Hydrocarbons are comb *xniagh4ssp/k -y4;monly used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is cdu iz1)j3o,dih, j,sf orrect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reactiou(4bmeqy 7zb a,ar23y9m-c- isbo m l5ns below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy fdf :h45s,xmuc omye(,rom highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, et ho duf5xy4e:m(,s ,cmhanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the follwc c xn18mz :v4us/x6eowing are correct for the products and enthalpy of reacti4 /:xncxv1zemc wu6s8on?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the o4v icqg 7tg8/v2u. tucoefficients in the balanced equation for the combustion of silver meta2ucqt/ig7o 8uv.t g4 vl to form solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts :06/qa 1 hpnsmaiorbu.: g8crthe product(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron flow in an electroch guom0r .p6/hqbnc 1a s:a8:iremical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanol as dd66o ewy62zk the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balanced reactions o 662ddwy6ek zoccurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are trai zk d6;.zqezw7k7fn vsj9a+.nsferred in the balanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic conditions.kz naj7 s9e zwf.6 idz+;qv7k?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most d8 ytbmipi1u,e kltu.z.ffq 8 9sz3+2likely to undergo incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or n 1j o)5z( .dsifps+h(gjeld7dj 7(agion-renewable, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energyio( h 5)7 7iza(gdl+djsjsfjgpe .d(1 that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.