Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuels.boj2-- av3k a1lcuw-4.2,,fylxz q xuriy u9u
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is c,aoe.ndx6 9c c)sxbx olo*a8y9dk2 c 9orrect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions belv4hyy2 ug oz9 l.bn4t(ow:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct cc6xysa ;. k crl,)q(korder of specific energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethaykc c6 rk(al.;,c)qx snol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following ar15c s 8w1rakj6,rt s-n9xms rue correct for the products and en9x rmn,-rs1akuc sr8jt651 swthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equation for the coyx mnonode8r7g/u7tj0 7 jn+0 mbustion of silver metal to form solid silveynd 87n/7oru+o7xmgt 0nj0j er oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cathodeb f l(7ax7j60w/rhoje and the direction o (rfj ao7we/0l7 6bxhjf electron flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditi ky .xng4s ) 4wwa ,bpl7f19ru(-bipgmons using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly ds )wk.ppb9,( gax -1y4nbg7ru lif mw4escribes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation in a hydrogenauo o5x5l7u6 k fuel cell a6l o7okx5uu5 under acidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergofc8f24hrbt3bdrjo *9 w(/p jq incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewable, o ik qic)m*.ky+;zj6j with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be zoj.ii;y6qc)*jkk + mproduced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.