A device that produces electricity by transforming u :fyn; y3u-a.vb)cxochemical energy into electrical energy is cav o.nbxa;uc yu-f3y :)lled a

  A car battery

  The total amount of c8cii o -y,*wlrharge that passes through a wire's full cross section at any point per unit of tiili -*8cor,ywme is referred to as

  The direction of convention current is taken to be t+,w kzbfrznsx*6g6 d1 he direction that

  A coulomb per second is the same ashhpgu l: -62qg

  Car batteries are rated in "a 1 hnp.7gjbzne4.tkmc2hfm2a 6s4 c;v mp-hours." This is a measure of their

  The resistance of a wire is defined 1h:cq yq5i+caas

  What is $1 \; \Omega$ equivalent to?

  The resistance of a wire,)f ft.ffh;n(otzkr ; is

  The resistivity of a :)2n p8k.jfg3cipyt f wire depends on

  Which conducting material has the l u 8u-h-vk)y:ss11x ioh qwh0fowest resistivity value?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length to q 068jhplj)+1dkhrof the other. How do the resistivities of these two l)jtdj+0h1prq8 k oh 6wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. Onek j0pa;t .*rpc has twice the length of the other. How do the recp*kjt; .ar 0psistances of these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the vo:gg oo(rx lry)3b+f0/g3 ldcross-sectional area of the other. How do the resistances lfgg) y3o:+/3r go0rlo(bx dvof these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length and twice the crossiymj*;dk/rrow /meei s.j-5s78p -sc-sectional area of the other. How do the resistances of these m7-w sd.i/c ss* /y;iem-5 kp j8ojrretwo wires compare?

  The length of a wire is doubled and the radius is doubled. dsh my y+74to, By what factor does the resistance cha+t74ydm, yosh nge?

  How much more resistance does a 1.0 cm diameter rod havtvf :)*zz t6kdevlh(;e compared to a 2.0 cm diameter rod of the same length and made of the sahezf;(vd * 6kz lvt:)tme material?

  The resistivity of most commo1 zud ycud 6i/e+7eu3p ana)3en metals

  Negative temperature coefficients of resistivity/kty.7)e0 k5s uqxv hv

  What is 1 W equivaleczm tk2c0pyo ,nkz7 .8nt to?

  A kilowatt-hour is equc)-j4w k;irko:7 srrq ivalent to

  If the resistance in a constant voltage circuit is doubled, the power diz)*a/f16p muqqe/m )7kqx voa ssipated by that fu qmz/qva a17)x / 6qop)ekm*circuit will

  If the voltage across a cltuee by (7:zj(06rub ircuit of constant resistance is doubled, the power dissipated by that j tu brb ue:(y6(lz0e7circuit will

  If the resistance in a circui*ny*2fc 8 ldb )3sponmt with constant current flowing is doubled, the power dissipated by that circuit willl obmyf32p)ds c*8*nn

  If the current flowing through a c:ynr chj8)d6xnp3 g3 circuit of constant resistance is doubled, the po np:3yhd xrc8gn)6c3jwer dissipated by that circuit will

  During a power demand, the voltage output is reduced by 5.0%. By wha3k4y(su, g,k ax.viys t percentage is,g ks4siky .u yxv3,a( the power on a resistor affected?

  A current that is sinusoidal2 y5qawbnxso ue6heh o)j)60: with respect to time is referred to as

  Consider two copper wires each carrying a current of 3.0 A. One wire hasln3y h/i.vm1k3ixw4c twice the diameter of the other. The ratio of the dri3cx n4wy/ 1vl hm3ik.ift velocity in the smaller diameter wire to that in the larger diameter wire is

  Materials in which the resistivity2ujsdwbs(1 al e5vq+, .a+u ou becomes essentially zero at very low temperatures are referred tusv+d5ues o w(la1+q2b,aj.u o as

  What current is flowing if 0.67 C of chj99 -krin/kfj5jv4n s arge pass a point in 0.30 s?

  A charge of 12 C passes through an e-5;rp3ls/ vlnbr x :cqlectroplating apparatus in 2.0 min. What is the average currentlp;: rl c/qxsv -3n5rb?

  How much charge must p3gw -8ptketckumkj07 vpqq7 3( 1)zxlass by a point in 10 s for the current to be 0.50 A?

  A total of $2.0 \times 10^{13} \; protons$ pass a given point in 15 s. What is the current?

  What current is flowing if xay+ af (+jm9z$4.0 \times 10^{16} \; electrons$ pass a point in 0.50 s?

  If $3.0 \times 10^{15} \; electrons$ flow through a section of a wire of diameter 2.0 mm in 4.0 s, what is the current in the wire?

  A coffee maker, which draws 13.5 A of current, has b z7m w 8b9eb 4)uhfcdg6+hgm5ceen left on for 10 min. What is the net number of electrodg g6hcz)f4e 57 bcb wu9h+m8mns that have passed through the coffee maker?

  In an electroplating proceswxl)+2is/sa b7tt xx8 fpi94q s, it is desired to deposit 40 mg of silver on a metal part by using a current of 2.0 A. How long must the current be allowed to run to deposit this much silver? (The silver iss 2xi7a9xq+xt8p4)li b /tfwons are singly charged, and the atomic weight of silver is 108.)

  What potential difference is required to cause 4.00 A to f6cx15etuo s4uey;, qetx*zy;5mgd + flow through a resistance of 33; t+mexge*4c e5dz; su,5 1ouxty y6fq0 W?

  What is the voltage across a 5.0-W resistor if the cu6 mp dwepc8z,2rrent through it is 5.0 A?

  A 4000-W resistor is connected across 220 V. What current wiigc2f,j:a. x h,iuo:z+pj 6ec ll flow?

  A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. What )5ueh)x kv bes5bji(:is its resistance? bb5eevkj(i:su h 5)x)

  A 12-V battery is connected too z/w2shmi7 t(q+dmbb09p sv 9y11 sjlu7gni5 a 100-W resistor. How many electrons flow through the wire i9tvn5 g(u1s/im7wm2 l0 9p+1qysobh7s zi jbdn
1.0 min?

  What is the resistance of 1.0 m copper wire of diamete* k xx)hug*g0w 98zfekr 0.40 inch? (The resistivity of copper is *xgfw *0)xug9 8hekkz$1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  What is the resistance of a circular rod 1.0 cm (rardme 5ujjrr1w2 4xtvp+ q:m /84jqin diameter and 45 m long, if the res1e4r/r+uv2 j: 54djmmqqrw r(jat xp8istivity is $1.4 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$?

  What length of copper wire (resistiv;wkld- )yvuf2 b q8.hiity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) of diameter 0.15 mm is needed for a total resistance of $15 \; \Omega$?

  A 120-m long copper winnu) lgg78e7wdgy 15 vre (resistivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) has resistance $6.0 \; \Omega$. What is the diameter of the wire?

  A 1.5-cm square rod, 4.0 m long, mef5m ) soest;:jasures 0.040 ohms. What is its resistivity?

  Calculate the current throu x 0a5-c2+ga8wi jwjmogh a 10.0-m long 22 gauge (the radius is 0.321 mm) nichrome wire if it is connected to a 12.0c5gij+a-0jaw 2x o wm8-V battery. (The resistivity of nichrome is $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  A heavy bus bar is 20 cm long and of rectangular cro*2-aq *;4hamoiq nck9hp gzgn ;pm29s ss-section, 1.0 cm x 2.0 cm. What is the voltage drop along its length when it carries 4000 A9-nhmknq4 qp*o;;2ma hi9c zgps g a2*? (The resistivity of copper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot m$)

  A 1.0-m length of nichrome wire has)s7hj a mib rgit5-t(0 a radius of 0.50 mm and a resistivity of $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$. If the wire carries a current of 0.50 A, what is the voltage across the wire?

  A 1.0-mm diameter copper wire (resistiving) x9;hl(8oqp+cm i,rssy;x ty $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) carries a current of 15 A. What is the potential difference between two points 100 m apart?

  A carbon resistor has a re4/tq:neb blj +;tx8nr sistance of $18 \Omega$ at a temperature of $20 ^{\circ}C$. What is its resistance at a temperature of $120 ^{\circ}C$? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for carbon is $-5.0 \times 10^{-4} /^{\circ}C$.)

  The temperature coefficient of resistivity sn2a59 mol:4zeh gq2wof platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$. If a platinum wire has a resistance of R at room temperature ($23 ^{\circ}C$), to what temperature must it be heated in order to double its resistance to 2R?

  A platinum wire is used to determine the melting po: xu;gmqn:x k7int of indium. The resistance of the platinum wire is q::xkmx g;un7 $2.000 \; \Omega$ at $20 ^{\circ}C$ and increases to $3.072 \; \Omega$ as indium starts to melt. What is the melting point of indium? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$.)

  5.00 A is flowing thro;h5o7jc+4emc q kk aq5ugh an $10.0 \; \Omega$ resistor. How much power is being dissipated?

  A 110-V hair dryer is rated at 1200 W. What*1og uo8g r; 6ye f/brwo+thl0 current will it draw?

  A 150-W light bulb run1-2 :ym4/g 8ze vbqjihqd9ctpning on 110 V draws how much current?

  What is the nominal resistance of a 100-W light bulb designed to b0)5w8tq,fw 34a z laiptp)j bue used in a 120-V )4tjz utib0alf) apq8p,w 53w circuit?

  A toaster is rated 800 W at 120 V. What is the resisx1pbx.f kdc9clt (x(dz/,2 uetance of its heating elemenbz lx(pcedk21 .9x c,d/ftu( xt?

  A 200-W resistor is ratejm*rqxf6 (9nnd at $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum current it can draw?

  A 200-W resistor is rated a57 rmnl:aqj-2brcq fr,ai u4( t $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum voltage?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb. If it is used at 120 r*ka)q rcg oe3t)jv 6-V, what current does it draw?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb0*97l ma91flbi6xt -jwvrx ml . If it is used at 120 V, what is its resistance?

  A 25-W soldering iron runs on 110/vgsav +ue, 5bc n/8pg V. What is its resistance?

  How much does it cost 5fda)-2q+, hzafuk o sh0crs4to operate a 25-W soldering iron for 8.0 hours, if energy costs afk5h+a s hdo f c2zr)sq-4,0u$0.08/kWh?

  How much energy does a 100-W light bulb2 4urs:(xe/,0j ao yr6ld ousa use in 8.0 hours?

  A 1500-W heater is connected to a 120-V line for 2.0 hours. ,( h-wx/ npzzc7 xa+wyg-ur/vHow much heat energy is produced?+7-h/-z uxprzww(c,vx/yg na

  A battery is rated at 12 V and lf2zaz)x)vwwv+5xg2 :qgj7 r 160 A-h. How much energy does the battery store?z)xga2wfzxvl) +v52:g r w7qj

  How much energy does a 25-W soldering iron use - m qqveb97.o fil,e/pin 8.0 hours?

  A 100-W driveway light bulb is on 10 hours pe9czqa*l . lpz)r day. Assuming the power company charges 10 cents for each kilowatt-hour of electricity used, estimate the annual cost to operate tc.a9p*l)lqz zhe bulb.

  A 400-W computer (computer plus monitor) is turned on 8.0 hours per daozl,xrb7+n47kc ccrvm k- v9yx o,;-wy. If electricityn,y4 7x,+vm k;r-cw ovclk-c9brz7o x costs 10 cents per kWh, how much does it cost to run the computer annually?

  The monthly (30 days) electric bill included the cost dtbrphp6*m:xgw 2ic7.)+v*dua2 wsr of running a central air-conditioning unit for 2.0 hr/day at 5000 W, and a series connection of ten 60 W light bulbs for 5.0 hr/day. How much did these items contribute to the cost of the monthly electric bd bt:xcg*wpupvw2hrrmd) +.*s a7i26 ill if electricity costs 8.0 cents per kWh?

  The heating element in an electric drier oper 3 i1ryh.u:k8rq* owkr r05oyn3 p-* fhgync)pates on 240 V and generates heat at the rate of 2.1 kW. The heating element shorts out and, in repairing it, the owner shortens the Nichrome wire by 10%. (Assume the temperature is unchanged. In reality, the resistivity of the wire will depend on its temperat iy5y01 :yr) rp* hnr3n8hwkcruoqk*-o3f .gpure.) What effect will the repair have on the power dissipated in the heating element?

  14 A of current flows tqo 04jrh k)pu,hrough $8.0 \; \Omega$ resistor for 24 hours. How much does this cost if energy costs $0.09/kWh?

  A 9.0-V battery costs d l.q*aj ,n8ohqf)g 5y$1.49, and will run a portable CD player for 6.0 hours. Suppose the battery supplies a current of 25 mA to the player. What is the cost of energy in dollars per kWh?

  A motor that can do work at the rate of 2.0 hp has 60% em1 )ad3a3r wfyfficiency. How much currentym33f)d1rw a a does it draw from a 120-V line? ($1 \; hp = 746 \; W$)

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. What rms current flolmx3wcv:9o :ca 6y9hfws throug9cy:omv39fwlx : hac 6h this device?

  A 500-W device is connectedrvh,a78x o(n y*)px td to a 120-V ac power source. What peak current flows through thisprt8x(o vxy)n h,a7 *d device?

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. k(qr hji 4rm(;What is the peak voltage across thir4r(mkhj i(; qs device?

  The diameter of a copfm 4,mg0ilej;;o9q boper wire is 0.081 inch. The maximum safe current it can carry (in order to prevent fire danger in building cons,lm ;4obq 9eomi;gjf0truction) is 20 A. At this current, what is the drift velocity of the electrons? (The number of electron carriers in one cubic centimeter of copper is $8.5 \times 10^{22}$.)