You are in a windowless car in an exceptionally smooth trai9k4pev90m hx dn moving at constant velocity. Is there any physical expe09kd hemp 9v4xriment you can do in the train car to determine whether you are moving? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

You might have had the experience of being at a red light when/cd14cl w(fs m, out of the corner of your eye, you see the car beside you creep forward. Instinctively you stomp on the brake pedal, thinking that you are rolling backward. What does this say about absolute ancwd1 s/lfcm4( d relative motion?

A worker stands on top of a moving railroad car, and throws a heavy ball strai71v hexfo:kwc5w3p p0ght up (from his point of view). Ignorinexw5 pp 1w0vck7o:fh3 g air resistance, will the ball land on the car or behind it?

Does the Earth really go around the Sun? Or is it also valid to5n 68 yk(g vgbmb:ex6f say that the Sun goes around the Earth? Discuss in view of the first principle of re:m gy(bfx 5vbg6 k6n8elativity (that there is no best reference frame). Explain.

If you were on a spaceship traveling at 0.5c away from as n(bltyx(u51a wyz 54 star, at what speed would the starlighzu wt(ya5 5bn4y xl1s(t pass you?

The time dilation effe7e k7a5eviadkt /c). lct is sometimes expressed as “moving clocks run slowly.” Acte7 t ak.c)7vki/5edal ually, this effect has nothing to do with motion affecting the functioning of clocks. What then does it deal with?

Does time dilation mean that time actually passes more slowly in moving ref;ugc:0 mkioe u156khmerence frames or that it only seems to ;ekk u 5ui0gc:mo16hm pass more slowly?

A young-looking woman astronaue: chs vz3sb.6t has just arrived home from a long trip. She rushes up to an ols.3h6s:cv eb zd gray-haired man and in the ensuing conversation refers to him as her son. How might this be possible?

If you were traveling away from Earmlgu;n(s1q8 /me 1ry hth at speed 0.5c, would you notice a change in your heartbeat? Would your mass, height, ogq1 ym/(rs1lhume8n; r waistline change? What would observers on Earth using telescopes say about you?

Do time dilation and length contraction occur at ordinfv jt)dm4j.byj17ais xo *x/(ary speeds, say $90 \, \text{km/h}$?

Suppose the speed of light were infinite. Wha d;v;t ezqwf6o2iq ,vj)m to6(d7 ok2ht would happen to the relativistic predictiokt2o, vztqm (6 6q7oojdfhd ve2);iw ;ns of length contraction and time dilation?

Discuss how our everyday lives would be dxvl +tuh; gb19ifferent if the speed of light were onlyv1;bu t ghx+9l $25 \, \text{m/s}$.

Explain how the length con:hp-3ndbirp)cg. jj . traction and time dilation formulas might be used to indicate that c is the limiting speed in the uninpbj: c3.hdgr-pj. ) iverse.

The drawing at the start of this Chapter shows the stre: h +x ge- jnr4ktp0/0djqt+boet as seen by Mr Tompkins, for whjexgqtr 4+o -:b00j dk+hn pt/om the speed of light is $c=20 \, \text{mi/h}$. What does Mr Tompkins look like to the people standing on the street? Explain.

  An electron is limital xp+nd3jt7rs9c9k (ed to travel at speeds less than c. Does this put an upper limit on the momentum of an electron? If 9 klst39apc+nrx7( djso, what is this upper limit? If not, explain. ----待选择----yesno 

  Can a particle of nonzero rest mass attain the speed of l4.9hz) pljyjp:o; tf dight? ----待选择----yesno 

  Does the equation $E=mc^2$ conflict with the conservation of energy principle? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

  If mass is a form of energy, does this mean that a spring hap2l ( ofbua7k8 6xtp+0 wi6fqos more mass when compressed than when relaxpkx6fq8+ af 7i0obupo 2tlw( 6ed? ----待选择----yesno 

It is not correct to say that "matter can a2fpd*v)td *dneither be created nor destroyed." Whafavtd)2 d*pd *t must we say instead?

  Is our intuitive notion that velocities simply add, as we did in Sf)i.dm:6.vjgs v7qqmb b,g -ec 9pt.pection 3–8, compleq.,qpc v).egb6tj 7.pd-v m9m:bfi gstely wrong? ----待选择----yesno 

  A spaceship passes you at a/0zdz f6b gk3f speed of 0.750c. You measure its length to be 28.2 m. How longfgk3 z6fd0z b/ would it be when at rest? $L_0$ =    m

  A certain type of elementary particle travels at a sp rkq89z*x)yd jeed of $2.70 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. At this speed, the average lifetime is measured to be $4.76 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$. What is the particle's lifetime at rest?
$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$

  Lengths and time intervals depend on t ur gycny3 u ulo*k2jw46(i(8ahe factor $\beta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}$ according to the theory of relativity. Evaluate this factor $\beta$ for speeds of:
(a) $v = 20000 \, \text{m/s}$ (typical speed of a satellite); $\beta =$  
(b) $v=0.10c \;\; \beta =$  
(c) $v=0.20c \;\; \beta =$  
(d) $v=0.95c \;\; \beta =$  
(e) $v=0.98c \;\; \beta =$  
(f) $v=0.999c \;\; \beta =$  

  If you were to travel to a star 125 lbin+wdnq1f5+b dv9n3 ight-years from Earth at a speed of $2.50 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$, what would you measure this distance to be? L =    ly

  What is the speed of a pion if its average lifetivf2tma9d0wf piiy/,6 me is measured to be $4.10 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$? At rest, its average lifetime is $2.60 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  In an Earth reference frame, a star is 82 light-years away. How fzy6gdb+-*d ak ast would you have to travel g ady6zkb+d*-so that to you the distance would be only 35 light-years? v =    c

  Suppose you decide to travel to a star 85 light-years away at a speed that tells,suzu),uulj2 u o0z 2z you the distance is only 25 light-years. How many years would it take you to make the trip? 2,lou,20uz z js)uuzut =    y

  At what speed $v$ will the length of a 1.00-m stick look 10.0% shorter (90.0 cm)? v =    c

  Escape velocity from the Ear+/yn 6s4 brsdwth is $11.2 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}$. What would be the percent decrease in length of a 95.2-m-long spacecraft traveling at that speed? L =    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  At what speed $v$ do the relativistic formulas for (a) length and (b) time intervals differ from classical values by 1.00%? (This is a reasonable way to estimate when to do relativistic calculations rather than classical.) v =    c

  Suppose a news report stated that staraa er ;tz6((kvship Enterprise had just returned from a 5-year voyage while traveling at 0.84cez6 ;t(aavr(k .
(a) If the report meant 5.0 years of Earth time, how much time elapsed on the ship? $\Delta t_0$ =    yr
(b) If the report meant 5.0 years of ship time, how much time passed on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    yr

  A certain star is 10.6 light-years away. How long would it take aj1 ltnc u7gw*mx8o m.mk-+r7b spacecraft traveling 0.960c to reach that star from Earth, as measured by tu*x17 8bcmknrw-mom7 . j+gl observers:
(a) on Earth, $t_{earth}$ =    yr
(b) on the spacecraft? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    yr
(c) What is the distance traveled according to observers on the spacecraft? L =    ly
(d) What will the spacecraft occupants compute their speed to be from the results of (b) and (c)? v =    c

  A friend speeds by you in her "Ferrari" spacecraft at a speed of 0.660c. Itj- w)oq/ 0y6d(iy buzo is measured in youz)bq o-uodjyiw6y /0( r frame to be 4.80 m long and 1.25 m high.
(a) What will be its length and height at rest?
$L_0$ =    m
the rest height is    m
(b) How many seconds would you say elapsed on your friend's watch when 20.0 s passed on yours? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    s
(c) How fast did you appear to be traveling according to your friend?    c
(d) How many seconds would she say elapsed on your watch when she saw 20.0 s pass on hers?   s

  How fast must an average pion be moving to trav gp6pt6.5 o+hdg67j se sz)svfel 15 m before it decays? The average lifet 6. sf h5d6js+zgpvtpes76o)gime, at rest, is $2.6 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  What is the momentum of a proton travelingcl ezw av..g5. at $v =0.85c$? p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  At what speed will an objymii-uo 3 tbygwd covhs13r1/x 720 k4ect’s relativistic mass be twice its rest mass? v =    c

  A particle of rest maz8g ;0+gaqzrt8 ht +opss $m_0$ travels at a speed $v =0.20c$. At what speed will its momentum be doubled? v =    c

  (a) A particle travels aijzd- (ir9x 8ek:rbb8 cy ua9.t $v =0.10c$. By what percentage will a calculation of its momentum be wrong if you use the classical formula?    %
(b) Repeat for $v=0.90c$.    %

  What is the percent change in mm-n rk)o y4voz 9+uf 0lyu-j/aomentum of a proton that accelerates
(a) from 0.45c to 0.90c,    %
(b) from 0.90c to 0.98c?   %

  A certain chemical ref9 m/7i (fw5lahfv s.h2kqu5e action requires $4.82 \times 10^4 \, \text{J}$ of energy input for it to go. What is the increase in mass of the products over the reactants?$\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-13} \, \text{kg}$

  When a uranium nucleus at 1pu2qc ilmzk4ysob9p 02/x3h rest breaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor, the resulting fragments have a tot4ki2h s0pcz1 3qyo bl 92xum/pal kinetic energy of about 200 MeV. How much mass was lost in the process? $\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-28} \, \text{kg}$

  Calculate the rest energy of an eldxyah+k k9k 93ectron in joules and in $\text{MeV}$ ($1 \, \text{MeV} =1.60 \times 10^{-13} \, \text{J}$).E =    $ \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J} = 0.511 \, \text{MeV}$

  Calculate the rest mass of 8h rd.t2nms jzxm;0;sygk1 m2a proton in $\text{MeV}/c^2$. $m_0$ =    Mev/$c^2$

  The total annual energy consumption in the United States is ulrxbcn 5r0djlw np)+)y;75o about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$. How much mass would have to be converted to energy to fuel this need?    kg

  How much energy can be obtained from conversion of 1.0 gr2a6 wmeuh .yb 4r3;gmlam of mass?    $ \times 10^{13} \, \text{J}$How much mass could this energy raise to a height of 0.25 km above the Earth's surface?   $ \times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  What is the speed of a particle when its kinetic energy equmoz*0(y t- efp4a-fixals its rest energy? oaex fzt4f--m (p*iy0v =    c

  At what speed will an object's kinetic energy be 25% of its res/zzz gl ;;pw7ht energy? v =    c

  (a) How much work is required to accelerate a proton from rest uj9r(cjvg1.b dp to a speed of 0.997c? j(r.bjd9g1 v cW =    GeV
(b) What would be the momentum of this proton?p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Calculate the kinetic energy and momentum of a proton travx 8 qjn/px6*:ypjo0 h;d:h dyr-7m quweling $2.60 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$.
KE =    $ \times 10^{-10} \, \text{J}$
p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the momentum ijypm 2d/.0-97xh) b ec*u 5rfi irzkd0c-cgaof a 750-MeV proton (that is, its kinetic energy is 750 MeV)rd.iik 2z7bc0p9ce0r c )mxjh5 -* -iy adguf/?    $\times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the speed of pptzsd ,h ).upawaq3h,dtam*n (;(4wa proton accelerated by a potential difference of 105 MV? v a.(a,npmh(qd t*puzw43 ph ) ;wt sad,=    c

  What is the speed of an electron whose kin0g1(f9sadgiy:7d 54 l qr daw,uud6vbetic energy is 1.00 MeV? v =    c

  What is the speed of an electron jushxcv7 ,3d rlhus d,1*/tx4mpj y/-cz xt before it hits a television screen after being accelerated from repxxyh,dc 7/jd13txrs h z/ c4muv-l* ,st by the 25,000 V of the picture tube? v =    c

Two identical particles of0b4 ooy h *coyo4nw.5h rest mass $m_0$ approach each other at equal and opposite speeds $v$. The collision is completely inelastic and results in a single particle at rest. What is the rest mass of the new particle? How much energy was lost in the collision? How much kinetic energy is lost in this collision?

  Calculate the speed of a pro.edb m a)xw5q) gp*4tlton ($m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy is exactly half
(a) its total energy, v =    c
(b) its rest energy.v =    c

  What is the speed and the momentum of an c/2+ l3bvpwue electron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy equals its rest energy?
v =    c
p =    $ \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Suppose a spacecraft of mass 27,000 kg is accelerated tzw 1x:dc 6ptp g 0dm8s8tpha;lat t*),o 0.21c.
(a) How much kinetic energy would it have? KE =    $ \times 10^{19} \, \text{J}$

(b) If you used the classical formula for kinetic energy, by what percentage would you be in error?    %

  Calculate the kinetic ener *a:va8ls vl es/a )5w++vweosgy and momentum of a proton ($m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) traveling $7.35 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. By what percentages would your calculations have been in error if you had used classical formulas?
KE =    $ \text{MeV} \, $ with an error of    %
p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$ with an error of    %

  The americium nucleug/z;q i9ygf(uu 6px+2 iv xx2rs, $^{241}\text{Am}$, decays to a neptunium nucleus, $^{237}\text{Np}$, by emitting an alpha particle of mass 4.00260 u and kinetic energy 5.5 MeV. Estimate the mass of the neptunium nucleus, ignoring its recoil, given that the americium mass is 241.05682 u. $m_{Np}$ =    u

  An electron ($m_0 =9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) is accelerated from rest to speed $v$ by a conservative force. In this process, its potential energy decreases by $6.60 \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J}$. Determine the electron's speed $v$. v =    c

Make a graph of the kinetic energy versus momentum for (a) a particle ofyr.)pc+jdhbs mg txduy*q pl. )9e6( pr*l65l nonzero rest mass, and (b) a particle with zero restdp6elpr sl**(q9+ u)yt c p.jd5rbx )yh6ml.g mass.

  What magnetic field intensity is needed to keep 998-GeVrrn 54rg qvec1nj zrep3a2,+ 6 protons revolving in a circle of radius 1.0 km (at, say, the Fermilab synchrotron)? Use the relav+j1erprq 4nr e36,rgz a2nc5 tivistic mass. The proton's rest mass is $0.938 \, \text{GeV}/c^2$ ($1 \, \text{GeV} =10^9 \, \text{eV}$). [Hint: in relativity, it is still true that $\frac{mv^2}{r}=qvB$ in a magnetic field.] B =    T

  A person on a rocket traveling at 0.50c (with respect txwcexox04/ g -o the Earth) observes a meteor come from behind and pass her at a speed she measures as 0.50c. How fast is the meteor moving with res0/wx- gxcxeo4 pect to the Earth? u =    c

  Two spaceships leave Earth in opposite directions, each with a speed of 0.50c wb-pg raer*20w irrp-0 gbaw2 *eth respect to Earth.
(a) What is the velocity of spaceship 1 relative to spaceship 2? u =    c
(b) What is the velocity of spaceship 2 relative to spaceship 1?u =    c

  A spaceship leaves Earth traveling at 0.71c. A second spaceshil o2j8z /kuo1r i t+je2v1:mcbp leaves the first at a speed of 0oj/t 2mbz+: 1i1le28jrco k vu.87c with respect to the first. Calculate the speed of the second ship with respect to Earth if it is fired
(a) in the same direction the first spaceship is already moving, u =    c
(b) directly backward toward Earth.u =    c

  An observer on Earth sees an alien veomzbmfi 1bt82 1 v2nmow.(w p2ssel approach at a speed of 0.60c. The Enterprise comes to the rescu( b 2m2vowzf tmn11w.2o 8mibpe (Fig. Below), overtaking the aliens while moving directly toward Earth at a speed of 0.90c relative to Earth. What is the relative speed of one vessel as seen by the other? u =    c

  A spaceship in distrel- ra if1gbj97ss sends out two escape pods in opposite directions. One travels at a spee 1bf7a ig9jrl-d $v_1 =-0.60c$ in one direction, and the other travels at a speed $v_2 =+0.70c$ in the other direction, as observed from the spaceship. What speed does the first escape pod measure for the second escape pod? u =    c

  Rocket A passes Earth at a speed of 0.75c. 63y+pok8 pesrAt the same time, rocket B passes Earth moving 0.95c relative to Earth in the same direction. How fas6k p+sp r83eyot is B moving relative to A when it passes A? u' =    c

  The nearest star to Earth ip0:qrniry7u10 i.c r is Proxima Centauri, 4.3 light-years away.
(a) At what constant velocity must a spacecraft travel from Earth if it is to reach the star in 4.0 years, as measured by travelers on the spacecraft?    c
(b) How long does the trip take according to Earth observers?$t_{Earth}$ =    yr

  As a rule of thumb, anything traveling w(uu4xvor8ad d-f3 m:faster than about 0.1c is called relativistic - i.e., for which the correction using special relativity is a significant effect. Determine the speed of an electron in a hydrogen atom4dmu (wx3-f :arvdu 8o ($v \approx 2.2 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s}$) and state if it is relativistic. (Treat the electron as though it were in a circular orbit around the proton.) ----待选择----relativistic not relativistic 

  (a) What is the spee:cdl ck( 5;d2 m3*zbdtsax;j ad $v$ of an electron whose kinetic energy is 14,000 times its rest energy? You can state the difference $c - v$. Such speeds are reached in the Stanford Linear Accelerator, SLAC.    m/s less than c
(b) If the electrons travel in the lab through a tube 3.0 km long (as at SLAC), how long is this tube in the electrons' reference frame? [Hint: use the binomial expansion.]L =    cm

  How many grams of matter would have to be totalp/k .i 8x*) gq8prndhply destroyed to run a 100-W lightbul 8/dp* xq8kgr. inpph)b for 1 year? $m_0$ =    $ \times 10^{-8} \, \text{kg}$

  What minimum amount of electromagnetic energy is needed to produce an eleclws+lv 99 e/cihxg2 ,;wo2qnrtron and a positron together? A positron is a particle with the same rest mass as an electron, but has the opposite charge. (+ rweqiv229l ohcgxl;sn9 ,/wNote that electric charge is conserved in this process.) E =    MeV

  An electron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) enters a uniform magnetic field $B=1.8 \, \text{T}$, and moves perpendicular to the field lines with a speed $v=2.5 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. What is the radius of curvature of its path? r =    mm

  A negative muon traveling at 33% the speed of light collid xzsty1aq7 a03es head on with a positive muon trazqas3y0ta1x 7 veling at 50% the speed of light. The two muons (each of rest mass $m_\mu = 105.7 \, \text{MeV}/c^2$) annihilate, and produce how much electromagnetic energy?E =    MeV

  A free neutron can decay into a q dh8p3n7s5oo8ms1t oproton, an electron, and a neutrino. Assume the neutrino's rest mass is zero, and the other masses can be found in the Table inside the front cover. Determine the total kinetic eoo sp3 qmh15o 8s8dt7nnergy shared among the three particles when a neutron decays at rest. KE =    MeV

  The Sun radiates energy at a rate of aboutks s9(:y,rvzz $4 \times 10^{26} \, \text{W}$.
(a) At what rate is the Sun's mass decreasing?$\frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t}$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{kg/s}$
(b) How long does it take for the Sun to lose a mass equal to that of Earth?$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{15} \, \text{s}$
(c) Estimate how long the Sun could last if it radiated constantly at this rate.$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{yr}$

  An unknown particle is measured to have a negative charge 3: b(p jmx hfw3of4a*w hyyy-7and a speed of $2.24 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. Its momentum is determined to be $1.07 \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$. Identify the particle by finding its rest mass.
 ----待选择----electronpositron 

  How much energy would be required to break.,wff,;k xymd z9 zpw): 0pkr*ankv 2i a helium nucleus into its constituents, two protons and two neutrons? The rest masses of a proton (includiid yzn.z29*:rm xkpf ,kpwwv ;0, )fakng an electron), a neutron, and helium are, respectively, 1.00783 u, 1.00867 u, and 4.00260 u. (This energy difference is called the total binding energy of the $^4\text{He}$ nucleus.) KE =    MeV

  What is the percentage increase in the (relativistic) mass of a car traveling 11n.:v yi 4womkdva 8d)(k d*eze 7d+.6lt1auuf0 km/h as compared to at rest? [Hint: use the bik.am a u4* ei(6ydd)nd7t:w.+vfzuel 1vdo8 knomial expansion.]$\frac{\left(m-m_0\right)}{m_0}$ =    $\times 10^{-11}\%$

  Two protons, each having a speed of 0.935c in the laboratory, are moving towardjndm1;h z :;lv each other. Determil d;jh:1nvzm;ne
(a) the momentum of each proton in the laboratory, u =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$
(b) the total momentum of the two protons in the laboratory,   
(c) the momentum of one proton as seen by the other proton.p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

Show analytically that a particle with momenti k b79. *8uu(b yyjig2z8vspyum $p$ and energy $E$ has a speed given by $v = \frac{pc^2}{E}$.

  The fictional starship Enterprise obtains its power by combining makjrn7 3x nwr7)tter and antimatter, achieving complete conversion of massr7) wnxrjk 7n3 into energy. If the mass of the Enterprise is approximately $5 \times 10^9 \, \text{kg}$, how much mass must be converted into kinetic energy to accelerate it from rest to one-tenth the speed of light?    $\times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  An electron is accelerated so that its kinetic energy is greater than bi/9 d4pmn:r/,y zvhp,tov :wits rest m9 pp:tvinvw,4/ym r/b ,od:h zass $m_0c^2$ by a factor of
(a) 5.00, v =    c
(b) 999. What is the speed of the electron in each case?v =(1 -    $ \times 10^{-7}c$)

  A farm boy studying physics bgv y0k st-1ehe/zo)i:elieves that he can fit a 15.0-m-long pole into a 12.0-m-long barn if he runs fast enough (carrying the pole). Can he do it? Explain in detail. How does this z ehie s0 1)tkyvo/g-:fit with the idea that when he is running the barn looks even shorter to him than 12.0 m? ----待选择----possiblenot possible 

  When two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen react tt.zg;w z tbz55 yndh1 nfu5i58o form two moles of water, the energy released is 484 kJ. How much does the mass of;z5h8 dzz51 wn ifbt g55.unyt the elements decrease in this reaction?
$\Delta m$ =    $\times 10^{-12} \, \text{kg}$
What % of the total original mass of the system does this mass change represent?    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  In a nuclear reaction two identical particles are created, traveling in tid+ y.skt*zu, ,hd+ qopposite directions. If the speed t ,y.qikd th+u, *szd+of each particle is 0.75c, relative to the laboratory frame of reference, what is one particle's speed relative to the other particle? u =    c

  An astronaut on a spaceship traveling at 0.75cumy+(ph2 h)4.v ybx 6vc j:tsj relative to Earth measures his ship to be 25 m long. On the hb+y.x6y 2pv)stcv 4m(h j:juship, he eats his lunch in 23 min.
(a) What length is the spaceship according to observers on Earth? L =    m
(b) How long does the astronaut's lunch take to eat according to observers on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    min

You are traveling in a spaceship at a speed orfv1vs9iy m)ivnru:2 t2jz6 ,d:sk4d f 0.85c away from Earth. You send a laser beam towjz : y229 nf1iu:m)d v,6svv ktr4rsidard the Earth traveling at velocity c relative to you. What do observers on the Earth measure for the speed of the laser beam?

  A spaceship and its occupants have a total mass of 150,000 kg. The yz3pr)k *cgup zukukc3yy- eh:e:9+-occupants would like to travel to a st eu+ukc c-k:3ph9:e3 -u )*y yyzgprkzar that is 25 light-years away at a speed of 0.60c. To accelerate, the engine of the spaceship changes mass directly to energy. How much mass will be converted to energy to accelerate the spaceship to this speed?    kg
Assume the acceleration is rapid, so the speed for the entire trip can be taken to be 0.60c, and ignore decrease in total mass for the calculation. How long will the trip take according to the astronauts on board?$\Delta t_0$ =   y

  Suppose a 12,500-kg spaceship left Earth * 1iyoj7vap b9xlly33 at a speed of 0.99c. What is the spaceship's kinetx3 l7 alypj9v*oy 31biic energy? Compare with the total U.S. annual energy consumption (about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$). KE =    $ \times 10^{20} \, \text{J}$

  A 42,000-kg spaceship is to travel to the vicinity of a star 6.0 light-yj+ qlnj- qo54nju t-eilk6,6(2zdqd bears from Earth. Passengers on the ship want the (one-way) trip to take no more than 1.0 year. How much work must be done on the spaceship to bring it to the speed necessary for this trip? u = 4jijqk-to q e,n6z6b l2udn+5d(qjl-    c

  A 1.68-kg mass oscillates*gpdla )-wg 1d on the end of a spring whose spring stiffness constant isdp-*g awl1g) d $k=48.7 \, \text{N/m}$. If this system is in a spaceship moving past Earth at 0.900c, what is its period of oscillation according to
(a) observers on the ship, T =    s
(b) observers on Earth? $T_{earth}$ =    s

A pi meson of rest mask+8(d5jm k8irhax; sf5u ld5 m0hozy:s $m_\pi$ decays at rest into a muon (rest mass $m_\mu$) and a neutrino of negligible or zero rest mass. Show that the kinetic energy of the muon is $KE_\mu = \frac{(m_\pi - m_\mu)^2 c^2}{2m_\pi}$.