How many significant figures are there in 0.000017000?

  A pilot intends to fly a plane from point A to B point. Due to strong winds, she points the nose of the plane in the direction shown by the vector P. Which of the choices below best represents the direction of the wind encountered by the plane?

  The volume of a cylinder is calculated from the product of its base area and height. The measurement of the height has an uncertainty of 5% and the uncertainty of the diameter is 1%. What is the uncertainty of the volume of the cylinder?

  

  Which of the following is a vector quantity?

  Which of the following is an estimate of the order of magnitude of the radius of the Earth?

  Which of the following is not a fundamental SI unit?

  

  Which of the following units is not a unit of power?

  Vectors X and Y are in the shown directions.


Which of the following shows the sum of the two vectors?

  

  

  As a truck is brought to rest, the brakes apply a force of $5.1 \times 10^3N$ Which answer best describes the magnitude of the change in momentum of the truck if the brakes are applied for 3.0s ?

  An electronic balance has a button with “tare” written on it. The reading of the balance is reset to zero when the “tare” button is pressed. Which of the following gives a reason why use of the “tare” button improves the measurement?

  A spring of negligible mass and length of $l_0$ is attached to a fixed point. When the spring is extended by an external force F, the length of the spring increases to $l$. The graph shows how the length of the spring varies with the tension in spring. The tension in the spring is equal to $k△l$, where k is a constant and $△l$ is the extension of the spring.


What are the gradient and y-intercept of the graph?

  A spring with spring constant $k$ is extended by a distance $x$.

  Express 0.04758 to 3 significant figures.

  A ball is projected with an initial speed of $2m\:s^{-1}$making an angle of $35^{\circ}$ with the horizontal as shown.

Which expression gives the vertical component of the velocity vector?

  

  Two trucks X and Y are pulling a car out of thick mud along a straight path. The only other horizontal force acting on the car is a drag force opposite to the direction of motion. The diagram shows the direction of the force applied by truck $X$ and the direction of motion of the car.



Which of the following vectors shows the direction of the force applied by truck $Y$?

  A student uses the shown setup to measure the sp9x +n j o*ux5lu.nupuu96bt; aeed of sound.



The sound source has a frequency of 590 Hz. The student changes the distance between the two microphones d and records the time difference Δt between the received sounds from the microphones.
The graph below shows the data from this experiment.



Draw the line of best fit.
Calculate the fractional uncertainty of d when the time difference Δt is 2.2m/s.  %
Showing your working on the graph, calculate the speed of the sound wave is    $ms^{-1}$.
Calculate the wavelength of the sound is    $m$

  Which of the following gives the unit for work in fundamental SI units?

  A student investigates the refraction ov.rs -/m daf7vf light. A light beam emitted from the ray box is incident on a transparent block. The ray trace sheet and the position s m7/f a-rdv.vof the ray box and the transparent block are shown below.

1.The distances a and b are measured. Then the measurement is repeated for different values for angle $\theta$. The variation of b with a is plotted on the graph below according to obtained data.

Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data on the graph.
2.Theory suggests that
$n=\frac{a}{b}$
Where n is the refractive index of the material and has a constant value.
1.Suggest whether the data is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
2.By using the graph calculate n with its absolute uncertainty for the data point when a is measured to be 3.0cm.  
3.The accepted value for the refractive index of the transparent block is 1.71. Comment on your result.
3.Suggest why using the line of best fit to find the value for n is better than finding
n from an individual data point.

  In an experiment, a br 1:. u+vvh1x.zdbxdliquid-filled beaker is positioned on an electronic balance. An immersion b.h 1x:d.xduvbv1z+ rheater with a power rating of$P$ is introduced into the water. Once the water begins to boil, a researcher monitored the change in mass $m$ of the liquid over time $t$ once the boiling commenced.


The theoretically predicted relationship between time $t$ and $m$ ism$L_v=\frac{Pt}{C-m}$
C is the initial mass of the liquid when t=0s and$L_v$ is the latent heat of vaporisation of water.
1.Give the units of $L_v$ in fundamental SI units.
2.In a particular experiment, the researcher uses a heater of power 65.0$\pm$0.1W and measures m=0.120$\pm$0.001kg,C=0.125$\pm$0.001kg,and t=600$\pm$1s.
1.Calculate the percentage error in the measured value of $L_v$.  %
2.For this experiment, calculate the value of $L_v$ and its absolute uncertainty.  $\times10^6J\:kg^{-1}$
3.The accepted value of $L_v$ is $2.3\times10^6J\:kg^{-1}$.Explain why the experimental value does not match the accepted value.
3.The researcher plots a graph to show how m varies with t.
1.Outline why P must be kept constant during the experiment.
2.Assuming the relationship $L_v=\frac{Pt}{C-m}$ is correct, sketch the expected mass-time relationship on the axes below. (There is no need to put numbers to the axes).

3.Outline how to obtain the value of $L_v$ from the graph you have drawn in c(ii).

  1.A student investigates standing waves in strings. A string is 7innaju+:9ly +/d rf v3i) yynconnected to an oscillator where a function generator can adjust the frequency. The other end of the string passes through3i) yld njryynia++/n9 fv u7: a pulley and supports a mass.


The student varied the mass $m$ and recorded the values for frequency $f$ for which the first harmonic wass visible on the string. The following graph shows the recorded data.

The uncertainty of the mass is negligible.
1.Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data on the graph.
2.By referring to the plotted data, explain why it cannot be stated that frequency is directly proportional to mass.
3.Use the graph to determine the value for $f$ with its absolute uncertainty for for m=1.0kg.  $Hz$
2.The theory suggests that
$f^2=km$

where k is a constant.
The variation of $f^2$ with m is seen on the graph below.

1.Show that the absolute uncertainty of $f^2$ is$\pm0.01Hz^2$ for m=1.0kg.  $kHz^2$
2.The absolute uncertainty of $f^2$ is 0.03$kHz^2$ for m=0.25 kg. Construct error bars for $f^2$ when m=0.25kg and m=1.00kg.
3.State and explain whether the theory is supported by data or not.
3.Determine the unit of k, in fundamental SI units.  $kg^{-1}$

  1.Young's double sliki : ,nhftxin7:6 3w;h1lvhkmt experiment is used to determine the wavelength of a monochromatic lih7wxtfh;:3v1 h:kin nlk6 mi,ght source.

The separation between the two slits d = 0.15 ± 0.01 mm.
The distance between the double slit and the screen D = 1.30 ± 0.05 m.
The distance between the bright fringes s = 3.2 ± 0.1 mm
1.Explain why a double slit is used instead of two light sources.
2.Determine the wavelength of the light, including its uncertainty.  nm
3.The experiment is repeated with a larger distance D but the same measurement tools were used.
State and explain the impact of this change on the uncertainty on the calculated value for wavelength.
2. 1.The experiment was repeated by changing the separation between the slits and the screen.
The graph shows the variation of the distance between the bright fringes ss and the distance between the double slit and the screen D.

Describe without calculations how the wavelength can be determined using the graph.
2.State the effect of increasing the number of slits on the intensity of the fringes and on the experimental result for the wavelength.

  A rectangular prism is obtained by combining two identical cubes as shown in the figure.

  An object is moving at constant velocity. Which of the following could be the free-body diagram representing the forces acting on the object?

  

  1.A student investigates the var ll 6ug oa8r rae906(b4f4rcpdiation of gas pressure with volume at a constant temperature. Air is trapp( 4p6abl0o uglre rdar8f4c9 6ed inside a gas syringe with a constant cross sectional area of A The plunger of the gas syringe is tied to a mass holder. The student measures the volume Vof the trapped gas for different hanging masses with the external constant air pressure,$P_A$ remaining constant.

1.After each increase in mass, the student waits for some time to measure the volume of the gas. Outline why this is necessary.


The recorded data is plotted on a graph:

2.Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data.
3.Determine the gradient of the graph.  $\times10^{-3}cm^3g^{-1}$
2.Theory suggests that
$(P_A-\frac{mg}{A})$V=k
where m is the total mass of the plunger and hanging masses, g is the acceleration of free fall and k is a constant.
1.Determine the unit of k in SI base units.
2.Calculate the percentage uncertainty of the volume V when the mass m is 700 g.  %
3.In a particular experiment, the researcher measures
m=0.700±0.005 kg,
A=$0.00010\pm0.00001\:m^2$and
g=$9.81\pm0.01\ ms^{-2}$
Calculate the absolute uncertainty of $\frac{mg}{A}$.  

  1.In an experiment, a beaker containing liqazumiz:9j3u*vp 97p a ,;hh:k9o:ndj b,ixfluid of mass $m$ is heated with a heater of power P. Then the variation of temperature T of the liquid with time t is recorded.

The data from the experiment is shown on the graph below.

1.On the graph, draw the line of best fit for the data.
2.Explain why it can not be concluded that the relationship between temperature and time is directly proportional.
2.Theory suggests that
$\frac{T-T_0}{t}=k$
where $T_0$is the temperature when t=0 s.
1.Using the data given, calculate the percentage uncertainty of
$(T-T_0)$ at time 25s.  %
2.Use the graph to determine constant k.  
3.Theory also suggests that another expression for k is given by
$k=\frac{P}{mc}$, where c is another constant.
Determine the units of constant c, expressing your answer in fundamental SI units.  $K^{-1}$

  A student investigates gas behaviour. A volume of gas is trapped in a capillar/opzh4 7zi,pv y tube by a thin layer of oil. The tube, a thermometer and a ruler are immersed in watz hip/,ovzp47er.

The student slowly added boiling water and recorded the values of the temperature T of the water and the height h of the gas trapped inside the capillary tube. The recorded data is plotted on a graph as shown.

1.Draw the best fit line for the graph plotted data.
2.The theory suggests that
h=mT+C
where m and C are constant. Temperature T is in °C.
1.Suggest whether the data are consistent with the theory.
2.By using the graph drawn in (a), determine the constants m and C.   
3.State the units of the gradient in fundamental SI units.   $K^{-1}$
3.Following the experiment, the student tested their thermometer in an ice bath and in boiling water.
The temperatures were 2°C and 102°C respectively.
1.Explain how this finding will affect how the student interprets their results.
2.The student also goes on to find the intercept on the temperature axis. Will this error cause their intercept value to be higher or lower than expected?

  1.The circuit shown is used to measure the variation of the resis bqctr2 9h fmaygr6): a9(7tdvtance R of a wire b2g9yfmha tra6t7cvd9)r :(q with the length L of the wire. The wire is connected across points
$X$ and $Y$.

A voltmeter and an ammeter are connected to the circuit in order to investigate the relationship.
1.Draw the ammeter and voltmeter on the given circuit with their correct connections.
2.State the purpose of connecting a resistor in series with the wire as shown in the diagram.
2.The diameter d of the wire is kept constant at $d=0.58\pm0.01mm$ Determine the percentage uncertainty of the cross sectional area A of the wire.  %
3.The graph shows the variation of resistance of the wire R with the wire's length L.

1.Draw the line of best fit.
2.Use the graph to estimate the resistivity of the wire.  $\Omega$m

  In an experiment to determine the spz b+akws*btk(x1q3fuu j ,pwb5om38 -eed of sound in air, some students used a number of tuning forks of known frequencies a-utbb8fw wk+z3*1ub53m j (qx ak,p sond a tube with a moveable piston arranged as shown below.
For each tuning fork they used the setup shown in the diagram.

The students would sound the tuning fork, then move the piston slowly downwards until a loud sound is first heard. The length L was then measured. This was repeated for different tuning forks.
The graph shows the variation of $\frac{1}{L}$ with frequency.

1.Draw the line of best fit.
2.Calculate the fractional uncertainty of $\frac{1}{L}$ when the length is 20cm.  %
3. 1.Determine the gradient, expressing your answer with the correct SI units.  $m\:s^{-1}$
2.Use the gradient calculated in (i) to determine the speed of sound.  $m\:s^{-1}$

  

  Vector $d$ makes an angle $\theta$ with the horizontal as shown. Its magnitude is 5m and the magnitude of its horizontal component $d_x$ is 3m.


Which of the following is correct about the magnitude and direction of its vertical component?

  

  In an experiment, the free-fall of a ball bearin 9za ttt+cia5j71dvo h7g 85mdg is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity. The ball bearing is suspended with an electromagntd5g ot+977 5iaj8a1tvmc zd het. Then it is released from a height of $h$ above a table.

The time t needed for the ball bearing to reach the ground after release is measured. The experiment is repeated for different values of $h$ The theoretically predicted relationship between time t and h is $t^2=\frac{2h}{g}$
1.State why there is a need to collect data for a range of values of
$h$ to verify this relationship.
2.The experimental data for $t^2$ and h are plotted on the graph below.

1.Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data on the graph.
2.Suggest whether the data is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
3.By using the line of best fit, determine a value for g and state the units.
3.The theoretical relationship is for an object falling in a vacuum.  $ms^{-2}$
1.Compare the experimental result to the accepted value of g and suggest a reason for the discrepancy.
2.State and explain whether the source of error in (c)(i) is a systematic or random error.

  The circuit shown is used to measure t ttuunwtjz.bw-+87 q:tx 43wvhe internal resistance of a cell. The voltmetq4w7tvzj bt.xut:8n ut-+w3wer and the ammeter used are ideal.

1. 1.Differentiate between precise and accurate measurements.
2.The voltmeter used has a zero error. State the type of uncertainty this will introduce into the voltmeter's measurements.
2. 1.The graph shows the variation of the voltmeter's reading with current.

Determine the emf of the cell.
2.Estimate the internal resistance of the cell including its uncertainty.  $\Omega$
3.Determine whether the zero error in the voltmeter will affect the calculated value of the internal resistance. Justify your answer.

  In finding the area of a circular metal plate, a student measures the radius $R$ of the plate and calculates the area to be $A\pm a$ ,where a is the absolute uncertainty on the area. Which of the following would give the fractional uncertainty on $R$?

  The mass and circumference of a standard volleyball are $270\pm 10g$ and $66\pm 1cm$ respectively. What is the percentage uncertainty in the density of the ball calculated from these values?

  

  An object starting from rest travels a distance $d$ after a time $t$. If $d=(20\pm 1)m$, and the time is measured as $t=(2.0\pm 0.4)s$. Which of the following gives the correct values of the fractional and absolute uncertainties of acceleration?

  A car moves clockwise in a circular path as shown. The direction of its instantaneous velocity at two different times is shown in the diagram.


Which of the following vectors shows the direction of the change in velocity?

  A stream flows east with a speed $v_s$. A boat points due south and moves with a speed $v_o$ relative to the water.



The ratio $\frac{v_o}{v_s}=\frac{1}{2}$
Which of the following is correct about the magnitude in $ms^{-1}$ and the angle $\theta$ between the velocity of the boat and the side of the stream?
​

  An apple falls 5 m in height from a tree. It rebounds from the ground with a quarter of its striking speed. The apple is in contact with the ground for approximately 0.1$s$. What is an estimate of the magnitude of the average net force on the apple when it strikes the ground?

  The diagram shows a cube of side length0.010m and a metal sphere of radius 0.5cm. The image below is not to scale.