Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a camer6hy + oxgu-x z80kumd1a lens is “stop6-+8 xuumzk0 yhgd1o xped down” to a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects b6y bj ++h,)4wa cfcvwthe statement that the depth of field is greatefb yw,b6)vjch+w4 ca +r and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera len5z( w bphditnq8 i0r2:80qsjbs be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer object( wijbqz0rd hi2np8qs5 8:tb0?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not z 7hq*ch/y,jegenerally by younger peoh*,7 hzy/ qcejple?

  Will a nearsighted person who weakf cr1 ycpx;1f)4*jwjrs corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater whey 1kc)4jc xwf pj*r1f;n wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a pers ffq*)mldwu,t - 2p7cjon is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the fjp- qf7 ut*2,fldc) mwace through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people j tn9*l tws92tr:f w7u*fjx9lwill sometimes squint. Why does9t l7wsruttl2wx 9jjn*:*f 9f this help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Disckqe (u y:1ia;uuss the implications ofiue(auy1; :q k this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet,sk1txetnz358 :/kf kg when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurr:kt8/xf3t5 zkg1neks ed; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a convergi5h7t1d nqxizd8 z4 z9lnu(fp++ o 2jveng lens. A djnzq vnoxt(1+d+pl7z4eu5f2 iz8 h9re reading glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce ima32kz(i4of2zeo 6neg kl s-o74r of2tnges that are colored at the edges. Whooe7o6lizr s3 n2f(44no2 kzkgeft- 2y?

Spherical aberration ikxrrw 8e/ r8a7n a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to a8w/ k78r exrrform a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not present (or arm1d6siyz ;6+,yj )zdo*o f rvfe greatly reduced) in the human ey r1z;)zodi,+ v6o6*djf fm syye?

Explain why chromatic aberra -fh/*z6 4ecsvq+ y zgxcfac(2tion occurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things being equal, if you umk-lgq7 8ppo0l2v1bj0smr *6 rh)rda se blue light prra70ksojqmdp-61 2g* lb) v0r 8lh m($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of s1j2e- -vzrd +d ek1xslarge reflecting mirrors in astronomical te-d1 z 2ex+jvs1desk-r lescopes.

Which color of visible light wx03k.a9qie l8(1lb-(aal s1ot gohf odz4 jd-ould give the best resolution in a microscope? Expla kj lzqxodtad1- (o4ilaf3e-b l.oga( 1 h8s90in.

  Atoms have diameters of niqz6 re7bg; *about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lbbdsk4hi78s , ens has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera .u e(u0/ffbgabo.1m plens has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera 1(+tbhs; e xkphs xu(0setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is takez+:5or ovpf x;n at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mmmf e(eovq m-i0o)ti7 4 from the film. For what range of object distances(ofii -eoq)t mm70ve4 can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance of 58a/0/qioq kkl6 qfc2p+ m. What focal-length lens should /0ki/+fqakcoql6p q2 be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, uvyi(m2 ; :wucdtwnj*a fpl qsy74c;w/o* gr(*sing ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider tpvna:cjqufog4ts *w27i(c/w; mlyy*w(*dr;wo point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposurt*a xf7 n,nw1ue is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.0 s+ cgwofw)o()erhf. ;$cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person inr:plglff+e )u61)fdq Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the far poin: f reqgf)lu1lfp6d)+t $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose )c1 id-5r 6o lx ,a4kzap()qtlwo1yu unear point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far poinqd*pxtt+hs xc 196q)gpyix+* t of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, a distan4f t2z/yr ,hko0j+w spce of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by 7jg3* uvkx6nr a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly onlp/f6+ rtazn 0yy if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsi7d5kn9 2ch jidghted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focal le/mts/qf c6k60 iun 4rgngth of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the2s ortq8db(q * eye–lens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near an6 fd)z c6zo9lbd far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a,( pap*sqbd fh9-1b u0quor)-f.hik x relaxed eye if its focal length is -a 0,9b )fpob* -puh1ifqkhd (uqsxr .12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying glakl bodyyfn,;a,(3 hc ,1aipf)la 5p8yss of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated9 e1nps4wtn/lt m)fga9 8ojv5wo:g26kx e c,n at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is u 9vm3/wfm dpuv 6a27irsing a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewezwjlw07 2wn(g:q( pmj d with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placeef wc/.y q2e3bd 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal lengthdbu k*:a:z ex 4x17oux of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is ratv)n( /md rjr7ved at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens has p.8soo wqz,+klo,jn( a f q,no p (j+ko8wzos.,local length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is desired to be 2s; mu k yl5u4 1u:a*am4,:aor5ouqjmjmfof545$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective with 0-m a, .hv4ttvghbb 6wbzb.:afocal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope ha( xu13(-p2ves wwgpof wt9.n +q g6t(jx .notfs its two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eypbzjz39g*wr t m t-2+p0 b mw;,wqjq+pe is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astp t)n:e0jecstff7o g9 ;tf6)g ronomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose radi)9cfg0:7f; n)p ge6teojfts t us of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be mag3 ) r;,yylee7csia9;( qyehponified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 uq dw(a3y5z7 xi1r(od m for its objective mirror and a zu71q(w3x (id5ao dry radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses anx *a0v1:sczd(gld;pc eyepiece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.a ki3g9 l: 6r+9 yyuny9p5vhbxtu6x+pdgux;50$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-i)-xh1scdhk o0urz 2ivw ro77-fyx: 7 $cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is located4:h hba h.r6z8w;ckuf 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length of.6kiq zy ayv5v,dyl .zr(x )*b 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in *0ctw9eit+ np9 x,vpwcontact, that have focal lxepnicwtw0t9*9v p+ , engths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. A planocon6z +qs*tgumy ;vex lens of index of refraction 1.50 and radiyt6z; gu+q*m sus of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffraction fow- v5u48*fmbiqpmv;k fyy/+z r the 100-in. (254wm u vmqf+- vyf;/bki*58pzy4 -$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construcpbd / 3uwlel:6t a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camertb 2bwl9he h16xt1lbm-6 p ke jlg2:w5,sy6cia has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely rus9mavte.h ae9 lg4 +h. soa;+.bg6mw esolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car headlih ;nom (4/k;+the yfwrghts 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated i 3wk/ a5onllk5yp,/cf rx/r8by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133zjwyjxslz5),t; .+2v vmoe/ w nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are se wvvwj2xotlz jz/;m. ,)y5+spaced 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm:n 7 t,w7czltq are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at wz7 ,tql:nt7can angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction1vsv0ol* nh9 9 8/eigettrj80ha p5gi8iba m0 is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the +.f*t fht7 : sim1xedx39geb kX-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the ma+mxe e*.hffx39ibtg :dk7t1s gnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a phot0exb :nwnt8( sographer noted(t8: x0n ewbsn that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), trygz5y g03 *nhm xhp:(he magnification of a camera lens is proportional to its foc:0g*rhyyzp 3hxm 5(gnal length.

  For a camera equipped with ae mo.r4s v2zio3y3b2x 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly witcqq n /hn7()rlh her right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of6/+x(-.wm nxrol;tpe + m sali 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying powel-y)q +xv5veir of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in t:e: aut/i ty-xhe mountains tries to make a telescope using the lenses from his r/i-tyux :e: ateading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man uses )qz c wwlf*7ovcw/ *8-ek, nkc$+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high alt; wkvkng9w0 :uitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure tr r1;jtej3eb lipi 35+imes must be increased because of the increased dilei5jt;r3ij+ p1e br 3stance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and thei fxt78f ,(suu eyepiece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objectivef ;hxh:eq j09k diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moonk0:feqhjx ; 9h that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lensesx /jhqfbfyx+.qq f dy;7*n 4 j14esh1i, one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lensesy5 qfd)9 odw6h-i tz4p are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license plate numbers. As49unxbu cs96 tsuming it is necessary to resolve points separatecxtb9n46s9uu d by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the cm0 /c plxxxm1vbaw*1d* /io*other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm