Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lefiih)o2 zh0pbwwj/6+ 0xpwb 1 ns is “stopped down” to a larger f-number? Ignorbp/6p hf +021 j)bwoiw0xh izwe diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth +sw )s 2 2jrfk vs3wj/)o ,yspluj8kuldfx3+;of field is greater and the w;s+k) 3/sskd2w v,y2f 8flluju sj3r+xopj)image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lesnpb q,bv* yyi36+ea p ;uu,;kns be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer objecs+ 6,eb;* in,qby a;uyvuk3ppt?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by younger pcd /1 kuym(hz52-agc td,6mroeople 6uc(,t zd/m gkyro d1-2hmca5?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears correc(mwkt;w3hv;, 5jot/o:d ca:*k hngdj tive lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearm tk5hwo : ( vjndt3*/g,:k;wj oh;cading those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person i7ufe9yd 4f1uks nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below179dk4fue u fy), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, pe/btd+8j2 bac wople will sometimes squint. Why does this/ djwtbca8+b2 help?

Is the image formed ;mpfj9-r4es von the retina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the imp mjrv e-4;9psflications of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is lv ;vvmmkcv ; .+ va5+r9rod-kceft open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes openc5o r+9dcv rm+a .vv-; ;mvvkk, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use convergif454,ly3lx pg ch)psg ng lenses. A simple magnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses lp3fgy) 5cpg 4l,4h sxtherefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce images that arpdbg) i ihb.xv: h/nb(esr:34ctt.r+e colored at the edges. v.e (id3s :4 pi+b/:.)btbxhrng chtrWhy?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bentrn d hp)gt h*+u(;gze40tuqj4( o2xvs equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infior2x( v 4;+)qn0se gugptju zh4( *dhtnity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a si) n 5j dkz9-0h:truxbwmple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced) in the human ey rxb)k d:wh9-utz5jn 0e?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin .0we.1 r,nw.q:l 9 coni2xgsx nmgx0c)7cy ellenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, otherkf5f.fzhyx.f z,+k 8 d things being equal, if you use blue light .fdzk8 fkf f, .y+5zhx($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the dfc 7/e8j/lzf lpin 1s:4au;cuse of large reflecting mirrors in astronomicalcc4;fsld8 ia pn:ule/z1j/ f7 telescopes.

Which color of visible light would give the beszww7uy w(z7b* u/8 5tts rn9ft/m2siit resolution in a microscope? Explain.um/wt i(u8y72*bfw 59/iw rntzt7szs

  Atoms have diameters o ,-ac kd,gqr6xf about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens iq7-k/bhkk0g has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has a sd axn9e0*s* b14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a ca kuqjt+r m2qqg3(o83o7 xpc1p+l1 )ya gr nrx1mera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken at hafpmn* 8**+avzi u4u $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.;xzc ;7d8zcvp 0 mm from the film. For what range zc8xv; 7c;pzdof object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes k89n4kh5ubj i2z ytv,to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the 5 ythnkz b8,4 2juvk9ifilm?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a leyqxpk*y/o c q6 /a)i7dns. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed /da7yixo 6y *)c/k qqpusing such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correctv*4 yawqd)9 thk )t/ft exposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is abouyj9 8+kr/ 8rjylbuz7qt 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses c.fvkk 35g:, 09hyprzbnd2td iorrected for the far po3.nr2vtkd9z,f0h idy :gbpk5 int $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what powk,u;n r 5m+llper are needed for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14uynf: xni4k-4 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a boovhwz2*qd )sk6 k at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by avelf0o(gpo dlz /,7v +825. hxshcr mt $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly ; *o wb:,udfmb(1f ezmonly if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example 2ic5 pbcj0: zw:d4p.ou 5–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsic(m2( 6exev +hz- wv ;8g:06 rsnhb pxog6ytkdghted person’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lc*8rd(3xxx afey58lonok0p7 ens system when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points of 10.0 and /v:26tdycrjm xld11 d q( 2 p0wwatfum,7mf9x20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eygwsk( o o :cgeg8**dow3qc7g3e if its focal length i**o7gcwcd kgo3gg( 8 :so3 qews 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying -al d8c.w.j vvglass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated t7p)s3j/x b bsat $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a ,* weu1px;f ev/ztc ef*wza/-gh)i, s9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed jvc6 rhcd96x5 with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placyt00uxfxkck4pm o(mx 5n a5 k*27sm( ped 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal len1zzdo5l y2d m+gth of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass ij62 6xn8g*,kkv97 xjxa x nmqks rated at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnificatis,tm,74jpj7y,e8 b rkest tt6on of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens has a focal lengt ,kme78jt sye4j,7tp b6,tsrth of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification ewapz1y b /d2/of an astronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescopeu/2 4jd egh-/v, 5xpadvh/p ge has an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope droc (wl**wcjjjr/,0 has its two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted /lpqi;.vf1ni9bx v,: y il+gd for a relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescopn-9pt qq7y u;me using a reflecting mirror whose radius 97uyt nq mq;-pof curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnifie1bmnkt0)c9,4 y5v s v)akq cvbd 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig.wjhet:j o u e93;2wb862odmz v Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror and a radius of curvature of9 :u t3emze2hw6v 28;bj wjdoo $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepib01 x;m32iwjgjf *kb eece with a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.9az2z75gqad 0c/o tv:n9bz.l wij +ff0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.q:1m7e9rrn ,+ tj)bc5 ua gyky8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final imagedbz 8rb-g j9.1xi(ca i is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length 0u2ewsbye)d/iqc 1( q jphc .5of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is mv,ys, drao t5:ade of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, that have foca sr:y5,oad, tvl lengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. A planoconvex len3k 0.8j r2ygn:xlzrau s of0nrgzl.a:x8 2jyu3rk index of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffrm lofon+qpr -*wf wsfs8cp 6*-, r2pp5action for the 100-in. (r8oo *-nm6p sf+c2p-q* wsrffpwp5 ,l254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescotlery4xf y),6 pe that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a7. +8zpb* a/ji0ffvf g uejrk: 35-mm camera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resolved ifzzqgzn)5; 8-;y u zq4r4vn wby a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can 2jte:fl t*v( pa human eye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separ v-o.6 )lmb9sol7aqriy-b ty9 ated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in plasv*5ir*h go a-nes, are spaced os hr*g i5-a*v0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm 1r(cj*s7qdesv 2*p oware directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are dir2 or (dpvw 1scsejq7**ected at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction :(j:rlwwd zy7is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of f 2ytk15aca4-e r:nnlparallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image aank- :c1e2r5 n4ylft? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passedit0;o/(4azi lx nvc+ k toward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer ia it(40xkcl;v+nz /o noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnification of(*cj1stk0tz8bghl y4 a camera lens is proportional to its focal lengtz40t( 1ghtk* l8yb scjh.

  For a camera equipped withkfyfbjn;)xxp 9-:ftn 8 uvn 01 a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects are betw89p 1/ rh,azeck ugk.eeen 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near pointn6l0ktb:nxh t2 an4i1 of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power ofa6 u-a joohyd xee1,p/4 w/l)p a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a-waa.cgs; n-dy(t (p b telescope using the lenses from his reading glasses. They .np(d;a gc ab-yw-(tshave powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man useomydx;t igyp5z1 984 ws $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudesv5 c 83drc, qo)i)mbxr (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distance 7nmqun5ztw.2:6fo, e s;frdj s, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused imagejto27uwn6f5emrn : .,qsz fd;.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope are spaced6rh5z lj cqw a,q).hr- 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter offjl ui nn5s pr261g)h4xo67ibym 3,n t 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble 5o1n7l, 6nty ii3 r sf gmpbx6)u4hjn2can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses,p6/rry9f9j axq, * bds one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. I6pr8hhwv512 kfl :6 oq5iyaltf the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy s0scb ts8 2+0arjw. nalatellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessata s2a+cj0s0nr w8l .bry to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface ;*+o r jxmeu w:f,pp3j k5yiod/m07taand the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm