances, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for afwev7pb.t 6ya7z )ul + focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiecpt 3 idu q,tg:*hhi8n92z1kkue of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an obxanh4;1o ha f i7:dfo,jective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can d41,h;ofin: 7ao h faxdistinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one v8xay/e8a ,xh with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnificati .a9p)qk l*rn,,iiesnon of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph liu0k l6o/me/ d r atj1*3mks)lhcense plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve points separated ua30jk 1me6 dotm )//rl shkl*by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the othe mn+a* n4fdxd8r has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm