Which of Newton's laws best explains why motoris )x4gediy4;09ydzra/ c w9cuq5k:l dqm+yp)c ts should buckle-up?

  When you sit on a chair, the resultant forc1,zq,:osp31 kdcph j te on you is

  In the absence of an externatm2h t0gjj61 rc);re67 epcbxnkud+3j9 8p zol force, a moving object will

  When the rocket engines on the starship NO-PAIN-NO-GA xo(j khk3)u 7m,;kvrj t0-spmz6jlg) IN are suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty space, the starship willkj j)3h0 kk7jz),;m(s-uxg vtlp mor6

  A rocket moves through empty space in a straight lin/ - yw *trhks;qnxpsjr/,bf)0e with constant speed. It is far from the gravitational effect of any star or plaj)-k n;0h t, ssy rpfx*/qw/rbnet. Under these conditions, the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to sustain its motion is

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and y ityfb5.hzi)6n 4g)+y 9zbbw oou suddenly fall forward. You can implz5nyi) .gz4yf b+toh9wbib6)y from this that the bus's

  You are standing in hzbh,2hi2vbpu49 2u ab(e tj+a moving bus, facing forward, and you suddenly fall forward as the bus comes to an imme2tua(j+ 4bpuv hzhe 9,i 2hb2bdiate stop. What force caused you to fall forward?

  A constant net force acts on an object. Describe the motion okq n.4npd7 o2mf the object.

  The acceleration of an object is inversely propo1ujj3o2:cnn zpb17 ep vr1x7crtional to

  A net force F acceler50+gd qk2prs/m; n2b9 wawyzqates a mass m with an acceleration a. If the same net force is appl0wnk z5 p;2w gay9db2/qq r+smied to mass 2m, then the acceleration will be

  A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an acceleratiofy-fd rdc*lx: jvk4q4am+ 1kmz62 y9cn a. What acceleration results if a nmaf4 xjr*m2ykfvqc kzy1-+:6l4dc 9det force 2F acts on mass 4m?

  If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the balloon will fly awam: cc 6;pd 6zvgs0a1tqy. This is an illd: ;0qctza6 6m1 csgpvustration of

  Two cars collide head-on. At every moment during the collision, the magnitu;/wekv,*z ohkk t z8 lnw)o37gjc r2)qde of the fo k;zq*),zgk 8c k7t)wo n/wre2volh3jrce the first car exerts on the second is exactly equal to the magnitude of the force the second car exerts on the first. This is an example of

  If you exert a force F on an object,kq6l0 w (.zq8aa4 nmfw the force which the object exerts on you wilq0l(8 n. qzaaw 6w4fmkl

  Action-reaction forcesswzl3e5.wb.3jg jmejkm k 6 *;

  Action-reaction forces a 1rwuybsitqt+1*h2+ps2a ko0 re

  A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car avvx w2bk:; 6vhnd causes a lot of damage to the car. Since a lot of damage is done on the cax wkvvh; 6v2:br

  An object of mass m sits on a flat table. The Earth pulls on thisvm6ztay8-8 iqhx+c 6o qq2dr* object with for+vc 8m-iz8o26xaq rdq* ytqh6ce mg, which we will call the action force. What is the reaction force?

  A child's toy is suspended from the ceiling by means duiw3t3a:w0to im6(l of a string. The Earth pulls downward on the toy with its weight force of 8.0 N. lto3di i0(au 3 6m:wtwIf this is the "action force," what is the "reaction force"?

  Your bat hits the ball pitched to yo fhjamm(3f akblu5 k-l 9j+vl-- k8m/xu with a 1500-N instantaneous force. The ball hits the bat with an instantaneous force, whose magni3ka-l +l5-9mkhf(-8mlx ujbavmj k/f tude is

State Newton's three vvb w: x-tnn-3laws.

  Mass and weight

  The acceleration due gdcc.,/-gtyrn2 9p 7uh bs;pfto gravity is lower on the Moon than on Earth. Which of the followingfbc7/ 92pgc;hyrsg,unt -. pd is true about the mass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's surface, compared to Earth?

  An example of a force which acts at a distance ixv:gd wx0h , fq1 gq*pjg2(.xcs

  Who has a greater weight to mass ratio, a person weighing 400 N or a persoydpbkd,v;se vbz( 5 ,(un6 1fbn weighing b eyb ;pzn5k1v ,dfb(s d(v6,u600 N?

  A stone is thrown straight up.w)51eg sl m1ho At the top of its path, the net force acting on it im1elwg oh 1s5)s

  A 20-N weight and a 5.0-N uv5 f* *:z ju- ktl:bivi4d5ecweight are dropped simultaneously from the same height. ic:vdk:** l-ufvjebu 5tz45 iIgnore air resistance. Compare their accelerations.

  A brick and a feather fall to the earth at their reu(+(x 2 r f6i2itkb 9if0mxppbspective terminal velocities. Which object experiences the pmuk+bxf9x2r6 i(b0ft2(i i pgreater force of air friction?

  An object of mass m is hanging by a string frog9 ut3x.vyu 3- z4b+cnz6tbggm the ceiling of an elevator. The guzg 9c3n 6gt-vub4t3.b x+zy elevator is moving up at constant speed. What is the tension in the string?

  An object of mass m is hanging p tc/3io0 whj*gs4yw7 by a string from the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is moving upward, but slowing down. Whahw/wp0s * 7ct4io ygj3t is the tension in the string?

  The force that keeps you eisf oe -o((nibu 22:4g0viidfrom sliding on an icy sidewalk is

  It's more difficult to start moving a heavy carton u3vnn* op *byi3r2sw9 from rest than it is to keep pushing it with constant velocity, be3*2pri3yns9wu*ov nb cause

  A horizontal force accelerates a box from rest across a horizontal s6m d4t4 airqiu*r9g 3 +4pplbvurface (friction is present) at a constant rate. The experiment is repeated, and all conditions remain the sameb*r4 uiaid93r glp4+v4qm6 p t with the exception that the horizontal force is doubled. What happens to the box's acceleration?

  A packing crate slides down an inclined ramp at constant vs dcst3wy3 +w,elocity. Thus we can de s cw33s+dw,ytduce that

  A block of mass M slides dokpy+fut wy fd0 s,oo,xkw /-/+wn a frictionless plane inclined at an angle q with the horizontal. The normal reaction force exerwyyx,ok,s +p//0wku fd-f+ ot ted by the plane on the block is

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane inclined at an0wmzx+zncv11l 1umq:s 6dgu3 angle q with the horizontal. The normal reaction force exerted by qs:dwgcnlx1316mz0 v +1uzumthe plane on the block is directed

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane j:ikzc87wzt3 inclined at an angle q with the horizocw837kji tz z:ntal. The gravitational force is directed

  Two toy cars (16 kg le+x0g1 d*2jwp vg hnfx9n. (rand 2.0 kg) are released simultaneously on an inclined plane thanw.r2xd(f9v+gn1geh p0 j * lxt makes an angle of 30e with the horizontal. Make a statement which best describes their acceleration after being released.

  An object sits on a frictiilo9hws j t7ekqt5844 onless surface. A 16-N force is applied to the object, and it accelerate s lk489q4wj7i5htoet s at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What is the mass of the object?

  A sports car of mass 1000 kg lgezyadu e*wm::) ;r0 2 jpnj3can accelerate from rest to 27 m/s in 7.0 s. What is the average forward fo*zew2:upaj)ny3;d0ml :egj rrce on the car?

  Starting from rest, a 4.0-kg body reaches * rgpmh8ewk m w:tw,3y ,gv-9jb7mmql6/7 bmo a speed of 8.0 m/s in 2.0 s. What is the net forwmp3:qmk,- 6 tmvyrbw*b77 gl om j/,e89hmgwce acting on the body?

  An antitank weapon fires a 3.00-kg rocket which rksdb19y)vb a a;7.zqacquires a speed of 50.0 m/s after travelinaay v7zqr.b; bs 1kd)9g
90.0 cm down a launching tube. Assuming the rocket was accelerated uniformly, what is the average force acted on it?

  If you push a 4.0-kg mass with the same force that yod p(ewwv2.8d rdmis ;i +/ls oh4l(x)gu push a 10-kg mass from res d rvh/dpi;2sew w)m 4( s(llox8i+.dgt,

  What is the mass of a person who wedlx) 8swc1 0kol0jux8ighs 110 lb?

  What is the mass of an okjnki d*apl b:30d0i- epf98sbject that weighs 250 N on the surface of the Earth where the acceleratde0 p jn 9bli0kk fd:*s3aip-8ion due to gravity is $9.80 \; m/s^2$?

  An object has a mass of 60 kg on the Earth. What is thi8hn 00r7vrm1 fnc o7le mass of the object on the surface of the Moon where7m 08i7o0nnfr1 hlvcr the acceleration due to gravity is only 1/6 of that on the Earth?

  Object A weighs 40 N on Earth, and object B weigy/ndu q/d-sx9,cn)nf :9fhw0n6fjruhs 40 N on the Moon. The Moon's gravity is one sifyur/uh/d-f)wnn0qx j 9,96scnd :nfxth of Earth's. Compare the masses of the objects.

  Sue and Sean are having a tug-of-war bvlby )p7p+y gad8k2x rj1 91 nlnap,2ny pulling on opposite ends of a 5.0-kg rope. Sue pulls with a 15-N force. Whaty1+yp8xkppr 29) 2anv 1g,nalbjnd7 l is Sean's force if the rope accelerates toward Sue at $2.0 \; m/s^2$?

  A stack of books rests on a level frictionless surface. A force wefscgs/wt-q u)ziy,5w: /d5 F acts on the stack, and it acc f we5q: /wtwzcg,u/siy)- 5dselerates at $3.0 \; m/s^2$. A 1.0 kg book is then added to the stack. The same force is applied, and now the stack accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What was the mass of the original stack?

  A person of weight 480 N stands on a scalp lya63l5j4w re in an elevator. What will the scale be reading when tal5 rlp436jyw he elevator is accelerating downward at $4.00 \; m/s^2$?

  A person on a scale rides in anb;9uv 6xe.z0ju nlz +e elevator. If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator eu ljz xn;.u9 zb0e6+vaccelerates downward with an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  A person on a scale rides in an elevator. If the mass of the person2mm/ 2j ,hsu9 k*orhk3 chfq3m is 60.0 kg and the elevatork2h *9 mk,rmuj 3/2oqc f3hsmh accelerates upward with an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  Two horizontal forces act on a 5.0-kg mass. Onestga-f/nrkfmax /llxv.* d ):5/j 4kc force has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is directed due north. The second force toward the east has a magnitude of 6.0 N. What is thet c/4g-s5lj k*)l/xxad fn.:fa/vrkm acceleration of the mass?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on vm4 hf+2xd* ldthe flatbed of a truck. It is held in place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horizo d4xml+dhvf* 2ntal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping distance if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  An object of mass 6000 kg(e, k8av-e6knd :7.vakbet0: aq7xr8 x cqkgq rests on the flatbed of a truck. It is held in place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is e8bke70ae6 k: qd8kqa(t,q .rn7gckx-vxva:traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping time if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  In the Atwood machine shown in bs4*h u.2 wz2quom7rmFig. 4-1, if M = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is the magnitude of the acceleration of the system? (Ign4uh2.m7*msu zr b owq2ore friction and the mass of the pulley.)

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fix3 bg2m-jnb t(l it*paln.f5n 2gh-o7 g. 4-1, if M = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is the thflin-jx.ntb-m o5tg( b*3l2 a 7gp2nension in the string? (Ignore friction and the mass of the pulley.)

  A student pulls a box of books on a smooth horizontal floor with a force of 10wtncg ixc/9p,bax)24 b pqko4e9*bx30 N i49eki*own,tx39 qac bx4pcg/bpbx2)n a direction of $37^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the acceleration of the box?

  A student pulls a box of books on )*rbqgnku94 rsf s4f,vnn8( i a smooth horizontal floor with a force of 100 N in a direction of 37.0e above the horizontal. If th4sr 9snu(qf4gb*8vik, n f)nre mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the normal force on the box?

  A traffic light of weight 100 N is supported by two ropes as m ae-56 )hlfaibg d-9kk27xghshown in Fig. 4-2. What are the tensions in- ex h92km5h)lgigbakd6 -a7f the ropes?

  In Fig. 4-2, if the tensions in the ropes areh /rz)jwd:3qb 50 N, what is the mass of the traffic ligh d z/3qrbwh:)jt?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in contact with each other on a frictionless sun-r/jtbe llyjv+r9,/i x4c( crface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the acceleration of the moe,+cl(j4ryvnb9lt/ /cix j -rre massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in contact with each other oe f ,v9 *xhccaorvz810n a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is xv c0a8 1,o hezcvf9r*the net force on the more massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connected by emt.fdmv: m.- any-;n a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forward force on the more massiven mna :-mm-fd.e;.ty v box is F, what is the tension in the connecting rope?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connected by a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If theqtzk+tjc1203d2+u.dr7gw 5bqn tiynku:3 j u forward force on the more massive box is F, d 7tg d2bi+ rw20jtjq1 kzucq.u3ny uk:53+ntwhat is the acceleration of the less massive box?

Two boxes are connected by a cord running over a pulley as shown j12w:rbw 5neh5x9 snu in Fig. 4-5. Box I2bhnrxe1n:9w5 sw 5uj of mass
8.0 kg rest on the top of the table; the coefficient of kinetic friction between box I and the table is 0.10. Box II has a mass of 15.0 kg.
(a) Draw the free-body diagrams for the two boxes, identifying all of the forces acting on each of the masses.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the system.
(c) Calculate the tension in the cord.

  The coefficient of static and kinetic frictions between a 3.0m xh cj;wj;4-h-kg box and a desk are 0.40 and 0.30, respectively. What is the net force on the box when a 15 N horizontal force is applied to the -x 4mcjhh;w;j box?

  The coefficients of static and kinetic frictions for plastic on wood are 0.50l6ph;5 -sifgna 5j+ju and 0.40,fpjai s5-gl;u 5h+6j n
respectively. How much horizontal force would you need to apply to a 3.0 N plastic calculator to start it moving from rest?

  An object slides on a level surface in the +x direction. It slowi8)ebx8m*k vxx6e*sx s and comes to a stop with a constant ack)v6 x exbem8*xsxi*8celeration of -$2.45 \; m/s^2$. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the floor?

  A 10-kg box sitting on a horizontal surface is pulled by a 5.0-Nmar73ltridtu- ix925c-7m pq force. A 3.0-N friction force retards the motion. What is the acceleration of the oba u-7 xm-cp7 qr3itm92ridl t5ject?

  A horizontal force of 5.0 Nuzu7o0y ;exxx 99( bhp accelerates a 4.0-kg mass, from rest, at a rate of $0.50 \; m/s^2$ in the positive direction. What friction force acts on the mass?

  During a hockey game, a puck is given an initial speed of 10 m/s. It slidn5k w25 cb-bphes 50 m on the ice before it stops. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction bephw b25n b5k-ctween the puck and the ice?

  During the investigation of a traffic accident, police fi-8a3 (uliyw t-hk4vv/0bbr wz+9ts yend skid marks 90.0 m long. They determine the coefficient of friction between the car's tires and the roadway to be 0.500 for the prevailing conditions. Estimate the speed of the car when the brakes were appl lwk0v tsbb-9 ye-/ziwt+4rayh uv38(ied.

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-6.) The surfacm4h.polx/glt ny 40f k: t gtl1 tn2fe3(or5c+e between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the static friction force on the less massiv.mlkoc5(3lxntt1pg fl 4he/2 ot +0r 4ntyfg:e box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-6.) j w +.qjyy(lxy 1q+tq7 The surface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the coefficient of stati7+ tx+.lw yq1qjq( yyjc friction between the boxes?

  An object is on a frictionless inclined plane. The p ;m) zbmxq.zk8lane is inclined at an angleq8.z km)xbzm; of $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. What is the object's acceleration?

  A 10-kg mass slides down a flat hill that makes an 6nnwo w*kx8w0 angle of $10^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If friction is negligible, what is the resultant force on the sled?

  A mass is placed on a smooth inclined plane wi4 twmh7fn 2+lrth an angle of $37^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. If the inclined plane is 5.0-m long, how long does it take for the mass to reach the bottom of the inclined plane after it is released from rest?

A block lies on a smooth inclined plane tilth l;j8+80 woomtt;tazed at an angle of $35^{\circ}$ to the horizontal.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the block.
(b) Determine the block's acceleration as it slides down the inclined plane.
(c) If the block started from rest 8.5 m up the incline from its base, determine the block's speed when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
(d) How long did it take the block to reach the bottom of the inclined plane?

  A wooden block slides directly down an inclined pla jkaowmg:37; b 2+d 2(r2aeg+u jbieczne, at a constant velocity of 6.0 m+(ja2 2bk+b3mr7 :ce2digw;eajgu oz/s.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction, if the plane makes an angle of $25^{\circ}$ with the horizontal?

  An object with a mass m slides dow pa7eerhq/ndz t840s7n a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. What is the acceleration of the object?

  An object with a mass m slides dow; s04cqg yd6l 5xeroi6n a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. If the plane is 10 m long and the mass starts from rest, what will be its speed at the bottom of the plane?

  A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500 N along a rb/ fsfw+ 7g7s3 0lhzhzough surface. The cable attached to the log makes an angle of l zw77fhbs3g/s0h +fz$30.0^{\circ}$ with the ground. The coefficient of static friction between the log and the ground is 0.500. What minimum tension is required in the cable in order for the log to begin to move?

A 25.0-kg box is released from rest on a rough inclined pla w2 unb4 g,,0vgcyag6ine tilted at an angle ,y6ia 204 vng,wgcu bgof $33.5^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the inclined plane is 0.200.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the box.
(b) Determine the force of kinetic friction acting on the box.
(c) Determine the acceleration of the box as it slides down the inclined plane.

  An object is placed on an inclined plane. The angle of incline is gradual hi7y2,zf*z;sp(j tjjly increased until the object begins to slide. The angle at which this occurs is q. What is the coefficient of static fricti2hjj(y f,tz;* z7s ipjon between the object and the plane?