Particulate Nature of Matter B.4 Thermodynamics

1#

An isothermal change f yd-km5ee1. zof a gas at $63^{\circ}C$ occurs by transferring $3360\,J$ of heat energy to the surrounding medium.

A. $-53.3\,J\,K^{-1}$

B. $-10\,J\,K^{-1}$

C. $10\,J\,K^{-1}$

D. $53\,J\,K^{-1}$

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The pV diagram shows the cycle of an engine8 3/xn,y/tb ve;cfi; phkip:e. The processes $B$→$C$ and $D$→$A$ are adiabatic and all processes are reversible.

Which of the following statements about the engine are correct?
I.The net change of the internal energy of the gas is zero.
II.The total change of entropy of gas during one cycle is zero.
III.During one full cycle, net work is done on the gas.

A. $I$ only

B. $II$ only

C. $I$ and $II$ only

D. $I$ and $III$ only

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The work done when 1 mole of a gas expands through an adiabz6*4j3jq72 ulw m; f.zqkjo:x/b roaoatic process is $120\,J$.
What is the change in temperature of the gas?

A. -9.6$K$

B. 0

C. 9.6$K$

D. 120$K$

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4#

填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

1.Describe the second law of thermodynamics in

the Clausius form:

the Kelvin form:

in terms of entropy:

2.Two identical containers are connected with a tube of negligible volume. Only one of the containers is filled with gas with a temperature of $275\,K$, which is the same as the surrounding temperature. A tap prevents the flow of the gas to the other container.

The tap is opened and the gas expands into the other container isothermally. This process absorbs $250\,J$ of heat from the surrounding. The surrounding temperature is $275\,K$ during the expansion.
1.Discuss the sign conventions used when the first law of thermodynamics is given by $Q=ΔU+W$.
2.Determine the work done by the gas during the expansion.ΔU= W= $J$
3.Calculate the change in entropy of the gas.ΔS= $J\,K^{-1}$

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gas with a volume o 2f9l e6/1a:rn bm yyftsh(qs(f $1.0\,cm^3$ and pressure of $1.0\,hPa$ expands through an adiabatic process to $8.0\,cm^3$.
What is the final pressure of the gas in $hPa$?

A. $\frac{1}{32}$

B. $\frac{1}{8}$

C. $\frac{1}{4}$

D. $\frac{1}{2}$

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6#

填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Carnot Cycle heat engine operates between temperatures of $700\,K$ and $300\,K$. The monatomic gas inside the engine undergoes four thermal processes:
$A→B$ isothermal expansion
$B→C$ adiabatic expansion
$C→D$ isothermal compression
$D→A$ adiabatic compression.
On the graph below, sketch the variation of pressure P of the gas with the volume of the gas. Use arrows to show the direction of the process. (There is no need to add values to the axes)

2.At the beginning of the adiabatic expansion, the volume of the gas is $2.2\times10^{−2}\,m^3$. During the expansion, the pressure of gas decreased from $9.2×10^5 \,Pa$ to $ 3.4×10^4 \,Pa$. Calculate the volume following this process.$V_2$= $m^3$
3.Determine the efficiency of the heat engine.η
4.In the adiabatic process, there is no heat transferred into or out of the system. Outline how adiabatic processes must be performed.

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7#

填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A constant mass of ideal gas expands at a constant pressure against a piston in a cylinder. During this process, the total thermal energy supplied to the gas is 810 J.

The following data are available.
The initial volume of the gas=$4.0\times10^{-4}\,m^3$
The final volume of the gas=$1.2\times10^{-4}\,m^3$
The pressure of the gas=$2.2\times10^{-4}\,m^3$
1.Explain how the equation for the First Law of Thermodynamics is an expression of conservation of energy.
2.Show that the work done by the gas during the expansion is about 180$\,J$ W=  $J$
3.Calculate the change in internal energy of the gas and state whether it is an increase or decrease.ΔU=  $J$
4.The number of the moles of the gas is 0.52 $\,mol$. Use your answer from (a)(iii), determine the temperature change.ΔT=  $K$
2.The gas returns to its original state by following two specific thermodynamic processes. The cycle can be seen in the graph below.

During the thermal process from B to C, there is no exchange of heat between the system and the surroundings.
1.Identify the thermal processes on the graph.

A→ B:

B→ C:

C→ A:

2.For the process from B to C, deduce the change in entropy of the system.
3.Use the 1st law of thermodynamics to explain why the temperature of the gas increases during the process from B to C.
4.Explain whether the second law of thermodynamics is violated during the process from B to C.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An ideal gas at pressur-3 hu2h9s a fsl(drq:me $0.8×10^5\,N\,m^{−2}$ undergoes an isobaric compression from $200\,cm^3$ to $50\,cm^3$. Heat energy of $100\,J$ leaves the gas to the surroundings.
What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

A. -112J

B. -88J

C. 88J

D. 112J

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An engine operates at hot reservolz:y3m5luvt um4xgdhba :;:pv;g 0 m/ir temperature of $500\,K$ and cold reservoir temperature of $300\,K$. The output work of the engine is $100J$ and its efficiency is half that of a Carnot engine operating at the same temperatures.
What is the quantity of heat supplied by the hot reservoir?

A. 20J

B. 200J

C. 333J

D. 500J

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Heat engine $X$ takes heat energy $Q_H $ from the hot reservoir to deliver work $W$ and reject heat energy $Q_C$ in the cold reservoir. Another heat engine $Y$ takes heat energy $5Q_H$ to deliver $2W$ and reject $7Q_C$.
What is the efficiency of engine $Y$?

A. 3.6%

B. 16%

C. 22.2%

D. 40%

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