Hydrocarbons are com.o8h.8t hdxx tmonly used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correct for crude oil?+w9(mvoed+ dt80hl mk

1.Write balanced chemi4olk*s aa;*racal equations for the reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct orqazn onl6pc3-rl,p6 n-9m4wtder of specific energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, eth9n4wn q3 pa-c -6rt pzmo6nl,lanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion oin2yeuo83azmyr fm/;e,)yw0 f magnesium, which of the following are correct for the product iwrmuy20ny/;m) 8,3 zaoefeys and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equation for the combjf+0cb- cnd7fpv9f8 q vd)*rec*pllu9v ki:5ustion of silver metal to form solid s -c klp+980p5 njvrdqfeclvdfcbi97u f:)v**ilver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the produc; a h(v,j7h7afcxie45i uvi f+t(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron flow in an electrochemical fuel ce54 a +va,h jiuhvff(ice i;77xll?

  For an electrochemical fuel cod3k* r r;k qxzg67ph5ell in acidic conditions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode andz*qg6 orxkr735kp;h d at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation ing.9fyppg: 7 ha a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic conditionp7af.g ghyp9: s?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is mostgbi1ffz /u4 sr9nl2 xe k4,j;u likely to undergo incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be desi g(o)bitjm r8 jpa9 h4r/1zxs4gnated as either renewable or non-renewable, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amo8144atz)xpr j h/s bi(orjg9 munt of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.