Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, whr+h+bf ; qt/m743 +wzutjw.omd z2psben a camera lens is “stopped down” to a largt;qr+wm +sjz2bd7z.34 pf+hotbm w/u er f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affectu+v(qrz, ,hu es. fhv6acb0,xs the statement that the depth of field is greateb s x,,h+qu,rfv6ch( veaz0u .r and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farth h4j nxn jxstexc8fxga , 47y7t/w.)u5er from the film to focus on a closer object?8.5g ef4 u4jyt ),nxt /hjwx asn7cx7x

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by youngerd1zi)6m3egzc 3 v- uyt peopl1zev 3iuydm 6c -g3zt)e?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears correct e8g fx9 +e pyer;p17ybca6f()q6ocpwive lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing those g1y f; pxofee)gq+a8 9y(7 e rbp6pcc6wlasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a cklj ao)0(b m3person is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their gla o)(3albc0 kjmsses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes squint. W-jhc6 bn s24auhy does t26 aj-husncb4his help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the h66j jh1 flxrmff).9n juman eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for our perception o9lffhn. x) fr6j j1j6mf objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is le32bdh ,evm b:hft open and the camera is movem:bh,vd32ehb d, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple ma; rjg,, iul4orgnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses ti 4,;rl,jruog herefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce imjc s9msikas5 ; a)4*1dlw wel0ages that are colored at the edg9mjke ;d ss 45aa1scl*)0lww ies. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equalloapjxytj y7+yu;c; :a(dh5 6uy by the two s6yata(y; ujx p :5hud7oy c+j;urfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not present (or ads/ d / v*l3x/een3wqlu6qxs0 re greatly reduced) in the huu3dqs* q x n v6e/x/3s0/wedllman eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenses but not forc oc0h)9u-jhl b9k;l54 k(s,af yut fr mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other th ys v cb k8x5,23ubd4dpe;l0tnings being equal, if you use dbe,t25sncxb4 3yk ul08p dv;blue light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the usez ,m o)xi8aq/w of large reflecting mirrors in astronomicq8mz,w/o)i xa al telescopes.

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a mi.fxq1fgpk.w* 0 l1mfhcroscope? Expg * p.qf f.k10hflxwm1lain.

  Atoms have diameters of ab 2:v1 zjwyr8xxout $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-lengthmd +tuj1 dfi.w/.rh 0d lens has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has at7mu v+xsszxqp,o,fpc 87x29 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports thfli:aa o;1oeh ,+x e:b ly;x7hat a camera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is /, ;wkn u:hy(wpfar,p taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted exq h z+s:t l110fgi7hso that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what rangef11ze:g+0lh x hs7i tq of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtallv ha-qmqrilbi2+8+wr 57(n r j tree from a distance of 58 m. What focailqmqnwvb 8a(+ r5-r 2hr7j+il-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lw kjh-6+ot(z eens. Show, using ray diagrams, k-6 h+( ewtozjhow reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a corre bp.ns:9k;keg rlv n.3ct exposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.0 + 5o2iitthztqcm/u e 5th2( p-$cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected /m qr5gdxsl)c0/ .pzb)c u (ejrzp;o2for the far poio 5pz).x(rd s)u mcj/; e lq0cpg2/rzbnt $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose near pointb sj+k f8ws0+ p48sdxr is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 fuh:c r. y,vx8vojh)1$cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at ar ertk *lh-t/v9m’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye d bi vi*wuzdi)q2(19 i:fjf6n is corrected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly onlyw5q,il w7hsy , if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is y;mz v nyl(*r7*wud (othe nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a foca6drdesvf8kq i 4w454ks4w 6 btl length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens sb+co zxzp0-s p s6q4qb54d4t ov2 .teyystem when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and l3vzu8 /84t gpdytbk/ cf9q1n far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens usedwzlg y,7;rp1s h )kq2y with a relaxed eye if its focal length isg;7,qklzpr hy 1y2 w)s 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal leg4y9 f:qyy7zrm( pye 5ek 3d*hngth of a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated atrx b7za 6p)5 q*u4/dug3npom t $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.00r:lk9u 7py)b c-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a tr +hvh+)bngot6yzc7f1iy.2 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5kl;2ig1 : jfac.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass withw+0w m+o4 ve2 jrmpk+r a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated 2ru c50y4q x wl-k/gexat $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telesz q70mu 0nimy+cope whose objective lens has a fyq 0u zim7m+0nocal length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomg7oi:+hcq 8q vvml.7w*qcg 8 zical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope hab-h h7j*m/r37zh px b7iaej)17 kl hdrs an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its thz91d n6j0tl(u aq6,ild di/jwo lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusten me,i, cps 2eh5 s31:neu,nnvd for a relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astroh . p*4:5s jyezojap0tnomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvature is p*zoh4 j.jes:ay5t p0 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image app oaxsde *6wio: /73qjsears to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has aoabsdc,al 3o*-1au e5 radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius of curva5, ob -oca3sea u1ald*ture of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal y0ub:yk3kdmfy n6fwca5(q8( length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.0/,b e67h*p1. 2g a2maazwaxf* sl((r ghgafro$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.npx8u0 a2 /rek)lj v/zpg,zh8u rpy658-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that th0lkiuca 2yeoaxj3iew52 - )y4 e final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope twhso 63 m3ry.+ +kcn,ewc j*xl7kxq)has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, pf9df9o4w 9by rau(-l7 t3xfnjlaced in contact, that have focf (4flf jox3r-7tay ud b99nw9al lengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberrso))i. uo)avc ation in a particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvatovi.au c)o)) sure $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffraction for th), n cih8omyc(xe2 u5re 100-in. 2 n8i,5(hmeuxcoy )rc(254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve fd 2l4w ppp9zs97 tjx.j pumh41eatures 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal length of 50.0: o(j yzh2,5qhonmmwh;jp x1e 1.au6x $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away a:sbkn gy;r 6f19 *jdjnre barely resolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye5c 1t87cihnbgi. nfeexo+ ,8 o distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are0pwz sd1;,cbu w*l ;fg7 ab;ch separated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whoprlncbcoqj99i0 :x84 se atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.20b9o8cqn 4 i9pc:jlr x80 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The , 3c19rrlgjbi second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed lgrrcj bi ,193at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is ob t2m;(bft-ndb k 0wu0vserved at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-raung (5uh0akz9 y beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the magni9zu (ha0ugk n5fication is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight .u,*a3wa30dusq kibk got more intense, a photograp0.b 3uawks3 ,i*kuqadher noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far awx)iaw q2 hx5r-h- /n;zd(ywfm ;2xsvaz r0g:way (assume infinity), the magnification of a camera lens is proportional to its aasx /w(z-0iwfh)-5my:qzhrwg ; 2 xv ;d2rnx focal length.

  For a camera equipped with a 50rc.a;ty( 5)f zwvzpo(-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when obg k9)6a;s 6iv5.d:huntq d*pn i8wis z7kp w/fjects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of dsz:p *p;9sbn15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyinx d +r/txj +u8bsmj3a2g power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telescope using the lens;dvzs+7u n+p:vx ga 9g :qie9ses from his reading glasses. They have p:7iz vg;gquxs+p99d ves :a+ nowers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man useni2u6sjmp- 1i*wpm ; ss $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extre+3yl 2 h :xq8jvsbre:zmely high altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure times must be increau4n* ) q9am:nkhb*pc rsed because of the increased distance of the lens ucnq nm 4r*b*pkh9a:)from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telesco.chr wxsy:szkea*1c6c) c.j7 pe are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is9c-+d+peh uuhn ce6 )b viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Eauenhb)p h-6+ +9c udecrth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one,hscq: qt ;tnagdu(21 goc+ 4r with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnif +xvzz .eshqyu*j8 w0( ii5qn.ication of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to phz:fggm6gnq98yqs6tv2k* 2b+-1v g i8gzn qpr otograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve points6 qggm6gg9knn2*vbt-+zqf gp1is 8 :yr8q2zv separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the other haskkp7i0r .n ujgr60.ip;k1 s rj $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm