Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam 89ovwmdbk z; 1mxpi9v2jo *+pqx6 :orof particles, it is possi9vxbv prqizoxj98+:om 6;m 12kwd o *pble to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of a proton itdvbe/rzufbt;/ne bh *9m48qdy 5, m1 s

1.6726 \times 10^{- 27} k g

and the mass of a neutron is

1.6749 \times 10^{- 27} k g

. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to

(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{- 27} k g

.

B. less than

(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{- 27} k g

.

C. greater than

(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{- 27} k g

.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric cns6 p.liut ihp23lk7w1cd9l+harge, energy, ai 6+upwtn9h1 d c23ks l.lpl7ind momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A proton strikes an oxygeng 5bb1e-lz tb--18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is progbe --bz5 bl1tduced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an

α

particle

C. an

b -

particle

D. an

b +

particle

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said iu 3r ds,z.0btto be exothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to be en. oq8htdt*5rt9su5 wr dothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two inteuhlm( zg)nymg;sz,z cni0y+ iy ;- p(l+(elq9rmediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referred to yzqs,l;g( zin ( ;ehc +ml+zm9yipy(lugn-)0as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during whic8ghwdn i 4i4yy28;eqih small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referred tog yi;h dy84ni4i82qwe as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the total mass of the products ofbg/b* kqr o0a: a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of the original elemr0ao gb*bk /:qents?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the mass of thfkbpyhn9ge1 rp(,7 3de products of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original el ng9fd1p7r 3b,hy(pk eements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When light elements such as hydroy:o.r mak dct dfami72;,;twz33:i kagen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fission is gvu;s+ k,wb*x

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fusiox p -is4j7wdl9n in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The energy radiated by a star,5tmndqs(u7 wgqe 8s;(m. v (7-d:ysmwhh bln+ such as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the source of tp0z f h:f0 b49hvahfs3he energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb and a uran)4-e x (zamad/l 1pmnzium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One sometimes hears reference to a "20gv/vo7ho,k (e2 clu 7e-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the meaning of the term "critical zrpf5pwi)b cfnw-+-z2i d9* s mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A chain reaction can occ vbalr8c 88eo3ur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells ker1ts1 e)x mz68 n+2d-1 an(:cig9ybcqjm lu is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is necessary to stop beta xzi 2 hb-b7x cxqg069i*chz5dparticles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is created in paits+;isza*i rag u1kea ae;o05 lq4:)fr production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

All of the following are unitcfa;zsh7+ wkquw0- 1acfq .q1s used to describe radiation dosage in humans excepsf7 kh q;1qw.z1 wqauf+ c0-cat

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation ipwmvi c4 n;im;hz+.ps : ajz/1n a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutronvsqzuk.(3 )o us, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the fission react-* f iq0fu1xapion

^{235} U +^{1} n \to^{141} B a +^{92} K r + n e u t r o n s

, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nucxf:, h 4xtx9 yomr:.yb;yo7dz lear reaction:

_{8}^{16} O +_{0}^{1} n \to +_{2}^{4} H e

A.

^{12} C

B.

^{13} C

C.

^{14} C

D.

^{15} C

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear re2j 7zqtoit(p heampg6 ,5 9)0shd.h8te6irqqaction:

_{8}^{16} O +_{2}^{4} H e \to +_{10}^{19} N e

A.

^{1} p

B.

^{1} n

C.

^{2} H

D.

^{3} H

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following u, h*f jzy3f zoynr5q:0hzrwm-; m8b+nuclear reaction:

_{19}^{38} K +_{1}^{1} H \to +_{20}^{38} C a

A.

^{1} p

B.

^{1} n

C.

^{2} H

D.

^{3} H

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear 6+m,-tiu lpwur,ar s+.toso:reaction:

_{1}^{3} H +_{1}^{3} H \to +_{2}^{4} H e

A. 2(

^{1} p

)

B. 2(

^{1} n

)

C.

^{2} H

D.

^{3} H

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the followinge+7yfcgo(g - - mtxd1t nuclear reaction:

_{13}^{27} A l (α, n)

produces

A.

^{28} P

B.

^{29} P

C.

^{30} P

D.

^{31} P

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and theh(fp/0d1pef8 yy- vxk reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incidfpype08 -kx y1h(vfd /ent particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the folla0s )b 301 co6hkfwfp: *juink +jsy;wowing reaction:

_{7}^{14} N +_{2}^{4} H e \to_{8}^{17} O +_{1}^{1} H

The isotopic mass for

_{7}^{14} N

is

14.003074 u

The isotopic mass for

_{2}^{4} H e

is

4.002603 u

The isotopic mass for

_{8}^{17} O

is

16, 999131 u

The isotopic mass for

_{1}^{1} H

is

1.007825 u

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the following react 9+29izo icl7payi9kj ion:

_{7}^{14} N +_{2}^{4} H e \to_{8}^{17} O +_{1}^{1} H

The isotopic mass for

_{7}^{14} N

is

14.003074 u

The isotopic mass for

_{2}^{4} H e

is

4.002603 u

The isotopic mass for

_{8}^{17} O

is

16, 999131 u

The isotopic mass for

_{1}^{1} H

is

1.007825 u

A.

1.191 M e V

B.

- 1.191 M e V

C.

1.279 \times 10^{- 3} M e V

D.

- 1.279 \times 10^{- 3} M e V

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the Q value for the 0c:4ew .qp w 8l4/yozvly+s eefollowing reaction?

^{7} L i +^{1} p \to^{4} H e +^{4} H e

The isotopic mass for

^{7} L i

is

7.016005 u

The isotopic mass for

^{1} p

is

1.007825 u

The isotopic mass for

^{4} H e

is

4.002603 u

A.

13.57 M e V

B.

15.37 M e V

C.

17.35 M e V

D.

17.53 M e V

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy of reani2 *6s 7alfljtwf e-7ction of the process

_{4}^{9} B e (α, n)_{6}^{12} C

?

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following ehr:f ik c s0i(5kg-bfp5jp21reactiofj5phicpk5( r: ig-f21k 0esbn?

^{3} H +^{3} H =^{4} H e + 2 (^{1} n)

The isotopic mass for

^{3} H

is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for

^{4} H e

is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for

^{1} n

is 1.008665 u

A.

0.0122 M e V

B.

- 0.0122 M e V

C.

11.3 M e V

D.

- 11.3 M e V

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receiv2jp)fx l i67pmes 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total 72iplp mj)6fxdose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A.

2.50 r e m

B.

5.00 r e m

C.

6.25 r e m

D.

7.75 r e m

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