Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuewi6sn 8*oh:i75lt jvmls.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correct for cruderfso 22n.p9m1+m tlch oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reacti) 4nw6 lb)btudons below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy fromg)* zvr;p,cf8.tf nkv 9i28bp+ix m aq highest to lowest for methane, hyd+2av n;8,givc*zmritfk). 8 qb fp9 xprogen gas, ethanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are correct for the 9sg wc;nwl -d*products and enthalpy of reactlws 9cgw*-;ndion?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients ).lk:s cu 0zpa6xj3 zxin the balanced equation for the combustion of silver metal to form z ujk0z6sxpaxc3.)l : solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the producty2t w5hul-/ en(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron /etn-yu5 l2wh flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanol as i *ld9oqzvn0 apw6/p: the fuel source, which of the following cor iq9* 0dwn /6pov:apzlrectly describes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equatc bw(vj .uzrzzk;23o;ion in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic conditr3 okjw.b;( zv z2uz;cions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incomplete combusjx.9 f3qt9p7epev3 0iliscd 9tion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewab3 z dwn4 ect l5k2+u3y)pfhy7dle, with efficiency calculated based on thez4flh3pd2)n dyw5e kt+ 73yc u amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.