Hydrocarbons are comb7w/ (-zwytjl x dfok;: tv+.smonly used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is cor8h /cji2i6p.zg2vns d rect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equatio;uqzos na bfp;9r3.jae/ ;qivqok3b/ +q6 0yqns for the reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy from h eqn::4 6fa( ousno*/jeha 2ahighest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol, and b(*ea ah6o n jn eq:su:h4fo2/autane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, yc,kv5wsk2 (dwhich of the following are correct for the products 5ykvc,sd(wk2 and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients iv81f jjof5f6grwr:t (n the balanced equation for the combustion of silver metal to form solid silvjg6fj: 15tovrfr w(f8er oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cao; /xod1mqo3g thode and the direction of e;o3o gxdqm/ 1olectron flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic cm h1,, vz;mmbkhd di1,fc5 /cwonditions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the k d,cwc,/i,mvzb5d hhm1f1 ;m following correctly describes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are t: ya.wg2gq6lulqsi . ;ransferred in the balanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell und 2 lla6g.;qyw q:s.giuer acidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo inco5b4r.bhrrm4 q19uf f umplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewable:qitl8g6+,iprgi uvtq,eh +/, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of ener+tqi8 gvp 6hq:l/+ii rg t,eu,gy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.