You are in a windowlb1i:r i (+sr i5ltw.pb1kx1dfess car in an exceptionally smooth train moving at constant velocity. Is there any physical experiment you can do in the train car to determine whether you are moviird rxbws 1k1ip5.:+tl f(bi 1ng? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

You might have had the experience of being at a red light when, out of the cobsjw)).vfk * vxds4 5mrner of your eye, vsm x. *5jsk))w4bf dvyou see the car beside you creep forward. Instinctively you stomp on the brake pedal, thinking that you are rolling backward. What does this say about absolute and relative motion?

A worker stands on top of a moving railroad car, and throws a heavy bala1o-5gl. 6 ,o6 pd1,rdo u fndmitt,ehl straight up (from his point of vl ,6,po. d- e5um f61tadoh nr1go,dtiiew). Ignoring air resistance, will the ball land on the car or behind it?

Does the Earth really go arou*xbmx ahb-hm ;;f9g m*nd the Sun? Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Eartgmxhb*mh-mfa* ;b9x;h? Discuss in view of the first principle of relativity (that there is no best reference frame). Explain.

If you were on a spaceship traveling at 0.5c away from a star, at what speed po*toofifllus)32l;z:* / i pwouosi2*i f/l zpof:);u plt*lo3ld the starlight pass you?

The time dilation effect is sometimes expressed as “me,ag3p*y p 5y-d 8oai pm-cnz8oving clocks run slowly.” Actually, this effect has nothing to do with motion affecting the functiny-ey5p8 pa8oa i,*d3mc pzg -oning of clocks. What then does it deal with?

Does time dilation mean that time actually passes more slowly in moving re.,gi9f c ysioziv;3(tference frames or that it only seems to 9;zg v,.ysoiit c i3f(pass more slowly?

A young-looking woman astronaut has just arrivedjo :u-na4x7wh 9-wsqq home from a long trip. She rushes up to an old gray-hairedjh: qx7-suwwnq-49 a o man and in the ensuing conversation refers to him as her son. How might this be possible?

If you were traveling away ) zcyhcm ;0vru6fstlu1k01l3from Earth at speed 0.5c, would you notice a change in your heartbeat? Would your mass, height, or waistline change? Whah ulsc0vm;l1y 3r u1)fc60 kztt would observers on Earth using telescopes say about you?

Do time dilation and length contraction occur at ordinary sb (4r1icvjcz(peeds, say $90 \, \text{km/h}$?

Suppose the speed of light were .;sp-piezr / 5t;ffsainfinite. What would happen to the relativistic predictions of-.pa/ fpf est;ri;z s5 length contraction and time dilation?

Discuss how our everyday lives would be different if the spees n6 +vc ze8,ybmz 7mc0-yks*yd of light were onlk6zm7,-essy*y zn v cbc0 8+ymy $25 \, \text{m/s}$.

Explain how the lengbzrcmq,3frao/;m 6 wc1so h 95th contraction and time dilation formulas might be used to indicate that c is the lizf ha 61s;wc/o mbq 9rm53o,crmiting speed in the universe.

The drawing at the start of this Chxlne8b 5 bng65 4vt8enapter shows the street as seen by Mr Tompkins, for whom the speed of g65 betexv5n nl b48n8light is $c=20 \, \text{mi/h}$. What does Mr Tompkins look like to the people standing on the street? Explain.

  An electron is limited to travel at speeda (iso3jujg5h5f *6ips less than c. Does this put an upper limit on the momentum of an elo5( i5 3p6afhi*sjgjuectron? If so, what is this upper limit? If not, explain. ----待选择----yesno 

  Can a particle of nonzero rest mass attain the spe qk0b9gou0s 3ied of light? ----待选择----yesno 

  Does the equation $E=mc^2$ conflict with the conservation of energy principle? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

  If mass is a form of energy, does this mean that a spring has more mass whenuy:k2xeendn) 0ip;k 8 compressed than when rex euk 0k;:i8pn2n)e dylaxed? ----待选择----yesno 

It is not correct to say that "matqcw*w/ wo0f3n ter can neither be created nor destroyed." Wha3n0 /wqfo*w cwt must we say instead?

  Is our intuitive notion that velocities simply add, as oji(y28w y7t vofsqg-.x 8rn1we did in Section 3–8, completely wrong? 7i8xywgy.rf 8sov-qo(jn 12t ----待选择----yesno 

  A spaceship passes you at a em25h1p.qfhm6q( cnx speed of 0.750c. You measure its length to be 28.2 m. How long would it be when nfq6mecqhpx.m(2 h1 5at rest? $L_0$ =    m

  A certain type of elementary particle n.dlqu*)1 qeztravels at a speed of $2.70 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. At this speed, the average lifetime is measured to be $4.76 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$. What is the particle's lifetime at rest?
$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$

  Lengths and time intervals depend 2 re 1a/ jc8 g+hclhodru4p3+jon the factor $\beta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}$ according to the theory of relativity. Evaluate this factor $\beta$ for speeds of:
(a) $v = 20000 \, \text{m/s}$ (typical speed of a satellite); $\beta =$  
(b) $v=0.10c \;\; \beta =$  
(c) $v=0.20c \;\; \beta =$  
(d) $v=0.95c \;\; \beta =$  
(e) $v=0.98c \;\; \beta =$  
(f) $v=0.999c \;\; \beta =$  

  If you were to travel e+9gu;xa)eyrb c kkavc z7)7(to a star 125 light-years from Earth at a speed of $2.50 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$, what would you measure this distance to be? L =    ly

  What is the speed of a pion if its average lifetime is measuru:b *nvl )2uy3ekk)r ned to be $4.10 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$? At rest, its average lifetime is $2.60 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  In an Earth reference frame, a star is 82;-dt o3uzg43p(+cktuointc + light-years away. How fast would you have to travel so that to you the distance would be only 35 light-yok -zt+cgo3tu4d(; ict un+3p ears? v =    c

  Suppose you decide to travel to a star 85 light-years away at a gycm7/ ji79kv speed that tells you the distance is only 25 light-years. How many years would it take you to make the trip?ivg7j97ym/ kc t =    y

  At what speed $v$ will the length of a 1.00-m stick look 10.0% shorter (90.0 cm)? v =    c

  Escape velocity from the Eheqk ywzir s0 y :27ul.0s8wle2rls ;2arth is $11.2 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}$. What would be the percent decrease in length of a 95.2-m-long spacecraft traveling at that speed? L =    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  At what speed $v$ do the relativistic formulas for (a) length and (b) time intervals differ from classical values by 1.00%? (This is a reasonable way to estimate when to do relativistic calculations rather than classical.) v =    c

  Suppose a news report stated that starshixcqcv+j )r60s p Enterprise had just returned from a 5-year voyage whi)xj6+c rsv 0qcle traveling at 0.84c.
(a) If the report meant 5.0 years of Earth time, how much time elapsed on the ship? $\Delta t_0$ =    yr
(b) If the report meant 5.0 years of ship time, how much time passed on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    yr

  A certain star is 10.6 light-years away. Hovdm+wa;qqs. i 7mlc64w long would it take a spacecraft traveling 0.960c to reach that star from Earth, as measured by obse74m+l;a cwqmisqd6.v rvers:
(a) on Earth, $t_{earth}$ =    yr
(b) on the spacecraft? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    yr
(c) What is the distance traveled according to observers on the spacecraft? L =    ly
(d) What will the spacecraft occupants compute their speed to be from the results of (b) and (c)? v =    c

  A friend speeds by you in her "1ma lkt1ba; h4Ferrari" spacecraft at a speed of 0.660c. It is measured in your frame to be 4.80 m lon;b1kh 1maal 4tg and 1.25 m high.
(a) What will be its length and height at rest?
$L_0$ =    m
the rest height is    m
(b) How many seconds would you say elapsed on your friend's watch when 20.0 s passed on yours? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    s
(c) How fast did you appear to be traveling according to your friend?    c
(d) How many seconds would she say elapsed on your watch when she saw 20.0 s pass on hers?   s

  How fast must an average pion be moving to travel 15 m before it deca-h87wc;yuhxd; zw rs t1g. h/eys? The average lifetime-/ zy;d wgh.7uwtxh8 h1r cs;e, at rest, is $2.6 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  What is the momentum of a proton travejwy zjq,4 ir(rw16m2;*i g bolling at $v =0.85c$? p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  At what speed will an objebp .r 3yngy wocw:-*j7bq.g3zct’s relativistic mass be twice its rest mass? v =    c

  A particle of rest ma mdms s7-hn;v6yr s87vss $m_0$ travels at a speed $v =0.20c$. At what speed will its momentum be doubled? v =    c

  (a) A particle travels agrvgs;y):pd (s ze*l0lf 5*wct $v =0.10c$. By what percentage will a calculation of its momentum be wrong if you use the classical formula?    %
(b) Repeat for $v=0.90c$.    %

  What is the percent change in mome+c4 eo vkxxcvxjfs(* 5, (-bjxntum of a proton that accelerates
(a) from 0.45c to 0.90c,    %
(b) from 0.90c to 0.98c?   %

  A certain chemical reacvmzy:qq.8y l-n 3n*w 8 p z7yjtykx9f/tion requires $4.82 \times 10^4 \, \text{J}$ of energy input for it to go. What is the increase in mass of the products over the reactants?$\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-13} \, \text{kg}$

  When a uranium nucleus at rest breaks apart in the process known as fisskeadcqq6 :3zfw/oy+ 0ion in a nuclear reactor, the resultine3 yd: +/oqfz wqkca06g fragments have a total kinetic energy of about 200 MeV. How much mass was lost in the process? $\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-28} \, \text{kg}$

  Calculate the rest energy of an electr7mu 8bh)id(. ch 4(vcyh6 gjz9wwl8xz on in joules and in $\text{MeV}$ ($1 \, \text{MeV} =1.60 \times 10^{-13} \, \text{J}$).E =    $ \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J} = 0.511 \, \text{MeV}$

  Calculate the rest mass of a p7ji* iwwz.h3mr qtu*-roton in $\text{MeV}/c^2$. $m_0$ =    Mev/$c^2$

  The total annual energy consumption in the United Sthp5xorfh sr/s 9 t7cr9131rrkates is about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$. How much mass would have to be converted to energy to fuel this need?    kg

  How much energy can be obtained from con(v dg3djtnvowabp1 x*:(n -n- version of 1.0 gram of mass?    $ \times 10^{13} \, \text{J}$How much mass could this energy raise to a height of 0.25 km above the Earth's surface?   $ \times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  What is the speed of a particle when its kinetic en )8sg: glau;swergy equals its rest energy? swg) ula g:8;sv =    c

  At what speed will an object'sy 8ja9(,zew*/nj bdmux,((u b *vdpne kinetic energy be 25% of its rest energy? v =    c

  (a) How much work is required to accelerate a proton from rest3 piqz f*r ibjnt-s34r.j9 xnl8*9qot up to a speed of 0.997l-34rbn9 sj3pjf i* rtq*.ix qz9to 8nc? W =    GeV
(b) What would be the momentum of this proton?p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Calculate the kinetic energy and momentum of a proton t5h6. efd.sxj zy837ot p9 xbuqraveling $2.60 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$.
KE =    $ \times 10^{-10} \, \text{J}$
p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the momentum of a 750-MeV proton (tl 1 sxn3r8-rqbi9n t4vhat is, its kinetic energy is 750 MeV)?9rvnb4lqi1t nx r -38s    $\times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the speed of a proton accelerated by a potential difference of 105 MV? vd7 yphowk6m;ux /c :,z 6mwxu,pkc / 7yd:oh;z =    c

  What is the speed of 7 opu94262g wu/xbvlmdseb o2p / kz)nan electron whose kinetic energy is 1.00 MeV? v =    c

  What is the speed of an electron just before it hits a television screenh 1w5;vc 3pfns after being accelerated from rest by the 25,pw;v1hn3c s f5000 V of the picture tube? v =    c

Two identical particles of rest m 06oaamnz:e, zgd); h ocmj8n3ass $m_0$ approach each other at equal and opposite speeds $v$. The collision is completely inelastic and results in a single particle at rest. What is the rest mass of the new particle? How much energy was lost in the collision? How much kinetic energy is lost in this collision?

  Calculate the speed of a proton ((bachf8inzmkv() n2 5m2z2* jjj+.zdcs. zre $m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy is exactly half
(a) its total energy, v =    c
(b) its rest energy.v =    c

  What is the speed and the momentum 2.058l ubd 5pgkzibfoeyrd5-of an electron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy equals its rest energy?
v =    c
p =    $ \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Suppose a spacecraft of mass 20m, + m:hlnbccu2k6p*ozpqvvt6/q .s 7,000 kg is accelerated to 0.21c.
(a) How much kinetic energy would it have? KE =    $ \times 10^{19} \, \text{J}$

(b) If you used the classical formula for kinetic energy, by what percentage would you be in error?    %

  Calculate the kinetic energy and momenhlbv*8z021ns6,rxkf9 uhr pgtum of a proton ($m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) traveling $7.35 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. By what percentages would your calculations have been in error if you had used classical formulas?
KE =    $ \text{MeV} \, $ with an error of    %
p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$ with an error of    %

  The americium nucleu dzd8.s3/ 4 c3 *srekal.iflats, $^{241}\text{Am}$, decays to a neptunium nucleus, $^{237}\text{Np}$, by emitting an alpha particle of mass 4.00260 u and kinetic energy 5.5 MeV. Estimate the mass of the neptunium nucleus, ignoring its recoil, given that the americium mass is 241.05682 u. $m_{Np}$ =    u

  An electron ($m_0 =9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) is accelerated from rest to speed $v$ by a conservative force. In this process, its potential energy decreases by $6.60 \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J}$. Determine the electron's speed $v$. v =    c

Make a graph of the kinetic energy versus momentum for (a)4x+zbdgw efgomy6i3ll) 3 v+2 a particle of nonzero rest mass, angfwm 4vyo b+g2l63 i+3)dx lezd (b) a particle with zero rest mass.

  What magnetic field intensity is needelympoeqn9:r/));6rj jx cgm7 d to keep 998-GeV protons revolving in a circle of radius 1.0 km (at, say, the Fermilab synchrotron)? Use the relativistic mass. The proton's rest ro)e:my7; prlm 9x6) nqgj/cjmass is $0.938 \, \text{GeV}/c^2$ ($1 \, \text{GeV} =10^9 \, \text{eV}$). [Hint: in relativity, it is still true that $\frac{mv^2}{r}=qvB$ in a magnetic field.] B =    T

  A person on a rocket traveling at 0.50c (with respf62l;bcev/ kx ect to the Earth) observes a meteor come from behind and pass hevc keb;l6x/f 2r at a speed she measures as 0.50c. How fast is the meteor moving with respect to the Earth? u =    c

  Two spaceships leave Earthn0 59o-4.*hwexjs(g 1ccqn gwj0apb a in opposite directions, each with a speed of 0.50c with resj ewcjn1c9qnhs4b( x .*og 050agapw -pect to Earth.
(a) What is the velocity of spaceship 1 relative to spaceship 2? u =    c
(b) What is the velocity of spaceship 2 relative to spaceship 1?u =    c

  A spaceship leaves Earth traveling at 0.71c. A second 2b/uk x6fnp9fspaceship leaves the first at a speed of 0.87c with respect to the first. Calculate the speed of thknbf62 f9 up/xe second ship with respect to Earth if it is fired
(a) in the same direction the first spaceship is already moving, u =    c
(b) directly backward toward Earth.u =    c

  An observer on Earth sees an alien vessel approach at a speed ot4uvwhv b-+ b0+ba:w5g1b dgl f 0.60c. The Enterprise comes to the rescue (Fih4d1+ tg5b gb wwvvu+ bbal-0:g. Below), overtaking the aliens while moving directly toward Earth at a speed of 0.90c relative to Earth. What is the relative speed of one vessel as seen by the other? u =    c

  A spaceship in distress sendsve kr h.fe05f6 out two escape pods in opposite directions. One travels 5fkre0hef .v6at a speed $v_1 =-0.60c$ in one direction, and the other travels at a speed $v_2 =+0.70c$ in the other direction, as observed from the spaceship. What speed does the first escape pod measure for the second escape pod? u =    c

  Rocket A passes Earth at a speed+d-qei1 z ;l xsawza** of 0.75c. At the same time, rocket B passes Earthie+laq x*z1; sdwz-*a moving 0.95c relative to Earth in the same direction. How fast is B moving relative to A when it passes A? u' =    c

  The nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri, 4.3zbo+ i1t*rxbb*n -u.p light-years away.
(a) At what constant velocity must a spacecraft travel from Earth if it is to reach the star in 4.0 years, as measured by travelers on the spacecraft?    c
(b) How long does the trip take according to Earth observers?$t_{Earth}$ =    yr

  As a rule of thumb, anything traveling faster than about 0.1c is called relativ(d2ppq/ ey hc2go2dn 2g6e:x sistic - i.e., for which the correction using special relativity is a significant effect. Determine the speed of an el2yg6enxpc 2o2dhg: s( /qd2epectron in a hydrogen atom ($v \approx 2.2 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s}$) and state if it is relativistic. (Treat the electron as though it were in a circular orbit around the proton.) ----待选择----relativistic not relativistic 

  (a) What is the spee/a )vhk cg co-*qye4)od $v$ of an electron whose kinetic energy is 14,000 times its rest energy? You can state the difference $c - v$. Such speeds are reached in the Stanford Linear Accelerator, SLAC.    m/s less than c
(b) If the electrons travel in the lab through a tube 3.0 km long (as at SLAC), how long is this tube in the electrons' reference frame? [Hint: use the binomial expansion.]L =    cm

  How many grams of mattei f/gh:wz*p. xr would have to be totally destroyed to run a 100-W lightbulb f/xf zpiw*g. h:or 1 year? $m_0$ =    $ \times 10^{-8} \, \text{kg}$

  What minimum amount of electromagnetic;ekzf00p y*zv :2 pwnp energy is needed to produce an electron and a positron together? A positron is a particle with the same rest mass as an electron, but has the opposite charge. (Note that nvzp e;pp:y*zw 200kf electric charge is conserved in this process.) E =    MeV

  An electron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) enters a uniform magnetic field $B=1.8 \, \text{T}$, and moves perpendicular to the field lines with a speed $v=2.5 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. What is the radius of curvature of its path? r =    mm

  A negative muon traveling at 33% the spe48f ,curop e0ged of light collides head on with a positive muon traveling at 50% the speed of light. The two muons (each of rest mas,f48cu po 0egrs $m_\mu = 105.7 \, \text{MeV}/c^2$) annihilate, and produce how much electromagnetic energy?E =    MeV

  A free neutron can decay into a proton, an electro6ss9uo+ u 1pyan, and a neutrino. Assume the neutrino's rest mass is zero, and the other masses can be found in the Table inside the front cove+u6su 91yo apsr. Determine the total kinetic energy shared among the three particles when a neutron decays at rest. KE =    MeV

  The Sun radiates energyt5)jyq f- u4x5 2zvc (wpziv0d at a rate of about $4 \times 10^{26} \, \text{W}$.
(a) At what rate is the Sun's mass decreasing?$\frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t}$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{kg/s}$
(b) How long does it take for the Sun to lose a mass equal to that of Earth?$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{15} \, \text{s}$
(c) Estimate how long the Sun could last if it radiated constantly at this rate.$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{yr}$

  An unknown particle is measured to have a negati2ooewv396 wszo 11fuhh+iyo 6 ve charge and a speed of $2.24 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. Its momentum is determined to be $1.07 \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$. Identify the particle by finding its rest mass.
 ----待选择----electronpositron 

  How much energy would be required to breobho*; kvg/w / twrev.4 y26ieak a helium nucleus into its constituents, two protons and two neutrons? The rest masses of a proton (including an electron), a neutron, and heiwo2.6kebv e4 v g* /tyh;/rowlium are, respectively, 1.00783 u, 1.00867 u, and 4.00260 u. (This energy difference is called the total binding energy of the $^4\text{He}$ nucleus.) KE =    MeV

  What is the percentage increase in the (relativistic) mass o( d1o00)zt-k j qkxn,; ouxclyf a car traveling 110 km/h as compared lx1o-zto0ux kd q nc)k;,(yj0to at rest? [Hint: use the binomial expansion.]$\frac{\left(m-m_0\right)}{m_0}$ =    $\times 10^{-11}\%$

  Two protons, each having a spee)spyb + n26 *2ghd n6qfmwwa9pd of 0.935c in the laboratory, are moving toward each other. Dew)p6 6+*9d2m aybq2sgnwhpf ntermine
(a) the momentum of each proton in the laboratory, u =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$
(b) the total momentum of the two protons in the laboratory,   
(c) the momentum of one proton as seen by the other proton.p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

Show analytically that a+m2:v+k bnqoekx7 of0 s 9wef* particle with momentum $p$ and energy $E$ has a speed given by $v = \frac{pc^2}{E}$.

  The fictional starship Enterprise obtains its power by combinire9dshc +k n(;rgbg 97ng matter and antimatter, achieving complc+ h(g9kg sredbr;7n9ete conversion of mass into energy. If the mass of the Enterprise is approximately $5 \times 10^9 \, \text{kg}$, how much mass must be converted into kinetic energy to accelerate it from rest to one-tenth the speed of light?    $\times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  An electron is accelerated so that its kinetic energy is greater than its rest ll: h5(s 2n bf6tmzk2xmass x6n5zt skh l l:(2bmf2$m_0c^2$ by a factor of
(a) 5.00, v =    c
(b) 999. What is the speed of the electron in each case?v =(1 -    $ \times 10^{-7}c$)

  A farm boy studying physics b(gr u9pkmy5,xdr2-zw elieves that he can fit a 15.0-m-long pole into a 12.0-m-long barn if he runs fast enough (carrying the pole). Can he do it? Explain in detail. Howdmu x 9-zyrw2gp5k,r( does this fit with the idea that when he is running the barn looks even shorter to him than 12.0 m? ----待选择----possiblenot possible 

  When two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen react to form two moles of : v,147x xq+j z scapk:4zkmotwater, the energy k1ja ,v:t+7ocsx4px:kzz4mq released is 484 kJ. How much does the mass of the elements decrease in this reaction?
$\Delta m$ =    $\times 10^{-12} \, \text{kg}$
What % of the total original mass of the system does this mass change represent?    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  In a nuclear reaction two identical partic dk:2v/ m:hqrples are created, traveling in opposite directions. If the spehqp d:kv2rm:/ed of each particle is 0.75c, relative to the laboratory frame of reference, what is one particle's speed relative to the other particle? u =    c

  An astronaut on a spaceship traveling at 0.75c relative to Earth measu/u (3zbs t uy jl:o5yhv1-t5fgres his ship to be 25 m long. On the ship, he eats his lunch in 23 mhjv 1:(by toy/ f3g-utuslz 55in.
(a) What length is the spaceship according to observers on Earth? L =    m
(b) How long does the astronaut's lunch take to eat according to observers on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    min

You are traveling in a spaceship at a speed of 0.85c 5en;pm *bc * h*bioiy1zd4a g4away from Earth. You send a laser beam toward the Earth traveling at velocity c rei**p dc451no4z mgbh*iay;belative to you. What do observers on the Earth measure for the speed of the laser beam?

  A spaceship and its occupants have a kohaxe+fbs0 ;5r 2x l+total mass of 150,000 kg. The occupants would like to travel to a star that is 25 light-years away at a speed of 0.60c. To accelerate, the engine of the spaceship changes mass directly to energy. How much mass will be converted ko 5frx2s+hax eb0+l;to energy to accelerate the spaceship to this speed?    kg
Assume the acceleration is rapid, so the speed for the entire trip can be taken to be 0.60c, and ignore decrease in total mass for the calculation. How long will the trip take according to the astronauts on board?$\Delta t_0$ =   y

  Suppose a 12,500-kg spaceship leftlb7a fef 5feh *j6m6d7 Earth at a speed of 0.99c. What is the spaceship's keld6efamj6f f 5*7h 7binetic energy? Compare with the total U.S. annual energy consumption (about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$). KE =    $ \times 10^{20} \, \text{J}$

  A 42,000-kg spaceship is to tr(g:twqk ps 7/cavel to the vicinity of a star 6.0 light-years from Earth. Passengers on the ship want the (one-way) trip to take no more than 1.0 year. How much work must be done on the spaceg7(kc qwt/ ps:ship to bring it to the speed necessary for this trip? u =    c

  A 1.68-kg mass oscillates on the end of a spring whose sprinzeg69 hr8)nxsrn e/b8 g stiffness constant isn6g)b 8x9 esrhn8 zer/ $k=48.7 \, \text{N/m}$. If this system is in a spaceship moving past Earth at 0.900c, what is its period of oscillation according to
(a) observers on the ship, T =    s
(b) observers on Earth? $T_{earth}$ =    s

A pi meson of rest mass *e)m i *;xychtsw 7b*x$m_\pi$ decays at rest into a muon (rest mass $m_\mu$) and a neutrino of negligible or zero rest mass. Show that the kinetic energy of the muon is $KE_\mu = \frac{(m_\pi - m_\mu)^2 c^2}{2m_\pi}$.