Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuau3ljere-2c ( els.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correct f2;ano4tdwypf+ 1q u cf-ryezd/;o w9 /or crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions belel ij3x5mw9l 5ow:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order owpz1/k .h nqzu-)zdu6f specific energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol, and butane?/dhp qkzn6z uuzw1 .)-
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the followik4x/n 2da baa(2g x/fqng are correct for the productf4d/ax/ (gax2q2 akbns and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equatm4yyqpbi :4k j8-w lx2ion for the combustion of silver metal to form solid silve42ql-k jy8imy4bp: xw r oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cathode and thk(p zg3e +:cgna1n1 uep./iwce direc e1w. +ae31(np: ngucg izcp/ktion of electron flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanol as the sa yh b.f-h;h cy-q*86kyzdk6fuel source, which of the following cor kfyq z -kh;d6b -*ya.hh6scy8rectly describes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balank en 2p9z9mm-oced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidi- mzo99e2nk mpc conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incomj0 m w q i++1ie;albso/ho)g5kplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renew r f nt1srll3ptbei+9) 6wtq w2:an.-qable or non-renewable, with efficiency calculated based ow.pq 2nlr6e:t -t9atw1 nq lfib+sr)3n the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.