Hydrocarbons are commonly used as f( jh)ewpu ,6;le 5ygq ,4hjzo4ao9bca uels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is coao 0w ebrk8g6;c+rr-drrect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction-t9; xb tas7 us)j9xzds below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of spe6:ss0o uho ql+cific energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol, and butanq:0 6lhus o+soe?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the follmw77qm+y+hr p owing are correct for the products and enthalpy of reamp q +7+my7hwrction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equati 0j82-bnim*tc w sfoai6b 1r0ron for the combustion o8 ofrnbcst62wb1ji00 i-a mr*f silver metal to form solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cathode and th1slck 8 c2g+. f0*tdagt7 cwmie direction of electron flow in an electrwcst027a 1cg. c+f8kt*l gmdiochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanjmd uh y0o3+mtj( v dua+3tv8.ol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the mdhy3+8uv( o0ut.+jmj tvd 3abalanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation in a hydrog:12:gu6f: lnxsvmi ow en fuel cell undeilg21:mof:w v xsu6n: r acidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incomplete combustion08xor6 tsirtdgxz8d4kus:--?

  Energy sources can be dvjdk2z upue:e e;) y.9esignated as either renewable or non-renewable, with efficiency ca9vjuz eu2d)ey;p e:.klculated based on the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.