Hydrocarbons are comme ;pu mmov91xji,f i19z6a xa6only used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correct for crude l0z -ybj:dw. f9bnx (loil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the rpa hp9c3-zs5eeactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy from highest to lowest for methan1s0q *iv3q z p)ewdiw7lao4 3le, hydrogen gaw3s dlva ziq43o)7lwe0*q1pis, ethanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are correct for the ysm f0w. l-d55kzh4otproducts and enthalpy of react4htf yd0zo5sk5-. lmw ion?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equationp 5znke nhg/ h77-3rss for the combustion of silver metal to form solid s-k7g7h /s rps5ze3nhn ilver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly dykit)7by pjw,f r(h rjoyp,f24 )o .y5epicts the product(s) at the cathode and the direction of electyk5 h2 ,f.ywf )o4y pj)bo(,7irjrpytron flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanpau 7 .0kek-slol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balancedapukl. k7e -s0 reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the wtk3saepx...5en)ionca g0w c4c+p7 balanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic conditionsgn n .o7a+p3t0ac.e.kcw 54 e cx)ipws?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likzim+ nckd5 ;o z25.yfbely to undergo incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either reneb*t ;ypy*8 bct3vb *swwable or non-renewable, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be produced whw*3sctp *8 tb*by; byven combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.