Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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答题人: 匿名未登录开始时间: 23年05月01日 10:24 切换到: 整卷模式

1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spaceship tha:ha 8+*vknl yq*5b xedt has no windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at consvqxleb*yk:8n + *ad 5htant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley exper1h rgg;0.qhi iiment was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley concluded from the rz6mblp(( 1xr:+vccr8 am :xffesults of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yourself if yous+k ;r4 lx:(c9ddpgra use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity principle.ovm r+bpd: ;9 ly kd0tvu:-jq1

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unpr* ru 6oumj-1pqovable assumptions of Galilean-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special rel. svwcn(z/ab 6,alk 9yativity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special theory of relativity fnuhqb5 /n(lbbnd -47 was that the laws of physics are the same in referen bf-d7nn5(ub 4bnhql /ce frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postulate of special relativot9kltmbzkbdc ue*;qg ,036r, q g7-eity.

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postulate5vuvg,o(-jt;gj cp iojj q5 :( of special relativity.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measure your pulse rate while in a spaceship moving awai-luta*x fs+9 b71npgy from the Sun at a speed close to the speed of light, you would fipl ix+utn-a7 s9g *f1bnd that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving cla/ia 6e n-k)saock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is defined xx28uz5l ab4m as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling ) cbf y-yp0;qgat a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts tha g;qypy)cb -f0t the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary obs0ytw,h k-s7w 6;s ptgierver, a moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its l ;ksp m1su/v- buqh;0mength with a velocity that approaches t;su m0k s 1vmhu;-/qpbhe velocity of light. The width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocityg rzb rw :17lul1u*b8v that approaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a statglb8*l:vzu b1r1w 7r uionary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle app v;cx 7j wn2(,vzby3e,dt3lnvroaches the speed of light, the mass of the particle3z t7 j;wnlv,3(bev,y cvndx2

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, th j:r5 es(bua;9flj3 rme momentum of the particl(ra f ; j5srjluem:93be

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. As it passes, -:fsgk bi9aq 1you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the m a1sqf-bk9:gioving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinetic energy of a spey i39 +hoxetnpy0 r/y5edy proton when its relativistic mass doubles?rh+nyt5xpy 0/ 9ioe 3y

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total relativisb ghl1jv*6 co*tic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass o6*hgc*jb 1lvdoubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle of mass dt l-j7o;( prk$m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Shi 04qx5vfu :bsie 1 bhqve7o4qi)mqm90p A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from ti47qv msf)0i5 91 qq:vxh b4o muqb0eehe Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following nhj)dfh q8 ).s,qg26a yn*l rhdepends on the observer's frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship 8,:m leoc0fc1 3ya,nu+8sbc dp8zfcsincreases, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, ) e;rmxk(h v)zrq05hj relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is hearrq5x)h e; jhz)mvk(0ding upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0*fnzl kgyc slsj00::c f+4kz+ m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is hkjs+lgy0z*c+f :slnz k c4f0:eading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still wa:.xd*qrh a+ lvter. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across t:x.d* varhl+ qhe river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a moving c4n mf+/u03 wxqo/rhphlock travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-half its nouq fp+wo03r4nx h/h m/rmal rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to azgyo ijt 6dlh2u1 *+d6iudr 49 planet and returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how mrlod 6hu*9y 4 +ijz d1dutgi62uch time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrealw.ei ,zv6x / 8yug0+ t:l,ewbsc s+rs and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. liew.,6ys g8z :ts w ul+ +0ver/bxs,c When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space tr69khd u2mn+bkip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brothern+h69kbu dk m2?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a slhi0fh w06+ d 1c:yzgkpeed of 0.80c. What is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ship have to mo a4zfn6okq,sx2wx +z+ve to contract to half of its proper length (as observed noazqk4wx6xz 2,s++f by a stationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spaceship is 10 m whenxy5wr/4x sdo 26pbuq* it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of y o/rx ub642qwx*5sdp0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light i2c xya1 x-s8d w8(mciyears away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earthxcc sia81y2dim( x- 8w travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar syst)gaxk9o blk(v, b66txem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star.6 x(l 6avbt xgk),o9bk How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Cenzq 2gf.yezd97tauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels to d9 yqzge7.fz2ward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is its mass gh(ty5fn 5yir. kwg.e:0 ok2r? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a proton if its mass is twipzl2znfof)0w4 qonon q9kf9d v; x./) ce its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c,.8 s g (w,ch1eyt6jqqr then your mass will increase br(qq 8h.c6 ,1swtjyeg y

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum iiwnht t/9tw s*s1.ji4n 29j izn $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, ayy0r u(ocqv zsj.lg)sg17 g.8n element loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of5a1 dqsar:l-f material was lost during a reaction?rdafsl51 :- qa

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram of mass at rest iqt zw4tddbj8/s1:k,5in dj(n s

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000;oub u6+,zxwo 0m i3zi people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosi i+x0 3zzoowmiu ;b6u,ve. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy o)akse1uw5cm kv0lk*k r,7 :w m9ic;u 4pox,hg f a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of pu 4mwc,,k a ;*ik:w)u71x vksgo5c klerh09mthe proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What i+w g 3x.tvc* yczf lj2o /.xihqki-+:ms the momentum intw2. ci -h x3.y+ficxqk/:+ ogzjl*mv $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is releasedb)z-zq. 6iw* wd7 ny9tr) kmv.f,pbre (in MeV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is lost during aih 0j c;b0,,oa3nr asj reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an1im8prnd8 f mx9 ;ul5l electron moving with a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogram of mass from r: p: ufhwi-v8w*aw t5iest to i: f*w w8- wvi:tu5apha velocity of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, ;enl /txzcm-tp 2/x8.jz -kll$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated throuo,0ji *t t*shdgh 100 kV. By what factor has its mass increased with respect to its rest h0d,t*js to*i mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away f4vxaaezhv ygz 3 9,w-+rom the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light from the Sun -4zwzhex ,y9v a3vag+to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0 (-kojwatjce6)cu s,0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velo w,-(s)eukjct06 cjaocity, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is trav;9 2v9( epprz(jjsmuzeling with a speed of 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of the shi9ej ju(zp;s mzv2p9(rp relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earto7p)-nm qymr*8.sjx pk; van6*jcff3h with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a sv cj.8a7 omy nfr;6 fqj*ns pm*xk3-p)peed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. Th3wydxw.5ifi)hnup7,orx:a8n l 5d7 be spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth5lwnha3d5pr77:u.d )y,8nxf xiwi bo ?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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总分:61分及格:36.6分时间:不限时

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