A device that produces electricity by transforming chemical energy into el4:97 a3vga:l1jg he c6qrl k;fi rjnq-ectrical energy is called a9a7:jakn -v: f4hlle;g1rq6jrqg i3c

  A car battery

  The total amount of charge that passes through a wire'st1sil .(n m2i+w djao u(g3 f*kz*.hmx full cross section at any point per unit of time is referred t+x(mk in . *ozi.2ua*dglh mfwj1(t s3o as

  The direction of conv(-uwrip0q r b8ention current is taken to be the direction that

  A coulomb per second is the same nnoxq(rum5:l/n;xwb v(u4o zrq89 a3as

  Car batteries are rated inwbyk+-am f+ p .1-pedo "amp-hours." This is a measure of their

  The resistance of a wire is defduv9k4 --sqmk ined as

  What is $1 \; \Omega$ equivalent to?

  The resistance of a wirew3ag:k7o emf)s:7aouuo7 5ei is

  The resistivity of a wire depends o:zcw hjk;q57pn

  Which conducting materde 6s(qroda l;9g wkhse4 9* -wfsb7+rial has the lowest resistivity value?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length of the other. How do tz2bvz by6ab0*. dyal+6qkr) rhe resistivitiesby)rdv b lb6k.y0z2 zar*a 6+q of these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the lengt(mn v,7 ) 7oh:jto(0rprsszvb:brx v. h of the other. How do the resistances oobb, s0xrnvh(z:7v . :sojm( pv7)rrt f these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the cross-sectional area usw can5r fvtao5b8ogve0: 4) v-3wc 2of the other. How do the resistances of these two ww o o5sncubv-40cgfrvv2) t5aae3:8wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the leng8nzpz- 4dhp5(yjkqupw 5o 29 cth and twice the cross-sectional area of the other. How do the resistances4d5z j9 pcp8k5owzp2h nq(u -y of these two wires compare?

  The length of a wire is doubled and the radiuspyft.2g 0e mj0jlfy;ey ;9f6c is doubled. By what factor does the resistance chaj;lp6 temf;9gc ffj0.0y ye2ynge?

  How much more resistance does a 1.0 cm diameter rod have compared to8.hr(fxvt7:;vpfu noae . y1a.a p xh. a 2.0 cm diameter rod of the same length and.rph.v u7x; a(e. o8 :pnftyhva f1ax. made of the same material?

  The resistivity of most common me vs)y; z.39ah 4ojx2j i-fcmyhtals

  Negative temperature coefficients ofv4.9u/az fqvg resistivity

  What is 1 W equivalent toj 99*fl l6(uxxwm)u6/yvd hh)e l7ah j?

  A kilowatt-hour is equivalent tot8ue;wqtdia2sh40iu3 * ho6b( c ch +m

  If the resistance in a constant voltage circuit is doubled, the power dis(,iznutdt/+xzw . i -osipated by that circuit will n.(udxtii /-,zt+zow

  If the voltage across a circuit of constant resistance is doubled. 1y 5zbhiro+ 1rlgyw2, the power dissipated by that circuit wilr5 1w+bo2hy zri 1lgy.l

  If the resistance in a circuit with constant currp/n7 w l tj2mbv/ix+d7ent flowing is doubled, the power dissipadw 77mlvp/jt nx2+ /bited by that circuit will

  If the current flowing through a circuit of constantl 8a /,;w jb/8orw/lblrksy f9 resistance is doubled, the power dissipat;bw r8 by //a/ 8jllowf9skrl,ed by that circuit will

  During a power demand, the voltage output is reduced by 5.0%. Bu3uo./l1 a4j*qtjvyvy what percentage is the power on a resistor affeu4/vyj.v tua1jo3*ql cted?

  A current that is sinusoidal wit0a -hzd yc 8b* .-zzadhs jkm.,m-/jafh respect to time is referred to as

  Consider two copper wires each carwx1 vg(gtet2i2 hiy8*rying a current of 3.0 A. One wire has twice the diameter of the other. The ratio of the drift velocity in the smaller diameter wire to that in the larger diamet1y*vh8w 2t2gxigie ( ter wire is

  Materials in which the resistivity become)0 azma i73nfes essentially zero at very low temperatures are reim 7z an)a3e0fferred to as

  What current is flowing if 0.67 C of chardfh.3c:j7qht8f. ckm ge pass a point in 0.30 s?

  A charge of 12 C passes through an electroj j0a 0ehb x.:h+dlv5m3fgw6eplating apparatus in 2.0 min. What is the avera +dv5me0 w0hjj.:g6fl bhxe 3age current?

  How much charge must pass by a point in 10 s for the current to bhg x/q1cf y(j9e 0.50 A?

  A total of $2.0 \times 10^{13} \; protons$ pass a given point in 15 s. What is the current?

  What current is flow ;xbuvf;sj i 6/d-bob7vp; :kxing if $4.0 \times 10^{16} \; electrons$ pass a point in 0.50 s?

  If $3.0 \times 10^{15} \; electrons$ flow through a section of a wire of diameter 2.0 mm in 4.0 s, what is the current in the wire?

  A coffee maker, which dm b4yo i+:fge8m5; elaraws 13.5 A of current, has been left on for 10 min. What is the net number of electrons tgeom y4bf5ia:;l8e+mhat have passed through the coffee maker?

  In an electroplating process, it is desired tv(rq,;-9 jc uepcsw; xo deposit 40 mg of silver on a metal part by using a current of 2.0 A. How long must the current be al9q; ujv p,cse;w- (rxclowed to run to deposit this much silver? (The silver ions are singly charged, and the atomic weight of silver is 108.)

  What potential difference is required to cause 4.00 fl.k2w t+ fga(agd03wA to flow through a resistance of 330 W+3lff 0d(2g.ta awgkw ?

  What is the voltage * 74mtdx7vbc6*pcn vm2:oi 4mu os8aaacross a 5.0-W resistor if the current through it is 5.0 A?

  A 4000-W resistor is e)jo j)3y-gqbconnected across 220 V. What current will flow?

  A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. What is its ,l7lxl9t h;z:g a;unj resistanceahjnl7,;;z9tllu: gx?

  A 12-V battery is connected t,jd uj1o2t:ij a1v p5wo a 100-W resistor. How many electrons flow through the wire iwj1:jdaut 12 iv5po,jn
1.0 min?

  What is the resistance of 1.0 m copper wire of diameter 0.40 inch? (The resn x;b*pm n*0ypistiv**0pnn;xpb myity of copper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  What is the resistance of a circular rod 1.0 cm in diam9(kleegmoe*d9l+( ateter and 45 m long, if the resistivity isd l(k+ao*t9ee (eg9ml $1.4 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$?

  What length of copper wire (resistivity fzt71 )bf ,wd8gfwygccl ,w3($1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) of diameter 0.15 mm is needed for a total resistance of $15 \; \Omega$?

  A 120-m long copper wire (resistivit*qr ev-f *w6re+ a3ayfy $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) has resistance $6.0 \; \Omega$. What is the diameter of the wire?

  A 1.5-cm square rod, 4.0 m long, measures 0.040 ohms. What is kjss-ah x6uy6 ,g7cb0its resistivity?

  Calculate the current throughl :vdwxd6tb;.fol 7 0u4wez,p a 10.0-m long 22 gauge (the radius is 0.321 mm) nichrome wire if it is cbxe6wzu 0t,p7wldf;.ldv :4oonnected to a 12.0-V battery. (The resistivity of nichrome is $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  A heavy bus bar is 20 cm long and of rectangular cross-sectionj32-3q tf;rh j7rr vhxxe+5so, 1.0 cm x 2.0 cm. What is the voltage drop along its length when it carries 4000 A? (The resistivif+-s53 qrx jx; ehoh32v7rjt rty of copper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot m$)

  A 1.0-m length of nichromey,ln lhs3g yt7/wny )pdgl. *ziq ..jehy7 1(z wire has a radius of 0.50 mm and a resistivity of $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$. If the wire carries a current of 0.50 A, what is the voltage across the wire?

  A 1.0-mm diameter copper wir8mckp ,bdn8k w+4z yc3e (resistivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) carries a current of 15 A. What is the potential difference between two points 100 m apart?

  A carbon resistor has a resi)mem/:q 6rwzfstance of $18 \Omega$ at a temperature of $20 ^{\circ}C$. What is its resistance at a temperature of $120 ^{\circ}C$? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for carbon is $-5.0 \times 10^{-4} /^{\circ}C$.)

  The temperature coefficient of resistivity of platinum ilq n)n08z rma:noy 9v9s $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$. If a platinum wire has a resistance of R at room temperature ($23 ^{\circ}C$), to what temperature must it be heated in order to double its resistance to 2R?

  A platinum wire is used to determinahzy.k)b :wm 4e the melting point of indium. The resistance of the platinu)by4:. ahzkwmm wire is $2.000 \; \Omega$ at $20 ^{\circ}C$ and increases to $3.072 \; \Omega$ as indium starts to melt. What is the melting point of indium? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$.)

  5.00 A is flowing thro e899gjkcf rd5ugh an $10.0 \; \Omega$ resistor. How much power is being dissipated?

  A 110-V hair dryer is rated at 1200 W. Whnrz5t f 0 yyfi8h)p7y ,j8nf7u sqh:r)at current will it draw?

  A 150-W light bulb runningy1m gudt z p3/th9eo+mo 5sru) udc++3 on 110 V draws how much current?

  What is the nominal resistance of a 100-W light bulb designed to be used in a ux6 m.p,gb o4z7wifq5 120-V circui6bi5zo4qwg7 u, xp.mft?

  A toaster is rated 800 W at 120 V. What is the resistance of its heating pz.yg.ox+mopzp7-l * elementzmy p o*gx7+-.zp.pol?

  A 200-W resistor is rated l6 imw8/ j+.dcdco v2qf,bu j1p9v- xsat $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum current it can draw?

  A 200-W resistor is ras ;eg37jj4 jce ko-h(f*ujzs3ted at $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum voltage?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bu b8 /(iu/x9fo nkdmps30rb6wklb. If it is used at 120 V, what current does it draw?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb. If it is used at 120 V, what isn9 lpewj.ko-o*lsk hn/t, x4a5n (6 vc its resistance?

  A 25-W soldering iron runs ,xzoimdq2 r(p5z9s4 hon 110 V. What is its resistance?

  How much does it cosu/2* *exh touo8s *m*s(g bfojt to operate a 25-W soldering iron for 8.0 hours, if energy coshg **/os m* etbu*osfo ju(x82ts $0.08/kWh?

  How much energy does a 100-W lighr9 wrfkf3;j6 :xu 6fhgt bulb use in 8.0 hours?

  A 1500-W heater is connecteda1sj qpt ntz p8m 46;8:vkjht,mg5pq1 to a 120-V line for 2.0 hours. How much heat energy isqq :1n8pt; mpmgtz taj,j v48 561kpsh produced?

  A battery is rated at 12 V and 160 A-h. How much energy does theczghm0jc,* 5 -j0j,moo 9b8 td pmim;f battery store?;8,jtoj9gi*mmc , -5 p00hzmofmc bjd

  How much energy does a 25-W soldering iron u1gymtizo:7o -o1 f w8dse in 8.0 hours?

  A 100-W driveway ligkf1. ajal)fj 1acw.8aht bulb is on 10 hours per day. Assuming the power company charges 10 cents for each kilowatt-hour of electricity used, estimate the annual cost to operat 1.ajwa .aaljc1)8fk fe the bulb.

  A 400-W computer (computer plus mox+qs, i :+mnx /c7whacbti ;8znitor) is turned on 8.0 hours per day. If electricity costs 10 cents per kWh, how much does it cost to run the c 8n/x cixaq;t7+bi,mh +zc:w somputer annually?

  The monthly (30 days) electric bill included the cost o xq:ms26 :yax5 xb*ajff running a central air-conditioning unit for 2.0 hr/day at 5000 W, and a sq*:a :j2xsb 5 myxxf6aeries connection of ten 60 W light bulbs for 5.0 hr/day. How much did these items contribute to the cost of the monthly electric bill if electricity costs 8.0 cents per kWh?

  The heating element in an electric drier operates on 240 V and generates heat ats*b 2bmo m.-ng5py/yc tpn-ymgs . /ocbm2b5y* he rate of 2.1 kW. The heating element shorts out and, in repairing it, the owner shortens the Nichrome wire by 10%. (Assume the temperature is unchanged. In reality, the resistivity of the wire will depend on its temperature.) What effect will the repair have on the power dissipated in the heating element?

  14 A of current flows throubth7leu (gy/r)- i- rwgh $8.0 \; \Omega$ resistor for 24 hours. How much does this cost if energy costs $0.09/kWh?

  A 9.0-V battery costs ypw 9 d lxld f/c5uqqww137+h3 d+2qqg$1.49, and will run a portable CD player for 6.0 hours. Suppose the battery supplies a current of 25 mA to the player. What is the cost of energy in dollars per kWh?

  A motor that can do work at the rarc2s1yijggy02 k1 (8 ux5q slpte of 2.0 hp has 60% efficiency. How much curr2krlsqg15j u 0ys82piy1gx( cent does it draw from a 120-V line? ($1 \; hp = 746 \; W$)

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. ls 1qh4u5tfxv vdg.) 46tad2yWhat rms current flows through this device?tdgd24x1 vfh. s4auyt6lq)v 5

  A 500-W device is connected to a vx,:lgfgoi1o .j/fl/;i8wmq m, boa0 120-V ac power source. What peak current flows through mb,igm1gwqlfo j.x//,ov; l:i 8fa0othis device?

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power so b;-sfa0 i6ul mt;ukn5h6tu* :j aot,furce. What is the peak voltage across tht;uu ob6,jf0;hfltm5sa:-k a*iu tn 6is device?

  The diameter of a copper wire is 0.081 inch. 5.e0 ff29zbcjq ;dlaa 6i8lfgke*c q) The maximum safe current it can carry (in order to prevent fire danger in building construction) is 20 A. At this current, what is the drift velocity of the electrons? (The number of elect* jq0azq6eaf9);5 l8 fgeil kcd c.b2fron carriers in one cubic centimeter of copper is $8.5 \times 10^{22}$.)