Hydrocarbons are commonly use f x(065xn1 xpcj,tudwd as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following 4h m9)p4xr1u fknknd.is correct for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chef/ ; :6mkgwxkrq)jw(n+(ploomical equations for the reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy from highest to lowest for methane, (gy)kpi 0vg t9hik+7h hydrogen gas,+tk(7)pv yg gh9 hiik0 ethanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are correc .aw1. s lrv2yrhk5ev8a:kn9lt for the products and enthalpy of rs8.9ev r5nka whl2lakr:1y .veaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equ;g5.1ndy moj4vva)y uation for the combustion of siay)u v 4 ;mj.o1nvgyd5lver metal to form solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following cor a. n,.hmq:jtmrectly depicts the product(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron flow in an electrochemical fuel ceqt .a.,h mj:nmll?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions using methanol as theae40zjcza od:b;q)omr:n a80 fuel source, w4a e:o r)z;bn08j:qaod cza0mhich of the following correctly describes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation in a hydropo**6aonn uyke8s-b r08ub :agen fuel cell under acidic conditions? 0u6byo-boksenu**pr8 n8a: a

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incom/e-bmp b. ed(p9re7m fplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either reu9ya/f j -,:o z,trvfh:z*ecunewable or non-renewable, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amouzthrou-f vj a:,*z,/9ucyf: ent of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.