Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

When a target nucleus is bombarded ub8 n*fzu lh2t2) eme d-4qs1sby an appropriate beam of particles, it is po -nu)z8*41d2st bmufe qh ls2essible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of a proton is )0im4x xu 64c wdr)t(ef5zl6p +xs izh$1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition ;.pd 5nts6mvw to electric charge, energy, and momentum? vws6d;.p5mt n

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluor :0ucf-y(pv d08poflxine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this cpfv8fyx ( 00lpod :u-nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to be exothgvpm4 w1x o+*jermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic rzxh4a*m;a p-yqj; :zif the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which amp 7jvus2y8vb gon9+ - heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-siu-8ny7vsp2 o9jgbvm+ zed nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which small nuclei combine to form largepj6ea)hp -)xq r ones is referred to)jpp) h-x qea6 as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the total mass of the products of a nucl*(bkvpnt/ 9vf0/ fe siear fission reaction compare to the mass of pf 09veb(nfv *s/it/kthe original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the mass of the products of a nxi (ic+yr07veyw0* m muclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original el y*e cm0 0+ivw7mxyi(rements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When light elements such h,qq(v uhi; )yas hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fis*d57sm(pd( gg5m fxe msion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center*.ruawb 38 4wlejg un(ntr5nek vp0s-8 *a6iu of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The energy radiated by a star, such a36sd/4 zfadq k5a sig2s the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the source of the energy t9wbx b iy-n.wk c:ns;,maz*2lhe Sun radiates to us?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the principle difference between a hydrogen ia m,*ao )(e+qaan:a cbomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. Whaiz.3:jfmce l cnzx./v f-t:o pc; d;r8t does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the meaning of the term0vm jt/(j t1ki "critical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A chain reaction can occurj1p9 / avx41q+-mz( g0.wjenqjhl qwv

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells i88;qdv - cxqobs

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is necessary to stop beta particleslczf3 hixgm(-5np4b8 ?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is created in pair producth9 y2vmpvn5,ymlyweuqi+)y+ ,9b 9 rgion?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

All of the following are qkc5e 0r7db,d units used to describe radiation dosage in humans excepb e,7dcqrd05 kt

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a human is jz0bme- jbr *pe8,:vuthe

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When lead-207 (Z = 82) is boc-wv)z9, g:q 8 bn ogib-+tgtymbarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the fission reaction*c xvnl iwxdxe slr4n+ 2;49m6 $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuchcrfu9 ) f:r7ylear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear reactiojcrgxy-ew8i(z7c11 7q kno/kn: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear reactirqpj/svjuxs+(r u04y28) /hng3d sz yon: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nucleaxwde 6iesbvn95+r yp2 5.w xd074dprpf;g1ft r reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear reauv9i)ky csq4 an7 ed6/ *kldnn ag/ u).aja0-hction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 Mky72jop+n v+ 1 *tuwvoeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. k2wp 7t+nu*o1+j vovyWhat is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the following reactionru) *;q6 spthm: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the following ru2vuwt:2:um d eaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the Q value for the following reacti+gck , bra36 tqc*zd(bon? $^{7} Li \;+\; ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He \;+\; ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy of reaction of the d(nby45z( int yljn41process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy re,ukpr-6e/ d--b*nd r .up*nd -yhtkmr leased (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following reac mthrk - e*nbp -6uk*d,.dd-pnyu-rr/tion? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per da )trn7cids49jy and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the7 dc inrs4)9jt total dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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