Particulate Nature of Matter B.3 Ideal Gas Model

1#

Under what conditions of density and pressure does the following graph represent how the volume of a real gas varies with temperature at constant pressure?

A. Low pressure and low density

B. Low pressure and high density

C. High pressure and low density

D. High pressure and high density

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas is in a fixed volume container which sits on an electronic balance. More of the same gas is added to the container. Which of the following will not change?

A. The separation between the gas molecules

B. The collision frequency of the gas molecules with each other

C. The average size of the molecules

D. The reading on the electronic balance

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A student is using the equatia-n(ib99wd/l,ftrsmr(2zv n u 8x2ilon

p V = n R T

to solve for

n

with the following percentage uncertainties in the measurements.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of

n

?

A. 3 %

B. 7 %

C. 9 %

D. 12 %

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An inflated balloon containing an ideal gas at 7erj e ):uooe6temperature

T

in degrees Celsius floats in a room where the atmospheric pressure is

P

. The volume remains constant at

V

. If the balloon contains

M

moles of the gas, which of the following is true?

A.

\frac{P V}{R (T + 273)}

B.

\frac{R (T + 273}{P V)}

C.

\frac{k_{b} P}{R V)}

D.

\frac{P V}{k_{b} (T - 273)}

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas is held in0+nh;1 szyuvuk gh/5f a container of volume

V

and at pressure

P

. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

A. 8

V

B. 4

V

C. 2

V

D.

V

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

A. Helium gas at temperature of 56

K

B. Oxygen gas at temperature of 500

K

C. Nitrogen at temperature of 374

K

D. Hydrogen gas at temperature of 22

K

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas is enclosed in a syringe. The gas has a volu8;0 iesiz x3cxme of 20 mL, a temperature oxz03xe 8 iis;cf

20^{\circ} C

, and pressure of 10kPa. The syringe is heated to

40^{\circ} C

, and the volume of the gas is reduced to 5mL.
What is the new pressure?

A. 80kPa

B. 20kPa

C. 2kPa

D. 43kPa

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Systems A and B both consist of wh. bvi3mg8a-xh e6q6 kb64s.*a cza wan ideal gas at initial temperature T. In System A, the temperature of the gas is increased. In System B, gas molecules are added with the temperature of the system remaining c ahkcm6. h-xw36ae4bw b8is*g6 z.aqvonstant.
Which of these statements about the total intermolecular potential energy of the two systems is correct?

A. Potential energy increases

otential energy increases

B. Potential energy is constant

otential energy increases

C. Potential energy is constant

otential energy is constant

D. Potential energy increases; Potential energy is constant

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A quantity of 2000 kg Carb8/zp1zymy g d0on Dioxide (

C O_{2} ​

) is maintained in a container tank. The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide (

C O_{2}

) is

44 g m o l^{-} 1

. Determine the correct estimate of the number of Carbon Dioxide (

C O_{2}

) molecules in the container tank.

A.

10^{22}

B.

10^{25}

C.

10^{28}

D.

10^{31}

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A cylinder of fixed volume contains

n

moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional

n

moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

A. Pressure decreases because more particles collide with each other allowing fewer particles to reach the walls of the cylinder.

B. Pressure decreases because the total kinetic energy of the particles is now distributed over a larger number of particles.

C. Pressure increases because more particles are now available to collide with the walls of the cylinder.

D. Pressure increases because the average speed of the particles increases.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A vessel of volume

1.0 \times 10^{- 3} m^{3}

contains neon gas at a pressure of

2.0 \times 10^{5} P a

, when the temperature is 200

K

. The molar gas constant is approximately

8.0 J m o l^{- 1} K^{- 1}

and the molar mass of neon is

20 g m o l^{- 1}

What is the approximate mass of the neon in the vessel?

A. 0.1g

B. 0.4g

C. 2.5g

D. 5.0g

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas is enclosed in6va did0d/kd6 a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the g0da6ik6vd dd /as is i

27^{\circ} C

ts pressure is

p

. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to

54^{\circ} C

A.

p

B. 1.09

p

C. 1.5

p

D. 2

p

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13#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.Define one mole.

2.An ideal gas is heated in a closed container of volume

2.5 m^{3}

. The variation of the pressure of the gas

p

with temperature

T

is shown on the graph below.

1.Determine the amount of gas, in

m o l

, in the closed container.
2.State and explain how the gradient of the graph would change if the amount of gas in the container was increased.

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14#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.A student investigates the variation of gas pressure with volume at a constant temperature. Air is trapped inside a gas syringe with a constant cross sectional area of

A

. The plunger of the gas syringe is tied to a mass holder. The student measures the volume

V

of the trapped gas for different hanging masses with the external constant air pressure,

P_{A}

, remaining constant.

After each increase in mass, the student waits for some time to measure the volume of the gas. Outline why this is necessary.
The recorded data is plotted on a graph:

2.Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data.
3.Determine the gradient of the graph.
2.Theory suggests that

(P_{A} - \frac{m g}{A}) V = k

where m is the total mass of the plunger and hanging masses, g is the acceleration of free fall and k is a constant.
1.Determine the unit of

k

in SI base units.
2.Calculate the percentage uncertainty of the volume

V

when the mass m is

700 g

.
3.In a particular experiment, the researcher measures

m = 0.700 \pm 0.005 k g

A = 0.00010 \pm 0.00001 m^{2}

and

g = 9.81 \pm 0.01 m s^{- 2}

Calculate the absolute uncertainty of

\frac{m g}{A}

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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15#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A student investigates gas behaviour. A volume of gas is trapped in a capillary tube by a thin layer of oil. The tube, a thermometer and a ruler are immersed in water.

The student slowly added boiling water and recorded the values of the temperature T of the water and the height h of the gas trapped inside the capillary tube. The recorded data is plotted on a graph as shown.

1.Draw the best fit line for the graph plotted data.
2.The theory suggests that

h = m T + C

where m and C are constant. Temperature T is in

\circ C

1.Suggest whether the data are consistent with the theory.
2.By using the graph drawn in (a), determine the constants

m

and

C

.
3.State the units of the gradient in fundamental SI units.
3.Following the experiment, the student tested their thermometer in an ice bath and in boiling water. The temperatures were

2^{\circ} C

and

102^{\circ} C

respectively.
1.Explain how this finding will affect how the student interprets their results.
2.The student also goes on to find the intercept on the temperature axis. Will this error cause their intercept value to be higher or lower than expected?

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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16#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.Define pressure.

2.An ideal gas is in a container of volume

2.5 \times 10^{4} c m^{3}

. The pressure of the gas is

3.0 \times 10^{4} P a

at a temperature of

127^{\circ} C

1.Determine how many molecules there are in the gas.
2.Estimate the total kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
3.The gas is heated at a constant rate to reach a temperature of

800 K

. The change in the volume of the container is negligible.
1.Determine the pressure of the gas at

800 K

.
2.On the graph below, sketch how the mean square speed

\bar{c^{2}}

of the gas molecules varies with temperature

T

during the heating process.
(there is no need to add values on the axis)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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17#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.Outline how a gas exerts pressure on a surface.
2.1.A balloon containing helium gas is released from the ground. The pressure exerted by the helium is approximately equal to the pressure exerted by surrounding air. The balloon expands at constant temperature as it rises.

The balloon contains

16

of helium (molar mass

4.0 g m o l^{-} 1

), has a temperature

T

of

300 K

and a pressure

P_{0}

of

100 k P a

at ground level.
Calculate the volume

V_{0}

of the balloon at ground level.
22.At heights much less than 10 km, the pressure

P

inside the balloon is related to its height ℎh (in

m

) by the approximation

P \approx P_{0} ​ (1 - ​ \frac{h}{10 k m})

The balloon ascends until its volume is 5% higher than the volume at ground level.
Estimate the new height of the balloon.

Estimate the new height of the balloon.
3.The same balloon at

100 k P a

is placed inside a sealed, rigid container of volume

3 V_{0}

and a temperature of

300 K

. A pump is used to remove air from the container. When the air remaining in the container consists of half as many molecules as the number of molecules inside the balloon, the balloon bursts.
Determine the pressure inside the container at the moment the balloon bursts.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An enclosed container with an internal volun uml -q5nm d c9rro,z(ml2) ng6d0u-jme

V

contains

3.0 \times 10^{2} 3

helium atoms at a Kelvin temperature

T

. What is the pressure of the helium gas?

A.

(3.0 \times 10^{23}) \frac{R T}{V}

B.

3.0 \frac{k_{B} T}{V}

C.

\frac{3.0}{6.02} \frac{R T}{V}

D.

\frac{3.0}{6.02} \frac{k_{B} T}{V}

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Ideal gases obey the assumptions in the kinetic model. The behaviour of real gases is different from ideal gases. Which of the following statements about an ideal gas is not correct?

A. Forces between ideal gas molecules are negligible when not undergoing a collision.

B. All molecules in an ideal gas have negligible volume.

C. Ideal gases can be liquefied.

D. ollisions of ideal gas molecules with each other are elastic.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fixed mass of ideal gas is trapped in a closed container. The graph shows how two variables related to the gas vary.

The gradient of the graph is

k V

while

k

is constant and

V

is the volume of the container.
In the table below, which row correctly describes quantities X and Y?

X Y

A. Temperature in Celsius

ressure

B. Temperature in Kelvin

ressure

C. Pressure;Temperature in Celsius

D. Pressure;Temperature in Kelvin

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21#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.Distinguish between an ideal gas and a non-ideal gas with reference to the internal energy of the molecules.

2.An ideal gas of mass

20 g

is heated in a sealed container. The temperature of the gas is increased from

127^{\circ} C

to

327^{\circ} C

. The specific heat capacity of the gas at constant volume is

2.5 \times 10^{4} J k g^{- 1} K^{- 1}

.
1.Calculate the increase in total kinetic energy of the molecules of the ideal gas.
2.The average speeds of the molecules at

127^{\circ} C

and

327^{\circ} C

are

v_{i}

and

v_{f}

respectively. Calculate

\frac{v_{i}}{v_{f}}

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas piston of total volux; ba 55 (jpm-0 dpo-jchotrskh8a; :wme

3900 c m^{3}

contains

3600 c m^{3}

of air and

3300 c m^{3}

of water at a temperature of

27^{\circ} C

. The system is cooled and the piston contracts at constant pressure.
What is the approximate total piston volume at the point where the water first starts to freeze?

A. 273

c m^{3}

B. 546

c m^{3}

C. 819

c m^{3}

D. 846

c m^{3}

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two cylindrical ideal gas pistons of equal initial volume and pressure are compressed at constant temperature by a force

F

. The cross-sectional area of Piston A is two times the cross-sectional area of Piston B.

Which graph correctly shows how the length

L

of each piston changes with increasing

F

?

A. B. C. D.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure

P

, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures

10 P

and

\frac{P}{2}

, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

Most like ideal gasSecond most like ideal gasLeast like ideal gas

A. System A System B System C

B. System A System C System B

C. System B System A System C

D. System C System A System B

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Container 1 contains

128 g

of oxygen(

32 g m o l^{-} 1

) and Container 2 contains

56 g

of nitrogen (

28 g m o l^{-} 1

). The graph shows how the pressure

P

inside each container varies with volume

V

at constant temperature (

R

is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?
Temperature of Container 1 /KTemperature of Container 2/K

A. 100 100

B. 200 50

C. 200 200

D. 400 200

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

System A contains

10^{23}

ideal gas molecules in a volume of

3^{0.5} m^{3}

. System B contains one mole of ideal gas molecules in a volume of

5.0 m^{3}

. The systems are at equal temperatures.
Which system contains the most molecules, and which is at the highest pressure?
Most moleculesHighest pressure

A. System A System A

B. System A System B

C. System B System A

D. System B System B

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One mole of

N_{2} X

(

28 g m o l^{-} 1

) reacts with one mole of

O_{2} X

(

32 g m o l^{-} 1

) at constant temperature to form two moles of NO (

30 g m o l^{-} 1

).
Which line of the table correctly describes the ratios between the mean velocities of the gas molecules?

\frac{​ M e a n N_{2} ​ v e l o c i t y ​}{M e a n N O ​ v e l o c i t y}

\frac{​ M e a n O_{2} ​ v e l o c i t y ​}{M e a n N O ​ v e l o c i t y}

A. Less than 1 Less than 1

B. Less than 1 Greater than 1

C. Greater than 1 Less than 1

D. Greater than 1 Greater than 1

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

I.Intermolecular potential energy.
II.Kinetic energy.
III.Frequency of collisions.

A.

I

and

I I

B.

I

and

I I I

C.

I I

and

I I I

D.

I

,

I I

and

I I I

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A piston contains ideal gas in a volume of

100 c m^{3}

at a pressure of

100 k P a

. The piston is compressed until it has a volume of

40 c m^{3}

and a pressure of

125 k P a

.

What is the ratio of the final temperature to the initial temperature?

A. 0.32

B. 0.50

C. 1.00

D. 2.00

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A helium cylinder of ia2 *u 8,iwncnvolume

10 L

and pressure

3.5 M P a

is used to inflate fully deflated balloons each to a volume of

0.25 L

and pressure

100 k P a

, at constant temperature.

How many balloons can the cylinder inflate to the required volume?

A. 34

B. 40

C. 1360

D. 1400

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A

10 L

cylinder containing nitrogen gas at a pressure of

20 M P a

is used to fill a

20 L

cylinder that initially contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of

2 M P a

. The two cylinders are at equal temperature.

What is the final pressure inside the two cylinders?

A. 8

M P a

B. 11

M P a

C. 14

M P a

D. 22

M P a

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32#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The inside face of an ideal gas piston is coated in an organic film (molar mass

240 g m o l^{-} 1

) of negligible volume that sublimes at

200^{\circ} C

with a specific latent heat of vaporization of

70 k J m o l^{-} 1

. The piston has a cross-sectional area of 100

c m^{2}

and a mass of

1.00 k g

. The gas cylinder has an initial internal length

y

of

1.0 m

and it contains gas at an initial pressure of

101 k P a

held at the sublimation temperature. The pressure of the surrounding air is

100 k P a

. The forces on the piston are initially in equilibrium.

1.Calculate how many moles of gas are contained in the piston prior to sublimation.
2. 1.Show that the initial mass of the organic film is approximately

19 g

.

2.Estimate the number of moles initially contained within the organic film.
3.Power is supplied to the film at a rate of

10 W

.
Estimate the time required for the film to completely sublime.
4.As a consequence of the sublimation, the pressure inside the cylinder remains

101 k P a

and the temperature is

473 K

.
Estimate the final equilibrium value of

y

.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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